Sonnets of Sor Juana Uhlu the best futhi ethandwa kakhulu!

Izingoma ze-Sor Juana iwuhlu lwezingoma zemibhalo ezinokuqukethwe okucebile kobuhlakani futhi ngokuvamile zibhekisela ezihlokweni zefilosofi. Kuyiqoqo lokubhala elidlulisela umfundi ukuba acwiliswe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Siyabancoma!

Sonnet of Sor Juana

I-Sonnet ye-Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, kwaba ukudalwa kwendela yaseMexico okwathi kukho konke ukuphila kwayo yanikela ekuNgcwelisweni, kanye nasobuciko bokubhala, yaqashelwa njengomlobi odume kakhulu wenhlangano yobuciko be-baroque yaseLatin America.

Kulesi sihloko sizokwethula uhlu oluqukethe ama-sonnets angcono kakhulu futhi adume kakhulu ahlanganiswe ngu-Sor Juana, okuyizingoma zakhe zezinkondlo ezinhle, ozothi uma uhlangana nazo ujabule ngezakhiwo zazo zobunkondlo.

Ngezansi sikubonisa uhlu oluningiliziwe olunengxenye enkulu yama-sonnets, ukuze ukwazi ukujabulisa ingxenye yakho yezinkondlo.

I-Sonnet I - Ukuxhumana phakathi kokuthanda noma ukuzonda

I-Sonnet II - Esithombeni sakhe

I-Sonnet III - Lapho enikeza ukusola kokuziphatha ku-rose futhi kuyo kwabanye abantu

I-Sonnet IV - Kubaba uFrancisco de Castro

I-Sonnet V - Iphishekela isihloko esifanayo, futhi inquma ukuthi isizathu sinqoba ukunambitheka

I-Sonnet VI - Khetha ukufa kunokuba uzivelele entukuthelo yokuguga

I-Sonnet VII - To Hope

I-Sonnet VIII - Lapho enelisa izinsolo ngenkulumo yezinyembezi

I-Sonnet IX - Iqukethe iphupho elaneliseke ngothando oluhloniphekile

I-Sonnet X - Ikhombisa ukuzizwa iphoxekile ngokushayelwa ihlombe kwekhono layo

I-Sonnet XI - Ifundisa ukuthi ukuqashwa okukodwa othandweni kuyisizathu kanye nokulula

I-Sonnet XII - XII - Onganaki akafuni ukukhohlwa

I-Sonnet XIII - iSonnet eya kuMartin de Olivas

I-Sonnet XIV - Ilandisa ngokufanelekile ngenhlekelele kaPriam noThisbe

I-Sonnet XV - KuJulia

I-Sonnet XVI - Ku-Portia

I-Sonnet XVII - Ikhulisa isenzo sika-Lucrecia

I-Sonnet XVIII - Ngokukhetha kabusha intambo kunciphisa ubuhlungu bentshiseko

I-Sonnet XIX - Ukukhethwa kwesimo esiqinile kuze kube sekufeni kwenziwa kubize kakhulu ngobutha

I-Sonnet XX - Ngobuhlakani izama ukuphoqa umbono wokuthi ukungabikho kubi kakhulu kunomona

I-Sonnet XXI - Ukuzisola okufanayo kuyaqhubeka, futhi uthi, akufanele anyanye isifundo esinjalo esingafaneleki, ngoba engasenaso eseduze nenhliziyo yakhe.

I-Sonnet XXII - Indoda enomhawu ibhekisela osizini oluvamile wonke umuntu ahlupheka ngalo futhi ixwayisa imbangela yokuphela umzabalazo wokuthandana okungqubuzanayo ongaba nawo.

I-Sonnet XXIII - Yothando, ebekwe ngaphambilini esihlokweni esingafaneleki, isichibiyelo esigxilile sokuphenduka

I-Sonnet XXIV - Imiphumela ebuhlungu kakhulu yothando nokuthi, ngenxa yokuthi ayikhulu, ilingana nezingubo zalabo abababangelayo.

I-Sonnet XXV - Indumiso entsha yesenzo sika-Lucrecia

I-Sonnet XXVI - Ikhononda ngokudalelwa: uphakamisa ukwenyanya kwakhe okubi futhi uthethelela ukuzijabulisa kwakhe kumamyuziyamu

I-Sonnet XXVII - Ixazulula umbuzo owukukala okukhathazayo kakhulu ezincwadini ezitholakele, ukuthanda noma ukuzonda

I-Sonnet XXVIII - Kunkosikazi Enhle Kakhulu KaParedes

I-Sonnet XXIX - Umnyuziyamu waseMexico, indodakazi evelele

I-Sonnet XXX - Ukukhala nakanjani kugijima phambi kwalowo omthandayo

I-Sonnet XXXI - Inés, lapho bekuthethisa ngokuba yisixhwanguxhwangu

I-Sonnet XXIII - Nakuba usemncane (Teresilla).

I-Sonnet XXXIII - Inés, ngiyajabula ngothando lwakho

I-Sonnet XXXIV - Hamba noNkulunkulu (uBeatriz) ungumkhonyovu

USonnet XXXV - Yize ecabanga ukuthi (Nife) ukuthi anginangqondo

I-Sonnet XXXVI - Ukulahlwa ngonya olufihliwe, impumuzo enikezwa yithemba

I-Sonnet XXXVII - Incoma ngempumelelo yomculi osezingeni eliphezulu

I-Sonnet XXXVIII - Nakuba ngeze, ifuna ukunciphisa usizi lomuntu onomona ngendlela enengqondo

I-Sonnet XXXIX - Ngokufa kweNkosazana Enhle Kakhulu yaseMancera

I-Sonnet XL - Ukuchaza imbangela yokuvukela ...

I-Sonnet XLI - Ishayela ihlombe isayensi yezinkanyezi zikaFather Francisco Kino

I-Sonnet XLII - Ukhala ngakho konke ukushona kwe-Lady Marchioness yaseMancera

I-Sonnet XLIII - Lapho eduduza khona isiqephu esinomona sochungechunge lwezothando

I-Sonnet XLIV - Ngeke ngikwazi ukuba nawe noma ngikushiye

I-Sonnet XLV - Ngokufa kwe-Marchionness yaseMancera

I-Sonnet XLVI - Uphulukiswa ekuguleni okubi kakhulu, ngobuhlakani nge-Lady Virreina, uMarquesa de Mancera, ebonisa uthando lwakhe olukhulu ngisho nokuthuthuka kwakhe ekufeni.

I-Sonnet XLVII - Njengasogwini lolwandle lwe-crystalline

I-Sonnet XLVIII - Inikezwe uJoan

I-Sonnet XLIX – Jocoso, a la rosa

I-Sonnet L - Ichaza ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yothando

I-Sonnet LI - Kuyamangaza ukuthi ubhalele umama uJuana ukuze aphendule

USonnet LII – Lowo mama uJuana uphendule ngongwaqa abafanayo

I-Sonnet LIII - Ngokufa kweNkosi uPhilip IV

I-Sonnet LIV - Lapho imbongi igubha usuku lokuzalwa lomunye wabafowabo

I-Sonnet LV - Inkunzi ebulale ihhashi le-toreador knight

I-Sonnet LVI - Sibungaza Iziqu Zodokotela

I-Sonnet LVII - Dumisani kuBaba u-Baltasar de Mansilla weNhlangano kaJesu, umshumayeli omkhulu kanye nofakazi we-Lady Virreina, kokubili ukuhlakanipha nesizotha

I-Sonnet LVIII - Kumfundisi uBr. D. Diego de Ribera, umculi wokunikezelwa kwesonto lombhishobhi

I-Sonnet LIX - Kumpristi uBr. D. Diego de Ribera, umculi wemisebenzi ye-Viceroy Archbishop Don Fray Payo Enríquez de Ribera

I-Sonnet LX - Kumfundisi uLic. D. Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, phambi kwePanegyric yakhe yaseMarqueses de la Laguna

I-Sonnet LXI - Kumdwebo we-Our Lady, ngebhulashi elihle kakhulu

I-Sonnet LXII - Ku-Señor San José, ebhalwe ngokuya ngesihloko somncintiswano owawucela izingathekiso eziwuqukethe.

I-Sonnet LXIII - Lapho u-Saint Juan de Sahagún ephuza ukudla ibutho elingcwele ngoba uKristu wabonakala kuye ngokusobala kuyo.

I-Sonnet LXIV - Iminyaka yakho, Nkosi Enkulu, inqobo nje uma idlula

I-Sonnet LXV - Uthi awukhumbuli, Clori, futhi uqamba amanga

I-Sonnet LXVI - Inkosi Ephakeme Kakhulu yase-Hispanic

Sonnet LXVII - Esigwebo uPilatu asinikeza uKristu

I-Sonnet LXVIII - Ngokufa koMhlonishwa uMbusi waseVeragua

I-Sonnet LXIX - Ngokufanayo

I-Sonnet LXX - Ngesikhathi esifanayo

I-Sonnet LXXI - Kusuka ku-Divine Narcissus Table IV - uNarcissus

I-Sonnet LXXII – Yamadladla endlu Isenzo I – Ana

Izingoma zothando ezibunjwe uSor Juana Inés de la Cruz, anomkhuba obanzi futhi ohlukahlukene ezinkondlweni zothando zaseNtshonalanga, ezikhulisa izincwadi zesiGreki. Ngesitayela sakhe sobunkondlo, owesifazane ubekwe endaweni emaphakathi yemicimbi, okwenza ubuntu bomuntu ngamunye buphinde buzalwe bunohlu lwentokozo. Sincoma ukufunda isihloko esilandelayo Izinkondlo zeNkathi Ephakathi

Impela uSor Juana wayazi ukuthi umkhuba wePetrarchan wawuyini, ngakho-ke kukhonjisiwe ukuthi emisebenzini yakhe izici zezinkondlo zikaPetrarch ziyafinyelelwa, amasonethi akhe athinta inhliziyo ahlanganiswe nezinkondlo ezithuthukisiwe zezingoma zePetraquita. UJuana Inés udlulisela ngezinkondlo zakhe okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe okudlulele.

USor Juana wayenguthisha omkhulu wezwe lezinkondlo lama-sonnets, athola kumkhuba wamaSpanishi wabaqeqeshi abakhulu, kuhlanganise nezinye izimbongi eziningi ezidumile, zasePeninsula, mhlawumbe lezo zamakoloni zicatshangwa.

Ama-sonnet ka-Sor Juana ayazisa isiko elingcono kakhulu le nhlonhlo, futhi aqukethe ukunambitheka okuhlobene ne-New Spain. Ngaleso sikhathi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lesiko elalikhona ku-lathe lapho ibhala, imbongi yayibhekwa njengengcono kakhulu futhi eyayibusa kakhulu incwadi yezinkondlo yangalezo zikhathi, eyashintsha ngobuqili ukulingisa engakaze abe yisigqila.

Kuzo wakhulelisa ubuntu bakhe futhi waqondisa umphakathi waseNew Spain owawusuvele ujabulela abameli abakhulu nabancane abanjengalaba: izibalo zesonto zedolobha elikhulu, ama-hidalgos avela enkantolo ye-viceroyalty, izazi zesayensi, kanye nemvelo lapho yakhiwa khona. .umculo, izinkondlo, nokuthi wayelalela izingoma zikaKhisimusi ezihlalweni eziwubukhazikhazi, ukuthi wayehlatshwe umxhwele ukuphindwa kwenkundla yokunqoba kanye nemikhosi yezinkondlo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkondlo kwamanye amazwe, okuwuhlobo lomculo oluhlonishwa kakhulu ngalezo zikhathi, kwasungulwa ngamandla nangokweqile eMelika, njengoba u-Eugenio de Salazar ebonisa emlayezweni wakhe kuHerrera lapho esibonisa iziqondiso zomculo ezazibusa umhlaba. I-Spain Entsha:

Umama wethu waseSpain usevele esithumela                 

olimini lwakhe olukhulu ingcebo eyinkulungwane                     

okwenza leli zwe eliyinqaba licebe,               

I-Tuscany iphinde ithumele abahle                 

kusuka olimini lwakhe olumnandi kuze kube yile post                

futhi usevele ehamba eProencia kulokhu               

inkulumo yakhe enomusa iyaxhumana               

futhi uboleka ingxenye enkulu yesikweletu sakhe;                

kwafika nolimi lwesiGreki olucebile                   

kulezi zingxenye ezikude zayo:                 

futhi kuzo kukhonjwa futhi kukhuliswe              

I-Spain entsha...

Izwe lezinkondlo lapho uSor Juana azithola ehileleke khona, nalo elisuvele ligxile ebukhosini bakhe baseMexico, liyangenelela ebuntwini, libumba ukuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani nobunkondlo benkolo. Ungalazisa uhla lwetimu namazwi awatholayo emsebenzini wakhe, ukukhombisa izwe elisha elivezwe futhi elisungulwe ezandleni zowesifazane womdabu kanye nofundile, kanye nokuvezwa kukanembeza ukuthi ubungqayizivele bakhe njengombhali nobuhlakani. owesifazane ophethwe yisifo.

Ama-sonnets ka-Sor Juana ayehlale ekhona, ngenxa yokuthi umbhali wawo akakwazanga ukuyeka ukubhala, wahlala ezimisele ukuthwebula zonke izinhlobo zezingoma njengekhono lobunkondlo, kanye nokulungele ukufuna ukuqashelwa yiziphathimandla ezisemthethweni, ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwe-convent; umgomo wakhe, ukuzuza ukuqashelwa ngobuciko bakhe bokubhala.

Kuwo wonke ama-sonnet abhalwe yi-Sor Juana yezenkolo, kunama-sonnets othando angamashumi amabili nanye ahlukaniswa abe izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: ama-sonnet ayishumi emiqondo ye-orthodox kanye ne-heterodox eyishumi nanye. Kwesokuqala iqukethe izigaba eziyisithupha, kanti kwesesibili kukhona ezine kuphela; okusho ukuthi i-Sor Juana iprakthize emazwini akhe, ngaphakathi kwendikimba ethi "uthando oluvamile"; ngezindikimba eziyisithupha, kuyilapho iseqenjini lendaba ethi "heterodox" ezine kuphela, kodwa iqukethe ingxenye enkulu yamasonnethi, okungukuthi:

Imiqondo yobu-Orthodox yothando

Amasonethi afana nalawa:

Uthando oluphindiwe futhi olungonakali

ubuhlungu bothando obungalindele mvuzo

uthando olunengqondo

Ukungabikho

inkulumo yezinyembezi

Amandla Enganekwane

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-sonnet okwenziwa nguSor Juana kubukeka kuthakazelisa, futhi kulokhu sizokhuluma ngalolo oluhambisana nothando olubuyiselwe futhi olungonakali, lesi siqeshana sitholakala ngaphakathi kwezinombolo 169 no-183 zezinombolo ze-Méndez Plancarte, eziqondile. kule sonnet.

Lapho eveza khona, uFabio, igama lobudoda aqondise kulo iphimbo lakhe lobunkondlo, ubhekisela egameni lembongi elithandwayo lobudoda; ungabonga ukuthi uyohlale ekhona njengothandiweyo ngobukhazikhazi.

Kungabonakala ku-sonnet, umqondo onengqondo, ukuthi uphawu lomuntu siqu lwe-nun:

Ifundisa ukuthi ukuqashwa okukodwa othandweni kuyisizathu futhi kulula

UFabio: ekukhulekeleni kwabo bonke,                   

bonke bangobuhle abafisa ukuvelela,                  

ngoba banama-altare okungasebenzi                    

uma bengababoni begcwele izisulu.                  

 

Futhi ngakho, uma bethandwa ngomunye kuphela,                 

baphila ngeNhlanhla exakayo,             

ngoba bacabanga ukuthi ngaphezu kokuba muhle                

kwenza ubunkulunkulu okufanele bathandazelwe.                       

 

Kodwa ngikulesi silinganiso,                   

ukuthi lapho ngibona abaningi, ukunaka kwami ​​​​kuyafiphala,           

futhi nje ngifuna ukubuyiselwa              

 

yalowo oqoqa imali othandweni lwami;            

ngokuba ukuthandwa kungusawoti wokunambitha;                     

lokho kulimaza okushodayo nokusele.

Ku-quatrains yale sonnet, kubonakala ukuthi i-Sor Juana isebenzisa izwi lowesifazane, futhi ishintshana ne-yo tú yakudala, i-nun iveza okwenzekayo ngokujwayelekile: ibuza isimo sowesifazane semigomo, abesifazane ukukhonzwa ngamadoda amaningi; uma bethandwa indoda eyodwa, bakhala ngengcebo yabo becabanga ukuthi ubuhle babo abunandaba kangako, njengoba bufunwa ngabaningi, okubenza bazizwe bewunkulunkulu. Amagama athi “unkulunkulu”, “aras”, “izisulu” kanye “nokukhonzwa”, asihambisa esicini sezikhathi zothando lwasenkantolo.

Ngokuqondene ne-sonnet yothando engalindele umvuzo, kungafakazelwa ama-sonnet amathathu akhuluma ngezici ezihlukahlukene zothando lwenkantolo, oluveza ngothando oluphakeme.

Ngiyamthanda uLisi, kodwa angizenzisi                      

ukuthi uLisi ungibuyisela inhlawulo yami,             

Hhayi-ke, uma ngihlulela ubuhle bayo kungenzeka,           

ekuziphatheni kwakho nasekukhathazekeni kwami ​​ngiyacasula.             

Akukhona ukwenza, kuphela, yilokho engikwenzayo;             

Hhayi-ke ngiyazi ukuthi kufanele ubukhulu obunjalo            

akukho ukufaneleka okwanele, futhi kulula                   

ngenze into efanayo engiyiqondayo.            

Njengento engiyicabanga ingcwele kakhulu            

ubuhle bakho, ongafuni isibindi sami            

ukwethemba akuniki ngisho nokungena okuncane:                       

bese nginikeza injabulo yami kuye,                  

ngenxa yokungamboni esetshenziswa kabi,                   

Ngisacabanga ukuthi kwakungathi ngimbone owami.

Kule sonnet, ukumelwa okuphakeme kakhulu kothando kubonakala, lolo thando olunesizotha: uthando olukhulu kakhulu, yilolu olungalindeli lutho oluyimbuyiselo, elikufunayo ukusondela kuNkulunkulu. Umlobi uthatha izwi lesilisa: yi-troubadour eqondiswe kwisipho seProvençal, ebabaza uthando olungenakwenzeka, ngoba akakwazi futhi akazami ngisho nokuba nalo lolo thando.

Kusonethi yesibili yalesi sigaba kutholakala okulandelayo: Izakhi eziqinile zothando, futhi hhayi ngoba zizinkulu zifana nezingubo zalabo abalusungula.

Ngibone, Alcinus, ngiboshwe ngeketanga            

uthando, ngena ezinsimbini zakhe ziboshwe,    

ubugqila obubi, ukuphelelwa ithemba             

inkululeko, nenduduzo yabanye?      

Uyawubona umphefumulo ugcwele ubuhlungu nobuhlungu,

ubuhlungu ngezinhlungu ezinzima kangaka,              

naphakathi kwamalangabi aphilayo ashile                      

azahlulele engasifanelekeli isijeziso sakhe?         

Ungibona ngilandela ngaphandle komphefumulo umbhedo               

ukuthi mina ngokwami ​​ngakulahla njengento eyinqaba?    

Uyangibona ngichithe igazi endleleni

Ngokulandela izinsalela zenkohliso?            

Ingabe uhlonishwa kakhulu? Yebo, uyabona, u-Alcinus:                    

Imbangela yokulimala kwami ​​ifanelwe okwengeziwe.

Izwi lobunkondlo liyaziswa kule sonnet, okungowesifazane kuphela, okuvezwa isifuba sowesilisa, u-Alcino, avuma kuye usizi lwakhe lothando: iketanga, izinsimbi, ubugqila, ukuphelelwa ithemba nosizi olubangelwa uthando.

Lezi zinhlungu zibuyela emuva ekuhluphekeni okujwayelekile kothando lwasenkantolo, ukulandisa okuqhubekayo emavesini e-quatrain yesibili, okungukuthi: ubuhlungu, usizi, ukuhlushwa kanye nokuhawukelwa umphefumulo obuhlungu. Isithandwa sinamahloni ngokuhlupheka esikuthwele ngoba othandekayo unenani elikhulu kakhulu.

Manje, kukithi ukuthi sikhulume nge-sonnet Rational Love, ibhekisela empendulweni kaSor Juan kumuntu onelukuluku oveze ngokubhala isicelo sokuthi amphendule, ukuze indela yenza kanjalo, isebenzisa i-metrical efanayo. ongwaqa abasetshenziswa abalandeli bakhe.

Lokhu kubonisa izinga lesiko nobulula abantu bomphakathi waseNew Spain abakhuluma ngayo nendela edumile, kanye nokuzinikela okukhulu okwasala. USor Juana uphinde wabumba amanye amasonethi ngongwaqa abasunguliwe, abaxhunyaniswe nenombolo 181 ".Uthi awukhumbuli, uClori futhi uqamba amanga."

Ngokungangabazeki, umnumzane owamthumelela i-sonnet wayengumfundi okhuthele, okubonisa ukuthi amakhophi ombhalo wesandla wezincwadi zikaSor Juana athuthela phakathi kwabafundi abahlukene bemisebenzi yakhe, okwathi ngokuqinisekile banikeza imibono yabo phakathi kwabo, futhi ababenenkululeko yokuba nesithakazelo ngokuqondile. , ngakho bathumela izicelo kumlobi, njengakule ndaba.

I-sonnet yamanje elandelayo, iphakathi kwalabongwaqa abaphoqelelwe, okuyiyona yodwa engavezwa phakathi kwe-orthodox, ngokwezigaba.

Lowo mama uJuana waphendula ngongwaqa abafanayo

Akukhona nje ngokuthanda ukupha                  

ekukuthandeni, kuhle, angikwazanga              

umuntu izingubo zakho ezazimazi                    

ziphike ukuthi ufanelwe ukuthandwa.    

Futhi uma ukuqonda kwami ​​ngeshwa                    

ngakho angikwazi ukuhlangana nawe ngaphandle,             

ngenxa yephutha elibi kangaka angikwazanga                  

thola izaba kukho konke ukuzitshwa.   

Lowo obezokwazi wena,

noma kumele akuthande noma avume ububi

ohlupheka ngobuhlakani bakhe kulokho okuqondwayo,

ukuhlanganisa iziphetho ezimbili ezingalingani;

okufanele avume ngayo ukuthi uyathandwa, ukuze angakuniki ukulingana okunjalo.

Le sonnet, igcina izwi lesifazane futhi mina wena, ihambisana neqembu elibhekisela othandweni olunengqondo, njengoba incwadi ilubiza, luvela ezintweni ezifanelekile, ezivela ezingutsheni, ezixwayiswa kumuntu; Akukona mayelana "nothando ngokuthanda".

Kuyaphawulwa, umdlalo okhona ngamagama athi "ukwazi", "ubuhlakani" kanye "nokuqonda": unekhono lokubuka izipho nezingubo zesidalwa ukuze usithande.

Sekuyithuba lokukhuluma nge-sonnet Absence. Kusobala ukuthi imbongi ibumba izinhlelo ezihlukene zobunkondlo, ibhekise endikimbeni yokungabi bikho elokhu ingapheli ezinkondlo zothando kulo lonke uhla lwayo. Phakathi kwezinhlelo zayo zezingoma ezihlukene, iyona kuphela i-sonnet ekhuluma ngesihloko ekhona.

Kuphela ngobuhlakani obubukhali lapho ephoqelela umbono wokuthi ukungabi khona kuwububi obukhulu kunomona.

Ongekho, unomona, uyacasuka;                     

owokuqala ngozwela, owokugcina ngokuthukuthela;                  

uthatha icala angalibheki;                

futhi uyalizwa iqiniso alithintayo.                   

Lona uthukuthelisa, mhlawumbe, ukucasuka kwakhe           

lapho inkulumo evuna yena iduma,              

futhi ngaphandle kwekhefu uyabubula;              

Hhayi-ke, akukho ebuhlungwini bakhe i-apocalypse yamandla.              

Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kuhlukumeza ukubekezela kwakhe,                       

futhi lowo uhlushwa ukungalali kwakhe;                

lona umelana nobuhlungu,              

owokuqala uhlupheka ngaphandle kwakhe;                  

futhi uma kuyisijeziso somonakalo, ekugcineni, ukungabikho,     

 khona-ke ubuhlungu obukhulu kunomona. 

Kuyi-sonnet ehlanganiswe kumuntu wesithathu lapho uSor Juana ebonisa ukuthi yini embi kakhulu ezindabeni zothando: umona, ukungabi khona kothandekayo, noma ibanga.

Ezinye izinhlelo zomculo we-Sor Juana, ezibhekisela esihlokweni sokungabikho, zibonisa izici ezilandelayo: ukungabi khona njengobuhlungu obunamandla, futhi kuholela ekulangazeleleni ukufa, okufakazelwa "kusukela ngokuthi ngivalelise", kanye nethi "Divine my umnikazi”.

Khona-ke, sizobe sikhuluma nge-sonnet Rhetoric yasethafeni, ibhekisela kuma-sonnets amabili lapho i-Sor Juana ilandisa khona enye yezinto ezimangalisa kakhulu azoyibamba. Izwi mina nawe, kucatshangwa ukuthi ngelowesifazane, nakuba lingenakuqinisekiswa ngokohlelo lolimi:

Kulowo mbono omsulwa futhi omuhle kakhulu

imimoya iphuma iphila futhi ivutha;                   

nokwamukelwa ngamehlo ami.              

bayangidlulisela lapho kuzwakala khona ububi;                      

ngena endleleni kalula                     

ngeyami, nginyakaziswa ukushisa okungaka.                

baphuma kimi njengolahlekile.                      

ukubiza kwalokho okuhle okukhona

Kubonwa kuma-sonnets amabili, alandisa ngokushintshana kokubheka kanye nokuthi yini eqala "ukuvula" ukubuka komuntu othandekayo okhona: ukuvuswa kwenhliziyo "lapho ububi buzwakala khona" njengephuzu lomzwelo wothando, kanye nokusesha. ngokuba othandekayo, ohola inqubo yangaphakathi "yemimoya" yalaba ababili.

Kulesi sigaba sizobe sikhuluma nge-sonnet ye-Power of Fantasy, engenye yezingoma ezidume kakhulu ze-Sor Juana, futhi ubulungiswa bukhona kokuqukethwe kwayo:

Kuqukethe amaphupho owanelisayo anothando oluhloniphekile

Yima, isithunzi sokuhle kwami ​​okungafinyeleleki,                

isithombe sesipelingi engisithanda kakhulu,                

inkohliso enhle engifela yona ngenjabulo,               

inganekwane emnandi engihlala kuyo. 

Yebo kukazibuthe wokubonga kwakho okukhangayo                      

khonza isifuba sami sensimbi elalelayo,                   

Kungani ungenza ngithande ukuthopha                     

uma kufanele ungigcone lapho bese ubaleka?  

Kepha awukwazi ukuba ne-blazon, wanelisekile,               

ukuthi ubushiqela bakho bunqobe kimi:    

ukuthi nakuba ushiya isibopho esincane sebiwe   

ukuthi ifomu lakho elihle liboshwe,                

akunandaba ukuklolodela izingalo nesifuba                   

uma uqopha ijele iphupho lami

Ikhona kule sonnet, lapho uSor Juana ekhetha ngokusobala izwi lesifazane, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezabizwana wena nami. Amagama asetshenziswe ku-quatrain yokuqala njengokuthi: "isithunzi", "isithombe", "inkohliso", "inganekwane", izincazelo zesikole ezinomsuka wesiLatini, eziye zasetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni nengqondo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthi uyisebenzisela ukukhuluma nomuntu amthandayo.

USor Juan kufanele amnike udumo ngezinye izingoma zemibhalo, okweshumi kanye nesicwebezelisi, lapho ebhekisela emicabangweni ukuthatha isihloko sokungabikho: isithandwa, ngomcabango, ongasoze ahambe noma ngabe ukude kangakanani: kucwebezela kulandisa lokho. kuzoba"njalo ngicabanga ngawe/ngihlezi ngicabanga ngawe”, ukuguqula imicabango yefilosofi yale sonnet ehlotshaniswa nothando lwezenkolo ekucwebezeleni, lapho iveza: “Lapha emphefumulweni ngizobona / isikhungo sezinkathazo zami / ngamehlo okholo lwami: / lokho okuthandayo okucatshangwayo / futhi impumputhe uyayibona".

Imiqondo ye-Heterodox yothando

Kulo mqondo kukhona:

Okufanayo kutholakele

Uthando nenzondo

ukwephulwa kothando

Isikhathi sothando

Kulawa ma-sonnets, i-Sor Juana ichezuka kulokho okusungulwe yimigqa enikezwe uthando lwenkantolo futhi, ngobuchwepheshe obukhulu, kuPetrarchan, ikhombisa le mibono elandelayo: ihlanganisa uthando oluqondana namaqiniso, ngaphandle komuntu othandekayo uma ebona. ezifanele; wembula imizwa yakhe ebumbene yenzondo nothando kumuntu ofanayo, futhi kuholela eziphethweni mayelana nokuxakile; ubonisa uthando okumelwe lwamukelwe, ebonisa imizwa yakhe yecala, futhi eqinisweni eqinisekisa ukuthi uthando alulona olwaphakade, kodwa lungokwesikhashana.

Ku-sonnet Kutholwe ukuxhumana, esigabeni sokuqala kumayelana namasonnethi amathathu enkolo, futhi kusungula ukuthi ahlala emunye. Kulawa ma-sonnets amathathu, kukhona futhi umdlalo wamazwi obukhali, othambile futhi ohlakaniphile, obonisa ubuciko be-lithic be-nun, ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho ephenya izici zothando.

Xazulula indaba okuyisikhathi esingesihle kakhulu ezincwadini ezitholakalayo, uthando noma inzondo.

Ukuthi uFabio akangithandi, ezibona ethandwa,                   

Ubuhlungu obungenakulinganiswa ngomqondo wami:             

ngaphezulu, ukuthi uSilvio uyangithanda, uyazondwa,             

Kuwububi obuncane, kodwa hhayi intukuthelo encane.               

Yini ukuhlupheka ngeke ukhathele    

uma zizwakala njalo ezindlebeni zakho,               

emva kokuzikhukhumeza okuyize kothandekayo,             

ukububula okhathele kodelelwa na?                

Uma ukusebenza kukaSilvio kungikhathaza,               

UFabio ukhathele ukukhathala;                       

uma ngifuna ukubonga kuye,                  

omunye ungifuna ngokubonga:                     

ngoba ukuhlupheka kwami ​​kuyasebenza futhi kuyadlula,                    

Hhayi-ke ngihlupheka ngokuthanda nokuthandwa.       

Ku-sonnet ethi Uthando Nenzondo, kunezingoma ezimbili kulesi siqeshana, okungukuthi:

Lokho kunikeza izindlela zokuthanda ngaphandle kokudabuka

Angikwazi ukuba nawe noma ngikushiye               

Angazi ukuthi kungani, ngikushiya noma ngiba nawe,                  

kukhona engingazi ukuthi ngikuthandelani                     

futhi abaningi yebo ngiyazi ukuthi yini ukukukhohlwa.         

Awu, awufuni ukungishiya noma ukulungisa,            

Ngizoyithulisa inhliziyo yami ngenhlanhla                      

inxenye mayithambekele ekukuzondeni                 

Ngisho noma enye ingxenye ithambekele ekuthandeni wena.

Uma lokhu kungamandla okuthandana, ikhona indlela,                       

ukuthi wukufa ukuba nihlale nixabana;    

akusekho ukukhuluma ngokushisa futhi, ngokusola,         

futhi noma ubani onikeza ingxenye ayifuni yonke;                

futhi lapho usenza kimi,                  

Uyazi ngenza okungahlengiwe. 

Kule sonnet, ingqikithi yalokho okungaziwa ngokuthi "uthando oluyingxenye" ​​ikhona: umuntu akanakuba khona ngaphandle kokuba khona komuntu othandekayo, noma naye. Ngokufanayo, ithoni ehlakaniphile ingabongwa, kodwa, ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuzenzakalelayo, i-colloquial iyimodeli ephawulekayo, noma yimuphi umuntu waseMexico namuhla angayisebenzisa engxoxweni yabo yansuku zonke.

Olothando, olubekwe phambi kwesihloko esingafanele, luhlotshiswe ngokuchitshiyelwa kokuphenduka

Lapho ngibona iphutha lami nobubi bakho,             

Ngicabanga, uSilvio, ngothando lwami olungelona iqiniso,               

Bubi kangakanani ububi besono,                

indlela enamandla ngayo isifiso.

Enkumbulweni yami angikholwa                

lokho kungafanelana nokunakekelwa kwami                      

ulayini wokugcina odelelekile,                       

isikhathi sokugcina somsebenzi omubi.

Ngingathanda, lapho ngifika ukukubona,             

Ukubona uthando lwami olubi, ngikwazi ukuphika:             

kodwa-ke isizathu nje siyangixwayisa    

 

ukuthi iyalungiswa kuphela ekushicileleni;                    

ngenxa yecala elikhulu lokukuthanda,                    

Kuyadabukisa impela, vuma.

Imbongi ethi Sor Juana, inezinye izingoma ezixhumene nendikimba, njengokungabibikho okuphetha ngokukhohlwa, lokhu kuphenduke kube ukwehluka, okusho ukuthi, ukuhlukaniswa kwezithandani, "kulahlwa" abaphilayo. Kwamanye amalungiselelo akhe umuntu uthola ukukhohlwa okuseduze nothando “noma usizi noma ulaka”: “Ubani ongakuthandi lokho kukhohlwa, unikeze uthando oluncane kangaka, lokuthi ubani ohamba eyokuqala, kowesibili esondela?

Kule sonnet Temporality of love, imbongi ibhekisela "ekungavunyelwa kothando": ukukhiqiza kabusha, noma ukuphenduka, ukuhlukanisa isiphetho sothando, lapho eveza khona ukuthi uthando alushintshi kuze kube phakade.

Izifanekiselo zeSonethi ze-Sor Juana

Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi uSor Juana, phakathi kwezingoma eziningi zezinkondlo, unezingoma ezithathwa njengezifanekiselo ekuqoqweni kwakhe kwemibhalo, esingabala phakathi kwazo:

Lokho kududuza isiqephu esinomona sochungechunge lothando

Kuyi-sonnet eyakhiwe amavesi ayishumi nane obuciko obukhulu kumvumelwano, ngokuvamile ama-hendecasyllables, futhi ngamasethi ama-quatrains amabili nama-triplets amabili. Indela, inekhono lokukhombisa kule sonnet, inhlanhla uthando olunayo lapho umona, eshukunyiswa yizinkanuko kwasekuqaleni, elugoqa futhi azivumele ukuba adonswe. Kuzwakalisa umona ayenawo ngenxa yokwesaba ukulahlekelwa isithandwa sakhe, baba yiqiniso lokulahlekelwa nguye.

Khononda ngenhlanhla: ubonisa ukwenyanya kwakhe okubi futhi uthethelela ukuzijabulisa kwakhe kumaMuses

Kule sonnet, iphimbo lobunkondlo libhekene nezwe, ngokugabisa kwalo kanye nenkohlakalo. Ngenxa yalezi zishoshovu, abukho ubunzima obungase bube khona ezincwadini zokugcina: imali nobugugu bekungaba yini ngaphandle kokuqonda?

Iqukethe izinto eziyinganekwane ezinothando oluhloniphekile

I-reverie yothando ikhona kule sonnet. Aluvezi nje uthando njengobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, kodwa njengokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kakhulu. Uthando lwaphezulu alukwazi ukuyengeka, nokho luyabonakala.

Amadoda ayiziwula niyawasola

I-sonnet edumile, enesihloko esithi "Iziwula ezikumangalelayo...", ibhekisela ku-redondilla, okusho ukuthi i-sonnet yezigaba ezakhiwe ngamavesi amane obuciko obuncane obunongwaqa, elokuqala elokugcina nelesibili nelesithathu. Kuboniswa kule sonnet, okukhethekile kangangokuthi imbongi, ibuza isikhundla samadoda kubesifazane.

KuKristu eSakramenteni eliNgcwele, usuku lwesidlo

Kuyi-sonnet, lapho isisho se-lyrical romance sifinyelelwa ukuze sibhekane nohlu lwamavesi, ngokuvamile ama-syllables ayisishiyagalombili. Lawa masonnethi anemvumelwano ye-assonance ngamabili, kuyilapho angajwayelekile azimele.

Kungabonakala kulolu thando, ukuthi uthando oluphakeme lukhona kanjani, kulokhu kuKristu, lwenziwa i-Ekaristi. Khona-ke, ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu uSomandla, obuphilayo futhi obukhona kuMthendeleko, buyindlela yokuba khona kothando oluphelele oluphakamisa futhi oluthethelela ubukhona.

Ngemva kokwazi uhlu olukhulu lwezingoma zika-Sor Juana, futhi ngokuningiliziwe eziningi zazo ngokuba zibalulekile emazwini ale nun, sizokwenza kwaziwe ukuthi yayingubani le ndelakazi eyazinikela ekuthwebuleni ngesandla sayo siqu, izitatimende ezifanayo kangangokuthi kwaphawula ukuphila kwakhe nokuba khona kwabafundi abaningi.

Biography of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz

UJuana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana, owaziwa ngokuthi uSor Juan de la Cruz, wazalwa ngoNovemba 12, 1648, edolobheni laseSan Miguel de Nepantla, State of Mexico, Mexico.

https://youtu.be/EqExgGAynPU

Uyise, uPedro Manuel de Abaje y Machuca, ukaputeni waseBasque, odabuka eVergara, Guipúzcoa, owayeshadile, nalapho ehlangana no-Isabel Ramírez de Santillana de Cantillana, yekapixtla, idolobhana elisesifundeni saseMorelos eMexico, bahlangana futhi bakhulelwa amadodakazi amathathu. Ukuba nguJuana Inés wesibili emadodakazini ale nyunyana. Babengahlanganiswanga emshadweni.

Ochwepheshe abaningi nabacwaningi ngale ndaba abakacacisi imbangela eyathinta uSor Juana, lapho eseyaziwa njengendodakazi engekho emthethweni, ngoba abazali bakhe babengahlangene ngaphansi kwesakramente lomshado, nokho, bathi ezikhathini eziningi le ndaba yahlala. engadalulwanga nguye.

Ebuntwaneni bakhe wayeyingane ehlakaniphile enobuhlakani obuvelele, lapho eneminyaka emithathu waqala ukudweba imibhalo yakhe yokuqala ngendlela yama-doodle, futhi lapho eneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, wabhala izinkondlo.

USor Juana wayehlala ingxenye enkulu yobuntwana bakhe ePanoayan, epulazini likamkhulu wakhe ozala umama, endlini kwakukhona umtapo wezincwadi omkhulu futhi ogcwele izinto eziningi lapho uSor Juana ayehlala efuna izincwadi azozifunda, ngakho kulinganiselwa ukuthi isikhathi campus ukuthanda kwakhe ukufunda kwazalwa, kanye nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakhe.

Ebuntwaneni bakhe, uSor Juana wagqama ngokuba intombazane enamakhono amakhulu obuhlakani, eqala lapho eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, efunda ukufunda nokubhala, futhi lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala waba nomusa wokuthwebula udumo lwakhe lokuqala lweSakramente Elingcwele. yaqanjwa ngama-sonnet ngeSpanishi nangesiNahuatl, ulimi olwafundwa lapho ehlanganyela nezigqila nge-hacienda kamkhulu wakhe amthandayo.

Ngonyaka ka-1659, wathuthela nomkhaya wakhe eDolobheni laseMexico, lapho ahlala khona emzini ka-anti wakhe uMaría Ramírez noJuan de Mata, umyeni ka-anti wakhe.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngo-1663 no-1665, uSor Juana udunyiswa ngamakhono akhe nobuciko bokubhala, ngaphezu kokuhlakanipha kwakhe okuhlakaniphile nolwazi olukhulu, lokhu kuyamsiza ukuthi angene enkantolo yeViceroy Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, uMarquis de Mancera nomkakhe. , uViceroy Leonor de Carreto.

Phakathi naso sonke leso sikhathi, i-Sor Juana yayine-Viceroy njengomvikeli wayo, okwamvumela ukuba athuthukise amakhono amakhulu okubhala, ukuthwebula ama-sonnets nezinkondlo, eziningi zazo ezazithunywe.

Kusukela esemncane, uSor Juana unquma ukungena esigodlweni, ekhetha ukuba nempilo yenkolo, esikhundleni sokuzinikela emshadweni, ngokombono wakhe, ngaphakathi kwesigodlo waqhubeka nokufunda ngaphandle kwemingcele.

Ngo-1667, uSor Juana wangena endlini yezindela yaseCarmelite, okwadingeka kamuva ayishiye ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo. Kodwa, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wangena nakanjani ohlelweni lukaSaint Jerome, lapho ahlala khona ekamelweni elilodwa nelikhululekile.

Njengoba ekuloluHlelo lukaSaint Jerome, uDadewethu uJuan, unamathuba amahle okuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe, ucwaningo lwesayensi, ukuzinikela ekubhaleni, ukuhlela izingoma, ukuthwebula imidlalo, futhi wakwazi nokuvakashelwa abangani bakhe, lapho ebambe khona isikhathi eside. izingxoxo nabanye ongqondongqondo nezimbongi, kanye nokwenza eminye imisebenzi. Yayiningi kangangokuthi ekamelweni lakhe wakwazi ukwakha umtapo wolwazi obalulekile.

Phakathi kwabalingiswa abamvakashele, uCarlos de Sigüenza de Góngora, isihlobo sikaLuis de Góngora, owayenethonya elikhulu kubuciko bakhe bokubhala, angaqokonyiswa, angabonakala kuma-sonnets akhe nemisebenzi yezinkondlo.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwendela uSor Juana Inés de la Cruz, baqala ukuhlupheka ngokushona kwabangane babo abakhulu, ukuvukela kwezenhlalo kwe-New Spain, kanye nokuba khona kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezaqeda izimpilo eziningi.

Ngenxa yalezi zenzakalo, uSor Juana wayelahle ubuciko bokubhala ukuze anikele isikhathi sakhe esigcwele empilweni engaqondakali. Ngendlela efanayo, wahamba wayosekela abanye ayehamba nabo esigodlweni sezindela, esiza labo ababengenwe isifo sekholera esijezisa zonke izakhamuzi.

Ukufa kwammangaza uSor Juana de la Cruz, ngolunye usuku ekuseni ngo-April 17, 1965, eneminyaka engu-43 ubudala, ngoba wayengenwe yilolu bhubhane. Wangcwatshwa ngalo lolo suku, futhi umcimbi womngcwabo wandulelwa umngane wakhe omkhulu uCarlos de Sigüenza y Góngora.

Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ukuqashelwa kwakhe kwaphakanyiswa ngezincwadi zakhe, kubhekwa njengenye yezibonakaliso ezinkulu kakhulu ze-baroque ephawulekayo yekhulu le-XNUMX kanye ne-Spanish Golden Age, okusho ukuthi igama lakhe lazuza izinga elibalulekile endaweni yezincwadi. yaseNew Spain.

Umsebenzi wakhe

USor Juana unikele impilo yakhe ekubhaleni uchungechunge lwemisebenzi, eshiya enjabulweni yabafundi abaningi ulwazi lwakhe olubanzi, ubunjiniyela, namakhono obuciko bokubhala. Kuthiwa imisebenzi eminingi eyabhalwa uSor Juana yayingenxa yemisebenzi eyathunywe abantu abahlukene. Izincwadi zakhe ezihlukahlukene zikhethekile ngenxa yentshiseko enkulu yezingxabano zakhe, ngenxa yesimilo sakhe esicacile, ikhono lakhe lokuhlaziya izindaba eziphathelene nothando, ukuvikela abesifazane, ukusebenzisa ngokuhlakanipha izinsiza zokubhala, iziqu, iziphetho, phakathi kwezinye eziningi.

imisebenzi yakhe yaseshashalazini

Emidlalweni yakhe, i-Sor Juana igqame ngokubhala amahlaya lapho ukuzinikela nokunakekela okukhulu kwabonakala khona ukukhiqiza izinto ezibambekayo kanye namaphutha ezindabeni zakhe.

Imizamo yendlu: ihlaya elakhiwe ngokudumisa ama-farces amabili. Ichazwa njengenye yemisebenzi ehlakaniphe kakhulu ezincwadini zaseLatin America, eyakhiwe nguSor Juana. Ekugcineni, ikhuluma ngezifiso ezihlulekile zendela, umlingiswa owaziwa ngamandla akhe kanye nobunzima imibhangqwana ebhekana nayo ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke.

Uthando lukhulu kakhulu

Kuyinto yamahlaya, ebhalwe ngokusekelwa indela uJuan de Guevara, owaqeda ingxenye yesibili yomsebenzi, ingqikithi inokuqukethwe kwenganekwane. Ukwethulwa kwalo msebenzi kwenzeka emigubhweni yokuthathwa kwesekela likaGaspar de la Cerda Mendoza, ngonyaka we-1689.

Izimoto zesakramente

Imbongi ethi Sor Inés, yazinikela ekuthwebuleni amasakramente amathathu ezimoto, wumdlalo wenkolo okhethekile, owajutshwa uvela eMadrid. Lezi zincwadi zithola iziqu zokuthi: Umfel’ ukholo, Intonga kaJosé kanye nethi The divine Narcissus.

Izinkondlo

USor Juana Inés de la Cruz, owesifazane obonise ikhono lakhe lokusankondlo ngemvelaphi evelele kanye nobumnandi ukuze babaze uchungechunge lwakhe lwezindikimba zempilo, uthando, ukudabuka kwenhliziyo nobungane.

Incwadi yakhe enesihloko esithi Iphupho Lokuqala, okuwukuphela kwencwadi eyabhalwa ugqozi lwakhe, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1692. Ikhonjwa njengenkondlo ende eyakhiwe imigqa engama-975. Okokuqala ngiphupha, inkondlo lapho uSor Juana egcizelela isidingo sokuba abantu bathole ulwazi futhi bajabulele amakhono amakhulu okufunda.