Namuhla sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ukuqinisa okungekuhle, ukuthi ihlanganisani, yikuphi ukungafani kwayo ngokuqiniswa okuhle, futhi uma kufaneleka ukukusebenzisa ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuphila kwethu.
Kuyini ukuqiniswa okungekuhle?
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika nesazi sefilosofi, uBurrhus Frederic Skinner, ongowokuzalwa edolobheni laseSusquehanna, ePennsylvania, wenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokusebenza kwengqondo okusekelwe ekuziphatheni komuntu.
Ku-Skinner, ukusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqiniswa okuhle nokubi kubalulekile ukuze kulungiswe ukuziphatha komuntu, noma ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuthile, noma ukukuqeda.
Ithiyori yokuqinisa eyethulwa ngu-Skinner, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-operant conditioning, igxile ekuchazeni ukuziphatha komuntu njengomphumela wemvelo kanye nezisusa ezisizungezile.
U-Skinner waphikisa ngokuthi ukuqinisa okuhle nokubi kungasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokusiza ukuguqula, ukukhulisa noma ukuqeda ukuziphatha okuthile kumuntu ngamunye.
Ukuqiniswa okuhle yilawo avela ngemva kokuziphatha okuthile, futhi lowo muntu akubheka njengokwanelisayo noma okuzuzisayo.
Isibonelo sokuqiniswa okuhle yileso sikamama onikeza ingane u-ayisikhilimu ngoba iqede umsebenzi wayo wesikole ngesikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi ingane yenze umsebenzi wayo wesikole ngesikhathi esikhathini esizayo.
Namuhla sizozinikela ukuhlaziya ukuthi yiziphi ukuqinisa okungekuhle, liyini ukusetshenziswa kwalo ekuguquleni ukuziphatha, futhi futhi, sizokunikeza izibonelo ezithile ukuze ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa esikhathini esizayo.
Yiziphi ama-negative reinforcements?
Okokuqala, kufanele sikucacise ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe ukuqinisa okungekuhle kanye nesijeziso, nakuba abantu bevame ukucabanga ukuthi bayafana.
Uma sikhuluma NGENZA umsebenzi ongajabulisi njengempendulo ekuziphatheni okuthile, sikhuluma ngokusobala ngesijeziso. I ukuqinisa okungekuhle SUSA isenzo esingajabulisi esiwumphumela wokuziphatha okufunayo.
Ngokungafani nokuqinisa okuhle, lapho kuthathwa khona isenzo ukuze kuqiniswe ngendlela egculisayo, ukuqinisa okungekuhle ifuna ukuguqula ukuziphatha ngokususa umphumela lowo muntu awubheka njengomubi.
Uma esikhundleni sokunikeza ingane u-ayisikhilimu uma eqeda imisebenzi yakhe ngesikhathi, umama ofanayo esibonelweni sangaphambilini unikeza esikhundleni sokumthethelela ekusizeni ukugeza izitsha ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa, usebenzisa ukuqiniswa okungalungile.
Le ndlela yokuqinisa, eqeda umsebenzi wansuku zonke ingane ewuthola ungajabulisi, iphumelela njengokumnika u-ayisikhilimu ukuze aqedele umsebenzi wakhe wesikole. Mayelana nokuguqulwa kokuziphatha, zombili izindlela ziphumelele.
Esinye sezici zokuqiniswa okungalungile ukuthi azinaki izinqubo zengqondo. Njengamanye amasu asuselwe ekuziphatheni, ukuqinisa okungalungile kusebenzisana nokuziphatha kwabantu ngabanye, futhi kuziba ngokuphelele izinqubo zabo zangaphakathi.
Okulandelayo, sikumema ukuthi ubukele ividiyo elandelayo lapho ithiyori ka-Skinner yokuqiniswa okuhle nokubi ichazwa ngendlela elula nenemininingwane.
Izibonelo zezicelo zokuqiniswa okungekuhle
El ukuqinisa okungekuhle kungaba yithuluzi elisebenza kahle kakhulu lokushintsha noma lokuqinisa ukuziphatha; Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isebenza kakhulu uma isetshenziswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuziphatha.
Lolu hlobo lokuqinisa alwenzeki kuphela lapho umuntu onegunya ecindezela umsebenzi ongemnandi njengokuqiniswa kokuziphatha okufunayo.
Kungase futhi kwenzeke ngokuzenzakalelayo, lapho umuntu enquma ukwenza isenzo, ukugwema okuthile okungajabulisi, okungase kudaleke ngenxa yokungakwenzi.
Nazi ezinye izibonelo ezisebenzayo ezizokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuthi yiziphi iziqinisekiso ezingezinhle, kanye nezinye zezicelo zazo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezimpilo zethu.
Izicelo endaweni yomndeni wethu
- Uma ufuna ingane yakho ihlanze igumbi layo njalo ngempelasonto (ukuziphatha), unganikela ngokusika amaqabunga egcekeni ngamaSonto (i-aversive stimulus).
- Umyeni unquma ukugeza izitsha ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa (ukuziphatha), ukugwema izikhalazo zomfazi uma izitsha zingcolile (i-aversive stimulus).
izinhlelo zokusebenza emsebenzini
- Umdayisi okwaziyo ukuqedela umgomo wakhe wokukhokha enyangeni (ukuziphatha), uyokhululwa ekuhlanganyeleni osukwini oluhleliwe olukhethekile lokuhlanza i-warehouse (i-aversive stimulus).
- Umsebenzi unquma ukushiya ideski lakhe lihlanzekile futhi lihlelekile ekupheleni kosuku (ukuziphatha), ukugwema ukuthethiswa umphathi waso ngakusasa ekuseni (i-aversive stimulus).
Sikumema ukuthi ufunde umsebenzi wethu ku ubuthakathaka bomuntu siqu, njengoba kudingeka ukwazi amandla ethu nobuthakathaka bethu ukuze sikwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono namakhono ethu.
