Omunye wemisebenzi eminingi yasemkhathini eyimpumelelo ye NASA, bekufanele ibeke isathelayithi i-Chandra, i-observatory noma i-telescope ku-orbit. Ngenxa yakhe, kunombono onembe kakhudlwana mayelana nezimfihlo zendawo yonke, okunikela ekuphawuleni kwayo okuningiliziwe. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, iyingxenye yobunjiniyela bezinkanyezi ebaluleke kakhulu.
Iphokophele eminyakeni engama-21 selokhu yethulwa, ingenye yezindawo zokubuka ezisebenza kakhulu nezinesikhathi eside. Ngenxa yombono wayo omangalisayo we-x-ray, ukwazile ukwembula ezinye izimfihlakalo nama-anecdotes omkhathi obandayo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ingenye yezingcezu ezibaluleke kakhulu zesintu, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukufunda okwengeziwe ngayo.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: Yazi konke okudingayo ukuze ube nesibonakude sokuzenzela!
Imayelana nani i-Chandra Space Telescope? Iminyaka engu-20 yempumelelo emsulwa!
Njengengxenye yephrojekthi eqhubekayo yokuthuthukiswa kwendawo, i-NASA, ngaleso sikhathi, Kwaqala ngokuhlola umkhathi. Ngemva kokufika komuntu eNyangeni, umsebenzi waqhubeka uvuna ukuba nomfanekiso ocacile womkhathi.
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi kuze kube manje kuwumbono ongokoqobo, kuningi okuye kwatholakala ngenxa yezindawo ezinkulu zokubuka umkhathi. Ukwakha ingxenye yaleli qembu elikhethiwe, isibonakude sasemkhathini i-Chandra.
Lokhu kukhishwe ngoJulayi 1999, yakhelwe ukuxazulula inkinga ehambisana nama-x ray. Kuphinde kube indawo yokubuka umkhathi eqanjwe ngesazi sefiziksi esihloniphekile, u-Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Ngokulandelayo, u-Chandra, ngolimi lwesi-Sanskrit noma umbhalo, unencazelo evamile yokuthi "inyanga".
Umthombo: Google
Isibonakude sasemkhathini i-Chandra sibonakala ngokusebenza okusekelwe ekuthathweni noma ekubonweni kwama-x ray. Lolu hlobo lwamandla noma okuthile lumuncwa umkhathi, okwenza kube nzima ukubona phezulu.
Ngenxa yale nkinga, kwavela amalungiselelo okwethula uChandra emkhathini. Kusukela lapho nangemva kwempumelelo ezuziwe, kunendawo yokubuka ekwazi ukunikeza i-x-ray panorama enombono obanzi.
Ngokuvamile, kube ngenye yezindawo zokubuka ezisebenza kakhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ivuna imiphumela emihle nezithombe. Yaziwa nangokuthi "ikhawunta yokungabonakali", ngenxa yendlela yayo ethile yokubuka ama-x ray, isibhakabhaka.
Isibonakude i-Chandra sinikezwe izici ezingcono kakhulu zokusebenza kahle
Naphezu kwesikhathi, Akukho mzamo owenziwe ekuklameni i-Chandra. Njengoba kunikezwe inkinga yokungenzeki kokuthwebula ama-x-reyi ngendlela efanele, isidingo salesi sivivinyo sasibalulekile.
Ngakho-ke, umzamo ohlangene phakathi kwezingqondo ezingcono kakhulu ukwazile ukwenza isibonakude se-Chandra siphile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukubhekwa kwendawo yonke nezindawo ezithile kwashintsha unomphela ngendlela evumayo.
Ngokuvamile, isibonakude i-Chandra Ifakwe amathuluzi anembayo okuthwebula la mandla. Ikakhulukazi, inezibuko ezi-4 zezinzwa ezinesibopho sokuthwebula lesi sici.
Uma kutholwa ama-x-ray, ashaya izindawo ezahlukene zalezi zibuko, ezigcina imininingwane eqoqiwe. Bese, izithombe ezifanele zivunwa kulolo lwazi, ngemininingwane engavamile kanye nokunemba okuhle kakhulu.
Ngokufanayo, i-Chandra ifakwe ngezisetshenziswa zesayensi namageji aqeqeshelwe umsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqoqwa kwedatha kubonakala kulula ukucutshungulwa, ukuthola izithombe ezifika ngesikhathi kakhulu.
Imishini yesibonakude sasemkhathini yakwaChandra ibe negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi
Njengoba sekuchaziwe, Umhlaba nomkhathi wawo udonsa ama-x-ray emkhathini. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba nzima ngempela ukuhlola izifunda zendawo yonke ezincike ekuboneni la mandla ngeso lengqondo.
Uma kubhekwa isimo esinjalo, uthumo lwesibonakude sasemkhathini saseChandra, kuwukubheka lezo zindawo ezikude nezishisayo zasemkhathini. Ekufuneni izimpendulo zezimfihlakalo zendawo yonke, lesi sikhungo esihlola umkhathi siye sanikela kakhulu.
Endaweni ekude, kunezindawo lapho ukushisa kuphuma khona lolu hlobo lwemisebe ngolwazi oluthembekile mayelana nomcimbi othile. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-Chandra ibekwe ku-orbit ukuze ibuke futhi ithwebule lezi zindawo kahle kakhulu.
Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukubona ukuqhuma kwe-supernovae noma inkanyezi, le observatory ingenza kwenzeke. Ngokufanayo, i-Chandra space telescope mission igxile ekwembuleni izimfihlakalo mayelana nezimbobo ezimnyama. Ngokungangabazeki, indaba ezungeze lezi zidalwa eziyimpicabadala kuhle ukuyisingatha nalesi sibukeli.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzi walesi sibonakude uye wadlulela phambili, wakha ingxenye yezinto ezinkulu ezitholakele. Isibonelo salokhu kwakuwukubona ngokokuqala ngqá ukwehlukaniswa kwento emnyama nendaba evamile.
Futhi, uklonyeliswa ngokutholakala kwamaqoqo amakhulu emithala, kanye nokubonwa kwemigodi emisha emnyama. Ngisho nesixhumanisi esinembayo nesiningiliziwe esinembobo emnyama enkulu enkabeni ye-Milky Way. Kafushane, ukuba nalolu phiko olusha lwesayensi kube isibusiso kulo mphakathi ngenxa yesivuno esiyimpumelelo.
Izambulo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ze-cosmos ngenxa yezithombe zesibonakude i-Chandra
Umthombo: Google
Izithombe zesibonakude i-Chandra ziyigalari okufanele igcinwe enezehlakalo ezinhle kanye nokutholwayo endaweni yonke. Ngazo, ukufundwa kwezakhiwo ezithile kuye kwaqhubeka ngendlela efanele.
Ukubonakala Kwesandla SikaNkulunkulu
I-Chandra Space Telescope, ubambe iqhaza ekutholweni nasekuthathweni kwalesi sithombe. Ngokuqinisekile, kuyinsalela yenkanyezi ngemva kokuqhuma, yakhe i-nebula esesimweni se-gauntlet noma isandla. Njengamanje, ingesinye sezithombe zesibonakude sikaChandra esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu kugalari yakhe.
I-Cygnus X-1 enamandla
Itholakala kumlaza we-Swan, i-Cygnus X-1 ingenye yezimbobo eziningi ezimnyama ezifanekiswe ngu-Chandra. Ngokuvamile, imbobo emnyama kakhulu ibonakala ngokukhipha amandla amaningi. Okusho ukuthi, iwumthombo ocebile we-x-ray, ngakho ibonakala kalula ku-Chandra.
I-GK Persei edume
Ukwakha ingxenye engaguquki yomlaza omkhulu we-Perseus, i-GK Persei, ingenye yama-supernovae acwilisiwe. Kutholwe ngo-1901, Iyingxenye yegalari ekhethiwe ye-Chandra space observatory.