Idatha enikezwe i-European Environmental Agency ithi u-80% wamanzi ahlanzekile esiwadlayo avela emifuleni nasezindleleni zamanzi ezingaphansi komhlaba. Iqiniso elisivula amehlo ngaphambi kokubaluleka kokunakekelwa nezinga lemifula yethu neminye imithombo yamanzi. Namuhla, sizogxila futhi sikhulume ngezinye zemifula ebaluleke kakhulu eYurophu. Sizokwazi amagama abo, izici zabo eziyinhloko nokuthi ngeke sizame kanjani ukukwazisa ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokugcina amanzi ethu ehlanzekile.
Inethiwekhi ye-hydrographic yezwekazi laseYurophu ibanzi kakhulu, ngoba kunemifula ebaluleke kakhulu. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi imifula ebaluleke kakhulu yileyo egeleza kakhulu, kodwa akudingekile ukuba kube njalo. Lezi zindikimba zamanzi zinomlando ngemuva kwazo futhi zingaba izindlela zomnotho emindenini eminingi, njengoba impilo ivame ukwakheka eduze nalezi zindawo zamanzi.
Uyini umfula futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona?
Umfula uqondwa njengenqwaba yamanzi agelezayo asuka lapho azalelwa khona aye endaweni yomlomo wawo, futhi angase abe omunye umfula, ulwandle noma ichibi.. Imifula ehlukahlukene ingahlukaniswa, ngenxa yokugeleza kwayo. Lokhu kungaba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kuye ngezingxenye ezakha umfula. Zingakhuphula ukugeleza kwazo ngenxa yemvula, iziphethu noma i-sepage, i-meltwater noma ukugeleza komhlaba.
Kunezingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile ezingahlukaniswa emfuleni. Owokuqala yi- izindawo eziphezulu, ingxenye lapho umfula uzalwa khona. Yindawo lapho amandla okuguguleka aphakeme khona, kanye nalawo ezokuthutha. Ingxenye yesibili yi- inkambo ephakathi, sikhuluma ngendawo lapho umthambeka unwebeka khona futhi uncipha. Kulokhu kukhona futhi umsebenzi wokuguguleka kanye nezokuthutha kanye nenhlabathi. Ekugcineni sikhuluma inkambo ephansi, indawo yomfula lapho ungabona khona umthambeka omncane kanye nesivinini esincane samanzi awo. Kule ndawo, izinsalela ebizithutha ziyafakwa futhi uma zifika endaweni yomlomo zingakha i-delta noma ichweba.
Wakhiwa kanjani umfula?
Ukuna kwemvula yikho okubophezelekile ekungeneni kwamanzi ezitsheni ze-hydrographic.. Umswakama onqwabelana emafwini uyofinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba ngendlela yamazolo, imvula, inkungu, iqhwa noma isichotho. La manzi awelayo aba ukudla kwemifula yethu.
La manzi emvula aphinde ahlungwe emhlabathini, enze amanzi angaphansi komhlaba.. Lolu hlobo lwamanzi lutholakala ezindaweni ezaziwa ngokuthi ukugcwala kwamanzi, agcinwa futhi aphuma ngezimbotshana noma imifantu inhlabathi ngokwayo enayo. Uma ukugeleza kwamanzi kuwela lezi zindawo ezigcwele amanzi, amanzi agcinwe ngaphakathi eza phezulu futhi aqale ukuba yingxenye yokugeleza komfula.
Imifula ebaluleke kakhulu eYurophu
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwalolu shicilelo, i Inethiwekhi yemvelo yaseYurophu ye-hydrographic ibanzi kakhulu, kunemifula kuyo okufanele ngempela ukuvakashelwa, hhayi nje ngenxa yobuhle bayo kodwa nobuhle bayo obukhulu.. Ukuhamba ngokuthola amagumbi amasha omhlaba futhi nokwazi imifula ebaluleke kakhulu eYurophu, iqiniso liwukuthi iyigugu.
Esikunikwa yimvelo ngumama yinto engeke ichazwe ngamagama. Izindawo, izindawo, nemibono emangalisayo okufanele siyinakekele futhi siyijabulele. Qaphela lamagama alandelayo esizokukhomba wona, ngoba ngeke nje ubuke ubuhle bemifula kodwa namadolobha ewela kuwo, indlela entsha yokuhamba esikulethela yona.
Umfula iVolga
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Kuleli phuzu lokuqala sikulethela i Umfula iVolga yiwo omude kunawo wonke ezwekazini laseYurophu ubude obuyi-3700 km. Umfula, ebalazweni singabona ukuthi amanzi awo anqamula indawo yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Indawo eyazalelwa kuyo itholakala eValdai Hills, indawo ephakathi kweMoscow neSt. Petersburg, futhi inomlomo wayo oLwandle iCaspian. Umfula okwazi ukuzulazula ngaphandle kwenkinga cishe ubude bawo bonke.
Umfula iDanube
Ithatha indawo yesibili yomfula omude kakhulu eYurophu ngobude obungama-2860 km. Phakathi kohambo lwakhe olude unqamula amazwe ayi-10 ahlukene kanye nezihloko ezi-4 ezinjengokuthi; I-Vienna, iBratislava, iBudapest neBelgrade. Inomthombo wayo eJalimane, ikakhulukazi eHlathi Elimnyama futhi igcina igelezela oLwandle Olumnyama, lapho ifika kuleli qophelo yakha i-delta yomfula egcwele izitshalo nezilwane ezahlukene, ibhekwa njengendawo yokulondoloza imvelo, evikelwe ngayo. . .
Umfula i-Rin
Njengoba ubude bamakhilomitha angu-1233, sibhekene nomfula omude kunawo wonke waseYurophu ogelezela ezindaweni zaseNorth Sea.. Kulezo ezicishe zibe ngu-1300 km ubude, isamba esingama-833 singahamba ngokugcwele, kusukela edolobheni lase-Basel eSwitzerland kuya lapho i-delta yakheka khona oLwandle Olusenyakatho. Umthombo walo mfula, singawuthola e-Swiss Alps futhi udabula ezindaweni ezihlukene njengeLiechtenstein, e-Austria futhi wakha umngcele phakathi kweFrance neJalimane, futhi lapho ufika eNetherlands, ukugeleza kwawo kuhlukaniswe amagatsha amabili, kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa khona. iphuzu lapho igcina khona
Seine emfuleni
Ungumfula odume kakhulu waseFrance futhi ungomunye wemifula ebaluleke kakhulu eYurophu. Ingu-776 km ubude futhi iphakathi kwezintathu ezinde kakhulu ezweni. Umfula iSeine uzalelwe e-Cote d'Or futhi uhamba amakhilomitha angamakhulu uze ufinyelele emlonyeni wawo, i-English Channel. Idolobha elidumile emhlabeni wonke iParis, lathuthukiswa osebeni lwemifula futhi lingenye yezindawo eziheha izivakashi ngaphandle kwe-Eiffel Tower noma iLouvre.
UMfula iTagus
Lo mfula mude kunayo yonke eSpain futhi unqamula endaweni yethu ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-1000 ubude. I-Tagus, inomthombo wayo eSierra de Albarracín esifundazweni saseTeruel futhi ngemva kwe-1008 km yayo igcina igeleza e-Lisbon, echwebeni laseMar de la Paja. Inqamula imiphakathi ehlukene ezimele yaseSpain efana ne-Aragón, iCastilla La Mancha, iMadrid ne-Extremadura. Nezifundazwe eziyisithupha zaseSpain sezizonke; Teruel, Guadalajara, Cuenca, Madrid, Toledo kanye neCáceres.
UMfula iThames
Akuyona enye yezinde kakhulu esizozisho kulolu hlu, ngoba "kuphela" inamakhilomitha angu-346, kodwa singabonisa ukuthi iyingxenye yemifula ebaluleke kakhulu eYurophu. Umfula iThames useningizimu yeNgilandi futhi ungomunye obaluleke kakhulu ezweni njengoba uwela i-Oxford neLondon. Izalelwa eziNtabeni zaseCotswold futhi igcina igelezela oLwandle Olusenyakatho, lapho kwakhiwa khona umfula kanye negama layo elifanayo.
Umfula i-Ebro
Umfula ongowesibili ngobude ezweni lakithi, njengoba ngaphambili uneTagus. Ungumfula obaluleke kakhulu eSpain uma sicabangela labo abazalwa, bageleza futhi baphele endaweni yaseSpain. Ngemva kokudlula emiphakathini eyisikhombisa ezimele; I-Cantabria, i-Castilla y León, i-Basque Country, i-Navarra, i-Aragón ne-Catalonia. Umthombo walo mfula usePico Tres Mares eCantabria futhi ugelezela eMedithera ukha i-Ebro delta eyaziwa kakhulu.
umfula elbe
Umfula wesibili omude kakhulu ogcina ugelezela eNorth Sea. Lo mfula uphakama enyakatho yeCzech Republic endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1400. Inengqikithi yamakhilomitha ayi-1165 ubude ukusuka emthonjeni wayo oseZintabeni Ezinkulu, ize ifike emlonyeni wayo oLwandle Olusenyakatho. Phakathi nohambo lwayo inqamula eCzech Republic naseJalimane.
umfula loire
Lo mfula siwuthole eFrance, okuyiwo omude kunawo wonke ezweni onamakhilomitha angu-1020 ubude. Izalelwa eNtabeni iGerbier de Jonc endaweni emaphakathi neMassif futhi igcina igelezela e-Atlantic. Isigodi salo mfula sithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yosebe lapho ungabona khona izinqaba nezigodlo zasendulo ezisukela phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX.
Umfula Po
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Ngaphakathi kwendawo yase-Italy, lona umfula omude kakhulu ongatholakala unamakhilomitha angama-652.. Iqala eCottian Alps, eNtabeni iMonviso, futhi igijima amakhulu amakhilomitha ize iyofika emlonyeni wayo oLwandle i-Adriatic. Ngemva kokudlula emadolobheni abalulekile anjengeTurin, iPiacenza, iCremona neFerrera.
Kukhona eminye eminingi, imifula yaseYurophu esingaqhubeka siyiqambe futhi siyihlukanise njengebalulekile ngezizathu ezahlukene. Kodwa kulolu hlu oluncane, besifuna ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi eziyinhloko.
Umkhondo wethu wemvelo ungaba yingozi kakhulu kulezi zindawo ezinkulu zamanzi. Izenzo ezehlukene esizenzayo emakhaya ethu nangaphandle kwazo zingadala ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Kufanele sigweme ukungcoliswa kwemifula, amachibi namadamu njengoba kuyiwona mthombo wemisebenzi ehlukene esiyenzayo ukuze siyisebenzise ekhaya nasezimbonini.
Kafushane, sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zindawo ezinhle aziqhubeki nje zigcina ubuhle bazo kodwa nezinga lamanzi azo. Siphetha lokhu okuthunyelwe ngokukutshela lokhu ngoba kancane kancane, sibhubhisa impilo yeplanethi yethu, into ebalulekile kithi kokubili nasekusindeni kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kokubili izilwane nezitshalo.