Kule post sizokhuluma nge amahlathi anomswakama, okuyisigaba esikhethekile se-ecosystem enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezitshalo, ezinemininingwane yazo, futhi eziqashelwa ngokuba nesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinemvula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
amahlathi anomswakama
Phakathi kwe izinhlobo zehlathi, amahlathi anomswakama athatha ngaphansi kuka-7% womhlaba, kodwa cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zihlala kuwo, okuhlanganisa izilwane nezitshalo ezaziwa emhlabeni.
Lawa mahlathi atholakala ezindaweni eziseduze nenkabazwe kanye nezindawo ezishisayo, ngakho akhona emazwenikazi anjengeNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika kanye neziqhingi zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Injalo indaba yaseCongo e-Afrika; ihlathi elinomswakama laseMexico, ihlathi elinomswakama laseNew Guinea.
isimo sezulu sasehlathini esinomswakama
Isimo sezulu samahlathi anomswakama siyashisa futhi sinomswakama, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba izitshalo zikhule kakhulu, hhayi nje ngobukhulu, kodwa nasezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo. Izimvula kulolu hlobo lwehlathi zihlala njalo, unyaka wonke futhi zifinyelela ku-2000 mm ngonyaka. Amazinga okushisa alolu hlobo lwe-biome ngokuvamile aphezulu kuno-18° C futhi anoshintsho oluncane. Amazinga okushisa aphakathi nonyaka aphakathi kuka-25° C no-27° C.
Lezi zimo zenza amahlathi anomswakama abe i-ecosystem enesizini eyodwa unyaka wonke. Imvamisa, inhlabathi yawo ayinazo izakhamzimba, ngoba izimvula ziyawakhukhula ngendlela ebizwa nge-ferralitization.
I-Strate yehlathi elinomswakama
Ngaphakathi emahlathini anomswakama kunezigaba noma izingqimba ezihlukene ezakhiwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo eziphakeme ngendlela eshiyanayo, okuyingxenye yezitshalo. Izinhlobo Zezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo. Phakathi kwazo singathola:
- Okwakhiwa yisikhunta, amagciwane kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezikhishwe izilwane nezitshalo. Ivamise ukuba mnyama ngombala, ngoba ayikutholi ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi inomswakama kakhulu. Kukhona indawo lapho izilwane ezincelisayo namagundane zihlala khona futhi sizothola izimpande zezitshalo nezihlahla.
- Kulolu ngqimba yilapho sizothola khona izihlahla, izihlahla zezinhlobo ezincane kanye nezihlahla ezincane ezingezona izinhlobo ezinkulu. Kuyindawo futhi okuhlala kuyo izinyoni nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinambuzane. Kubuye kube yindawo emnyama, kodwa lapho imisebe yelanga ingena khona, okwenza izitshalo zikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi we-photosynthesis.
- Yindawo lapho kutholakala khona iziqongo zezihlahla eziningi zasehlathini nalapho kuhlala khona izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo.
- I-Over-canopy noma indawo ephuthumayo. Yakhiwe yizihlahla ezinde emahlathini anomswakama, Ingakhula ibe ngamamitha angama-60.
ihlathi lemvula
Njengoba sesibonisile kakade, amahlathi anomswakama ahlukaniswe abe yizingqimba ezihlukene noma ama-strata okusatshalaliswa phakathi kwezilwane nezitshalo zawo. Izihlahla ezinkulu zikhuphuka zifuna ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke kuvamile ukuthi iziqu zazo zibe zinde kakhulu futhi ziqonde. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezihlahla nezitshalo zamahlathi anomswakama zilondoloza amaqabunga azo unyaka wonke, yingakho ihlathi elihlala liluhlaza. Emahlathini anomswakama ungathola izihlahla ezifana nomsedari obomvu, i-ceiba noma i-mahogany eyigugu kakhulu.
Esikhaleni esingezansi leso esikhulu uhlaza lwasehlathini, kulapho kuchuma khona ama-bromeliad, ama-liana, ulele, ubulembu, ama-fern nama-orchid. Ungathola futhi izihlahla ezincane, ezifana nokhokho, i-rubberwood, i-soursop, i-cocoa rose noma i-cocoa ngokwayo.
Izilwane zamahlathi anomswakama
Ngenxa yokunotha kwezitshalo kanye nezimo zezulu, izilwane zamahlathi anomswakama nazo zigcwele injabulo futhi zihlukahlukene futhi zingatholakala kuzo zonke izingqimba ezakha ihlathi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kanye neqoqo lezilwane kugxilwe phakathi kwekilasi lezilwane ezingenamgogodla, njengamabhungane, izicabucabu, izikelemu, izintuthwane nezinambuzane.
Kulesi simo semvelo samahlathi anomswakama ungathola futhi izakhamuzi ezincelisayo ezifana ne-raccoon, i-anteater kanye nenkawu; izinyoni, phakathi kwazo kungenzeka ukugqamisa i-parakeet eluhlaza, i-toucan yasebukhosini noma ukhozi olulodwa; kanye nokuhlukahluka okubanzi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nezilwane ezihlala emanzini njengezinhlanzi, amaxoxo nama-boa constrictors.
Izibonelo zezitshalo zamahlathi anomswakama
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlala kule amahlathi anomswakama, singathola okulandelayo: ubhanana, umsedari, i-mamey, i-bromeliad, ama-ferns, ama-orchid, ikhofi, i-heliconia, i-oil palm, i-mahogany, i-jasmine, i-passionflower, i-raber, i-lianas noma izitshalo ze-pitcher.
Izibonelo zezilwane zamahlathi anomswakama
Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala kuzo kulolu hlobo lwemvelo, singathola: isikhova, i-mamba, ilulwane, ingwenya, inkawu yesicabucabu, izinyamazane, iguana, i-jungle morrocoy, i-python, i-jaguar, i-tsetse fly, ixoxo elinoboya, upholi, umiyane. kanye nomuhlwa.
Njengoba sesishilo, i- izihlahla zehlathi nezilwane yiziphi Izici ze-Ecosystem luningi, kodwa futhi lusesilinganisweni esiyingozi, ngenxa yemisebenzi nemikhuba yokuxhashazwa komuntu ngokwezentengiselwano, esibeke engcupheni eziningi zalezi zinhlobo esizibalile.
