Ukuthengiswa kwempahla, yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho kukho konke lokhu okuthunyelwe, lapho uzokwazi ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi lo mqondo uyini nakho konke okushiwo. Ngakho-ke siphakamisa ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi sihloko.
Ukuthengiswa kwempahla
baqonde umqondo we ukulungiswa kwezimpahla Kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma udinga ukuzitholela le nzuzo, ungaxazulula noma yisiphi isimo ngaphandle kokungena emacaleni abizayo. Lapho kwezinye izimo cishe wonke umuntu egcina elahlekelwe kusukela kumthengi ongenisa kuhulumeni.
Ukwenziwa ngokujwayelekile kokuthengiswayo okuvela kokwamanye amazwe kunquma ukuthi akuthobeli imithetho lapho kufakazela khona ukuthi lokhu okuthengiswayo kuhanjiswe ezinqubweni zokungeniswa kwakho ngokomthetho. Kulokhu-ke sizothinta udaba lokwenziwa njalo uma kuphuma ekuhlolweni kweziphathimandla.
Umthetho weCustoms
Ukuze siqonde lolu daba kufanele sikhulume nge-athikili 101 yoMthetho Wentela, esitshela ukuthi kufanele sibe nenketho yokumisa ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe okuphethwe yinoma yisiphi isihloko nokuthi ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene ayinayo imibhalo edingekayo noma engekho. ikhishwe ngendlela efanele. Futhi lokho ngenxa yalokho kuthathwa ngokuthi bangeniswa ezweni ngaphandle kokwenza imicikilisho ye-custos clearance.
Ngakho-ke, ngendlela efanayo, lo mthetho uhlanganisa inzuzo yokwenziwa njalo kwalezo zimpahla ezidlule isikhathi sokubuya ezimeni zokungeniswa kwesikhashana kwamanye amazwe. Ngokufanayo, lo mthetho uthi kufanele sikhansele iminikelo kanye nezimali eziyisinxephezelo ezihambisana nenqubo yokuhlela lokhu okuthengiswayo.
Ukwengeza, kufanele sithobelane nemithethonqubo engeyona yentela kanye nemikhawulo esebenzayo ngaphandle kokubandlulula ukwephulwa komthetho nezijeziso ezingase ziqhubeke lapho iziphathimandla ziqala ukuqinisekiswa. Futhi ukuthi umkhokhi wentela ubonile ukuthi lokhu ngeke kukhiphe izinhlawulo okufanele azikhansele.
Imithetho Ejwayelekile Yohwebo Lwangaphandle
Kulokhu kufanele sihambe ekulawuleni i-2.5.1 yeMithetho Ejwayelekile Yezohwebo Zangaphandle ngo-2018 lapho kukhiqizwa khona imibuzo eminingana, mayelana nokufundwa kwalo mthetho, kanye nesicelo kanye nokuhumusha ukuthi igunya linikeza okufanayo ngesicelo sakho.
Ukushiya abangenisa ezweni kanye nabathengi bezimpahla ezisuka kwamanye amazwe nochungechunge lokungabaza, okungase kube yimbangela yokungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili. Phakathi kokungabaza okuhlobene ne ukulungiswa kwezimpahla, singakhomba okulandelayo:
I-invoyisi
Ezimeni lapho okuthengiswayo kungenayo i-invoyisi efakazela ubunikazi bokufanayo, iziphathimandla zezwe ezinamandla emali engenayo edidiyelwe kanye nama-ejenti wentela, beza bezolungisa isikhalazo okufanele sithobelane ngokuqinile nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Unethuba lokuzikhokhela wena ngokwakho, okusho ukuthi umuntu onokuthengisa kufanele enze i-invoyisi yemikhiqizo edinga ukwenziwa njalo. Njengoba le nqubo ivunyelwe ku-athikili 3.1.7 ye-General Rules of Foreign Trade, nakuba ingacacile, kodwa ngamagama ayo ingachazwa ngokucacile ngokuthi umphakeli abe kazwelonke.
- I-invoyisi evela kumnikezeli wangaphandle kufanele yethulwe njengendlela kuphela yokwenza isicelo, noma singekho.
- Esahlukweni III, esigabeni sokuqala soMthetho Wentela, inani linqunywa ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ezithile ezitholakala ku-athikili 71 yaleli zinga futhi kuvezwa idokhumenti elibonisa lokho.
Ukunquma noma ukuzinqumela kwezinhlawulo
Phakathi kwezibopho lo mthetho onazo iwukwazisa ngedokhumenti yamahhala phambi kweziphathimandla ezihambisanayo ngentshisekelo yokungenisa ngempela impahla ethengiswayo, lapho inani lenhlawulo elizoqhubeka noma licele ukunqunywa okufanayo kuyodingeka linqunywe. . . Lapho ezimeni zokuzinqumela kuzofanele kubhekwe okulandelayo:
- Uma umuntu onentshisekelo ehambisa amanani futhi isiphathimandla singasenzi isitatimende ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kusukela ngesikhathi saziwe, uma lokhu kungenzeki, kuyaqondakala ukuthi isinqumo besivuma. Okungase kulungiswe kuphela ngokuhlolwa kokulimazayo.
- Kulokhu, inkambiso ayikhombisi ukuthi yiziphi izakhi okufanele sizethule ukuze sisekele ukuzikhethela, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ezimweni eziningi iziphathimandla zezwe ezididiyelwe ziza ukuzokwenqaba amanani, okubonisa ukuthi amanani ayenziwe ihaba futhi awamukelwa. . Njengomphumela walokhu, isikweletu sentela siyanqanyulwa okufanele kuxoxwe ngaso.
Futhi ezimeni zokunqunywa yiziphathimandla, okulandelayo kufanele kucatshangelwe:
- Uma kukhulunywa ngokubhekana nemishini ngisho nalapho iNqubo Yokuphatha Ezindabeni Zentela ikhombisa ukuthi lokhu okuthengiswayo kuyasetshenziswa nokuthi kunedatha yokwazi ubudala bayo ngochungechunge nezinombolo zemodeli, iziphathimandla kufanele zenze umbono wokulinganisa kucatshangelwa izimpahla. afanayo kodwa asanda kuthunyelwa, okushintsha kakhulu lawa manani.
- Lokhu kuqhathanisa kwenziwa ngezimpahla okuthiwa ziyefana ngaphandle kokunikeza zonke izici ukuze kufinyelelwe kulesi siphetho futhi ngaphandle kokwazi ukufana okutholakele ukuze kufinyelelwe kulesi siphetho.
- Kufanele futhi sikhulume ukuthi uMthetho Wezamasiko ufika ukuzocabangela ukwephulwa komthetho, okuhambisana nokuntuleka kokugunyazwa ukuthi izimpahla zihanjiswe ezinkambisweni ezihlinzekwe emthethweni, ukuze zingeniswe endaweni kazwelonke.
- Lapho kukhulunywa ngenhlawulo engu-70 kuya ku-100% yenani lempahla futhi lapho bekhululiwe ekukhokhweni kweminikelo yohwebo lwangaphandle, inhlawulo isuka ku-130 kuya ku-150% yenani lentela engazange ikhishwe. .
Kubalulekile ukuthi lesi sinqumo kungaxoxwa ngaso lapho iziphathimandla zazi khona amanani okufanele kubalwe ngawo lezi zinhlawulo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kwenziwe, kufanele kube nesizathu esiqinile nesishukumisayo sokuvikela amalungelo okukhokha okuhambisanayo.
Isikhathi sokukhokha inhlawulo
Njengenye yezidingo zokuqhubeka nenqubo yokujwayela okuthengiswayo, ukuthi izinhlawulo ezisetshenzisiwe kufanele zikhanselwe. Nokho, iyehluleka ukukhomba:
- Kungasiphi isikhathi lapho lezi zinhlawulo kufanele zikhokhwe, uma kungaphambi kokwenza isicelo noma ngemva kwalokho. Okungukuthi ezimweni eziningi ama-ejenti wentela afika azocela ukuthi akwazi ukuqhubeka nenqubo yesicelo, ngaleyo ndlela aqedele isikhathi abanaso.
- Uma ukungakhokhwa kwalezi zinhlawulo kuwumbandela wokuchitha isicelo esiceliwe, uma kwenzeka singakhokhelwa, iziphathimandla zingasebenzisa amandla azo ukuziqoqa.
- Futhi elinye icala liwukuthi kuyadingeka ukukhokha izinhlawulo ukuze ukhiqize ukunyakaza okuhambisanayo, ngoba lesi simo asicatshangelwa kunoma yimuphi umthethonqubo futhi ngenxa yalokho akufanele kudingeke. Yini, njengoba kungekho mbandela othize, ingaveza izincazelo ezihlukene.
Ngokucabangela lokhu osekushiwo ngenhla, ukuthi ngokomthetho kusukela ngesikhathi uletha idokhumenti lapho uzwakalisa intshisekelo yakho ekwenzeni ukuthengiswa kwempahla, lapho umkhokhintela ezoba nesikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingama-20 sokwethula isicelo lapho ukungenisa okuqondile kugunyaziwe. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuze kufike ekuvezeni ukuthi ngemuva kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi, inzuzo yokwenziwa njalo izolahleka.
Kodwa uma kuqondwa ukuthi lesi sikhathi sisetshenziselwa ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele mayelana nokuthengiswayo, akubi yimpahla yomgcinimafa jikelele. Kanye nokuthobela zonke izinkokhelo nemithethonqubo esebenzayo ngaphezu kwenkokhelo yenswinyo ehambisanayo.
Ngemuva kwakho konke osekushiwo kakade, isibalo sokuthengiswa kwempahla siyindlela evumela ukulungisa isimo ngendlela engcono kakhulu, kokubili komkhokhintela kanye nombuso. Kodwa ukuthi ngokungabi nemibandela ecacile emaphuzwini ahlukahlukene, lesi sibalo siyamoshwa futhi sidala izinkinga ezingase ziholele ezinkantolo eziphikisanayo.
Kodwa akuwona umqondo, lapho ezikhathini eziningi umbuso ungagcini ngokuqoqa izimali ezihambisana nawo ngokusemthethweni, usebenzisa amacala angalungile futhi ngaleyo ndlela athinte umqashi ngokuqondile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ngaleso sikhathi enza iphutha futhi ehlose ukulungisa inkinga, kufanele anikezwe amathuluzi acacile ukuze alifeze ngaphandle kwezihibe noma isikhulu esingaphazamisa lolu hlelo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amachweba amakhulu emhlabeni? Kusixhumanisi esilandelayo uzoba nolwazi oluningi ngakho Amachweba amakhulu emhlabeni.
Yiziphi izimo lapho ukuthengiswa kwempahla kungenzeki khona?
La ukulungiswa kwezimpahla ayikwazi ukwenziwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Lapho lokhu okuthengiswayo sekungene ezweni ngaphansi komthetho wesikhashana wokungenisa ezweni.
- Noma lapho iziphathimandla zentela ziye zathola lokho okweqile noma lapho umkhokhi wentela eselungise lokho okweqile ngemva kokuba iziphathimandla zimnike umyalelo wendlu.
Ubani ongathola ukwenza ngokujwayelekile impahla yendabuko yakwelinye izwe?
Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezithengiswayo kungenziwa ngokulandelayo:
- Noma yimuphi umuntu ophethe ezandleni zakhe okuthengiswayo okudabuka kwelinye izwe futhi okwethulwa ezweni ngaphandle kokukhokha izintela ezihambisanayo nezinkokhelo zesinxephezelo.
- Izinkampani ezifika zizongenisa okuthengiswayo ngezinqubo zokuhlola lapho zisuka khona.
- Noma uma izimpahla zingeniswa kwamanye amazwe okwesikhashana yizinkampani eziqinisekisiwe, ezingase zikwazi ukuzenza ngokujwayelekile ngemva kokwedlula isikhathi sesikhashana sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe noma zingenise ngaphandle kwalesi sibalo.
Hlobo luni lwezimpahla ezingahle zenziwe njalo?
- Amathuluzi
- Izinsimbi.
- Ifenisha.
- Imishini.
- Phakathi kwabanye abaningi.
Okuthengiswayo kwenziwa kanjani ngokwejwayelekile?
Ukwenziwa njalo kwe okuthengiswayo Kufezwa ngokwethula incwadi yezikhalazo lapho zingeniswa khona ngaphandle ngokuqiniseka ngokukhokhwa kweminikelo kanye nezimali zesinxephezelo ezingase ziqhubeke. Ngemuva kokuhambisana nemithethonqubo kanye nemikhawulo engeyona intela.
Injani le nqubo yokuthengisa ngokujwayelekile?
Phakathi kwezinqubo okufanele zenziwe, singabala okulandelayo:
- Kufanele wenze ukugunyazwa ngenqubo efanele yesikhalazo sokungenisa ezweni.
- Lesi sicelo kufanele sikhonjiswe ehhovisi lentela elikhethwe umthengi ongenayo.
- Idokhumenti kufanele yengezwe efakazela ukuhambisana nezibopho ngokwemithethonqubo kanye nemikhawulo engakhokhisi.
- Uma ezithengiswayo zingaphansi kwezimvume, isiginesha ye-elekthronikhi ebonisa inani eliphelele noma ingxenye yale mvume izophawulwa kusikhalazo.
- Inkokhelo kufanele yenziwe ngesheke elivela ku-akhawunti yomthengisi.
- Akudingekile ukwethula okuthengiswayo emasikweni.
Kubalulekile ukuthi labo abenza ngokujwayelekile ukuthengiswa okuvela kwamanye amazwe, kuyodingeka ukuthi kukhavwe ngesicelo esinesitifiketi sebhokisi lasebhange, kanye nokutholwa kwenkokhelo iminikelo kanye izimali zesinxephezelo. Njengoba lo mbhalo uqinisekisa ukuthi imikhawulo yentela nemithethonqubo iyathotshelwa.
Kuvidiyo elandelayo ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nalolu daba lokwenziwa njalo kwempahla yemvelaphi yangaphandle. Ngakho-ke ngikumema ukuthi uyibuke ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalo mqondo futhi wabelane ngawo nabangani bakho.