La ishidi lombhede Yaziwa njengenye yezinto eziphilayo ezishisa kakhulu futhi ezinhle kakhulu, inezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane kanye nenani elincane lezitshalo, kodwa lokho akuphazamisi ubuhle nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwalesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo. Funda konke mayelana nale ecosystem enhle! Lapha nje.
Iyini i-savannah?
Lena insimu eyakhiwe amathafa amakhulu futhi inezihlahla ezimbalwa, lezi zaziwa nangokuthi izindawo ezinotshani obushisa kakhulu.
El i-savannah biome Kuyimodeli ye-bioclimatic, ihambisana nezindawo ze-biotic, ezinekhava elinganiselwe, ngamanye amazwi ngenxa yokuthi zinenani elincane lezihlahla noma, ngokuhluleka lokho, ezimbalwa ezinazo zincane ngosayizi.
Ziyizindawo ezakhiwe izimfunda nezihlahla ezibanzi ezineziqu ezinkulu, ezinye zinde kakhulu kanti ezinye ezincane, yizona lezo ezivame ukwenzeka kulezi zindawo zesimo sezulu esifudumele, zingamathafa angapheli anezimila ezimangalisayo ezingaminyana kakhulu.
Okusho ukuthi, indawo ebonakala ngesimo sezulu esomile nesomile, ngakho-ke izitshalo zayo ziyindlala kakhulu futhi zisakazeka ngokungalingani, imindeni emikhulu yezihlahla ayikaze yakheke eduze komunye nomunye.
Zivame ukwakhiwa ngenxa yezici eziningana, njengomlilo, inhlabathi, isimo sezulu, kanye nezinye izici ezingaba nomthelela ekubunjweni kwalezi zinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezimangalisa emehlweni omuntu.
Izici ze-Savannah
Abhekwa njengenyunyana yamahlathi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani, lapho indawo yalezi zitshalo zisezindaweni ezomile ezinoshintsho lwenhlabathi namahlathi. Zimelela izindawo ezinhle nezimane nje ziwumbukwane phambi kwamehlo omuntu, njengoba umuntu ehlale ejabulela ukucabanga ngobuhle bazo obukhulu, nakuba lezi ngokuvamile zihluka kuye ngezwe atholakala kulo.
Izici ze-ecosystem zizoncika ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zendawo, uhlobo lwezitshalo, iqoqo lezilwane ezihlala endaweni kanye nezinga elihlukile lokushisa noma ukubanda elilondolozayo. Eziningi zalezi zaziwa ngokuthi izindawo ezinotshani obushisayo, ngenxa yokushisa ezikuzwayo.
Ngokwezinkathi zonyaka, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwalawa ma-biomes (anemibono emangalisayo), ngokuya ngemvula yawo kanye nenhlabathi engaphakathi kuwo, singathola okulandelayo:
- okungezona isizini: Izindawo ezinemvula eningi, kodwa inhlabathi empofu kakhulu ngoba inesihlabathi.
- zonyaka: Ngokugeleza okuhle kakhulu emazweni ayo aminyene kakhulu futhi angawabeki amanzi.
- hyperseasonal: Izindawo ezimanzi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi zizungezwe imifula Iphansi lobumba nokugeleza okunensayo, nakuba kome kakhulu ngenxa yobumba oluningi oluqukethe.
Indawo
I-Las amashidi atholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo futhi ashisa kakhulu, anendawo eningi, etholakala ezindaweni ezomile ezishisayo.
Ezibaluleke kakhulu zitholakala kuso sonke isifunda sase-Afrika, ngaphezu kwalokhu singathola ezinye ezishisa kakhulu emazweni afana neNdiya, i-Australia neNingizimu Melika, enezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu eziseColombia, Brazil naseVenezuela.
Izinhlobo Zamashidi
Lolu hlobo lwe-ecosystem luhlukaniswa ngokwendawo yalo emhlabeni, ngezimila zalo kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezihlala kuyo, lungabuye luhlukaniswe ngokwesimo sezulu kanye nendawo enayo. Izinhlobo zimi kanje:
- I-savannah yaseMedithera: Lezi zitholakala kuyo yonke i-hemisphere yasemhlabeni futhi zinezinga lokushisa elingasogwini elinesimo sezulu esingaphansi kogwadule, izwe lazo alikhiqizi izitshalo eziningi, empeleni liyindlala kakhulu, izilwane ezitholakala kulezi yizindlovu, izindlulamithi, amabhubesi, phakathi kwezinye eziningi. .
- I-Intertropical Savannah: Lolu hlobo lwama-savannah lutholakala ezandisweni phakathi kwezindawo ezishisayo ezimbili, azivamile ukubonakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwazo, isibonelo esivame kakhulu yilezo zamazwe ashisayo. Izwekazi lase-Afrika, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi iSerengeti etholakala eTanzania. Njengoba kunenhlabathi engavundile futhi eyome kakhulu, lapho yomile cishe unyaka wonke, ngezikhathi zonyaka line imvula.
- I-Mountainous Savannah: Lezi zitholakala ezandisweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ezinezindawo ze-alpine kanye ne-subalpine, emazweni ahlukene, i-Afrika ingenye yamazwe lapho itholakala khona kakhulu, ezintabeni zayo, ngenxa yalokhu lina izikhathi eziningi, inenani elikhulu lama izilwane nezimila.
Isimo sezulu
Indawo ezungezile ishisa kakhulu unyaka wonke, phakathi kwezici zayo sithola inkathi yonyaka enemvula kanye nomswakama ophezulu, okungukuthi, ihlobo, kanti enye inesomiso esikhulu kwenye ingxenye yonyaka, ehambisana nobusika. .
- Ziyizindawo ezifudumele, kodwa zinemijikelezo eyomile kakhulu.
- Ngokufutheka okumaphakathi ngenyanga ka-17 Cº.
- Isilinganiso semvula ngonyaka ka-750 no-1300 mm.
- Okungenani izinyanga ezi-5 zonyaka zomile, ngesilinganiso esingaphansi kuka-100 mm ngenyanga.
- Ngezinga lokushisa lesomiso elihlangana nenkathi ebanda kakhulu.
- Isilinganiso sezikhathi zemvula siyahlukahluka unyaka ngamunye, okungukuthi, aziphikeleleki njalo ngonyaka.
- Iminyaka enemvula eningi, yandisa ukukhula kwezitshalo ezikwazi ukwenza ugodo lwezihlahla ezimboza yonke into futhi zigcwalise izimfunda ngobumnyama, lapho kunemvula encane, amakhambi akhula futhi aqhubeke phakathi nesomiso.
i-savannah flora
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu, phakathi neminyaka le flora iye yamelana ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene noshintsho lwesimo sezulu osekunesikhathi eside ibhekene nakho.
Isikhala esikhulu kunazo zonke e-savannah sakhiwe ngama-prototypes ahlukene wezitshalo, lapho ungathola khona utshani, ama-Rhodes amakhambi, ama-Bermuda herbs, utshani belamula, phakathi kwabanye. Singathola inani elikhulu lezihlahla ezisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke i-savannah enkulu, phakathi kwazo kukhona i-jackalberry, i-acacia kanye ne-baobab.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQv7w9wTjSg
Singathola izitshalo ezinezimpande eziningi, izandiso noma iziqu, ezivame ukuba zinde kakhulu futhi zijule kakhulu, okuvumela ukufinyelela okungcono kumaminerali nezakhi ezivela ku-sediment, siphinde sithole imbewu enamandla kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eMpumalanga Afrika, amashidi ziyaphawuleka ngenxa yobuningi bezihlahla zomtholo abanazo kanye notshani olwaziwa ngokuthi indlovu, ngoba ukukhula kwazo kungafana nobukhulu bezindlovu ezinokuphakama okungafika kumamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama futhi zimila ezindaweni ezihlala e-Afrika, eduze nendawo. enhle I-Lagunas nemifula ekhona kuleso sifunda.
Emathafeni ase-Afrika singathola nezinhlobo ezithile zezihlahla ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Baobab, ukukhula kwazo zingafinyelela kumamitha angu-80 ubude futhi ziphila izinkulungwane zeminyaka njengezihlahla zikagamthilini, ezibonakala ezindaweni ezifudumele zamazwe afana ne-Australia. .
Izinhlobo Zezitshalo
Kulezi zindawo utshani obuningi bezinhlobo ezahlukene namakilasi buyazalwa, isibonelo i-Aristidia, i-Astreba, i-Triodia, i-Achnopogon, ne-Louditia, iyisici sase-Australia. Amakhambi akhula amade kakhulu, angafinyelela kumamitha amabili ukuphakama, anenani elikhulu lembewu, yingakho ezala ngobuningi.
- Izihlahla ezihlukene azinazo izihlahla ezisafufusa, zinezihlahla nezihlahla ezihlakazekile, namasimu anezihlahla eziningi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zigcwele ukucaca emahlathini azo.
- Ezicini zayo singathola amaqabunga abunile, ngenxa yesomiso, izimpande zawo ziqinile futhi zijulile, amaqabunga awo makhulu.
- Ezinhlotsheni zayo singathola, i-Acacias, i-Albizia, phakathi kwezinye.
I-Savannah Wildlife
Kuhle ukukwazi ukubuka izilwane ze-savannah yase-Afrika, ziphila ngenjabulo kuyo ngoba inani elikhulu lamakhambi nezihlahla ezinakho ziyadliwa izilwane futhi ngokuvamile lezi zibonakala ngokuba nomndeni omkhulu kakhulu.
Phakathi kwezilwane ezihlala lapho singathola amadube, izindlovu, izinkonkoni, izinsephe, izindlulamithi, inyathi, izintshe nezilwane ezidla ezinye zingatholakala.
Ngokujwayelekile izilwane ezihlala emathafeni zihamba ziyimihlambi, njengoba nje kunezinyoni eziningi ezinamaphiko abanzi futhi ziwasebenzisa ekuhambeni kwazo okude kanye nezilwane eziningi ezinemilenze emide kakhulu futhi enamandla, njengezindlovu.
Inani elikhulu lezilwane ezizingelayo nazo zingatholakala zizulazula ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini njengamabhubesi, izingulule, izingwe, izimpisi, izimamba ezimnyama nezinja zasendle.
Zonke izilwane ezidla uhlaza njalo zithola indlela yokugwema ukuhlangana nalezi zilwane ezidla ezinye, zigweme ukuba yisidlo sazo esilandelayo, isibonelo; intshe nensephe zisebenzisa ukuhamba kwazo ngokushesha ukuze zibalekele lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye.
Endabeni yendlulamithi, isebenzisa ubude bayo ukuze ikwazi ukuyibona ikude futhi kanjalo ikwazi ukubaleka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindlovu zisebenzisa amandla azo amakhulu nobukhulu bazo ukuze zizixoshe, konke ukuze zigweme ukuhlangana nazo ezingafunwa. .
Ngokufanayo, izilwane ezidla inyama ezihlala e-savannah zinezimo zazo zokuhlala kuwo, isibonelo; Ingulule iyisilwane esisheshayo emhlabeni, igijima amakhilomitha angaba ngu-70 ngehora futhi uma ifuna ukuzingela ukudla kwayo ilwa ngobuchule ize ikwenze.
Amabhubesi nezimpisi zivame ukuphuma ziyozingela ukudla kwazo ngamaqembu noma imihlambi, zilinda isikhathi esifanele ukuze ziphumelele ukuhlasela inyamazane yazo.
Iqiniso elimangalisayo lokuthi kungani izilwane ezihlukahlukene ezidla uhlaza zihlala e-savannah, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zidla noma yiluphi uhlobo lotshani olutholakala kuzo, ngale ndlela zikwazi ukondla futhi zingaphila iminyaka eminingi futhi zizalane, isibonelo; Esavannah e-Australia kuhlala isilwane esaziwa ngokuthi i-koala, esidla amagatsha kagamthilini futhi sigibele ezihlahleni ngezinzipho zaso ezinkulu.
Ezilwaneni ezidla inyama siyabona ukuthi amandla azo nobukhulu bazo obukhulu buzisiza ukuthi zihlale ziphila futhi zinempilo kulesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo, isibonelo salokhu ibhubesi. Sengiphetha, kungathiwa kunohlobo oluthile lokuzwana phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ezidla uhlaza ezihlala lapho.
Izindawo ze-savannah, ngokwemibono yochwepheshe kule ndaba, ziqinisekisa ukuthi ama-savannahs angenye yemibono emihle kakhulu futhi emangalisayo ekhona emhlabeni, afanele ukucatshangelwa ngobuhle bawo futhi ungathola kuwo. izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezilwane zezinhlobo ezahlukene, kanye nethafa elimangalisayo nelihle.
