Kulesi sihloko ngizokhuluma ngakho qinkanyezi enomsila . Ngalo mqondo, comets awasiyindilinga njengeNyanga noma njengalawo maplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga. Okusho ukuthi, banesimo esifana netshe elikhulu noma intaba egijima kuyo yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke izethulo zabo zingavuselelwa kakhulu futhi zingajwayelekile.
Futhi, izinkanyezi ezinomsila zizungeza eduze Sol futhi zingaba nezinhlobo ezintathu zokuzungeza kuye ngokumelela ezikudwebayo. Okusho ukuthi, zingaba ne-elliptical orbit kanye ne-parabolic noma i-hyperbolic orbit.
Anjani ukuma kwenkanyezi enomsila?
Inkanyezi enomsila yizinto zasezulwini ezinokumelwa okungajwayelekile, okufiphalayo nezincane, ezimukelwe ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu ezingezona ze-ethereal kanye AmaGesi zi-curled (zinobuso obumnyama). Zinemizila eyi-elliptical ezisondeza eduze neLanga futhi izibuyisele endaweni ejulile, ngokuqhubekayo ngale komjikelezo weLanga. Pluto. Zichazwa umsila omude futhi okhanyayo, nokho, lokhu kuvela kuphela lapho inkanyezi enomsila itholakala emaphethelweni eLanga.
ukwakheka kwenkanyezi enomsila
Izakhiwo zenkanyezi enomsila noma ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila inamuphi umumo ziningi futhi zisebenza kakhulu, kodwa zonke zibonisa a ifu wezinto ezingacacile eziwazungezile, izinwele eziqokiwe, ezivame ukuthuthuka ngobude nokukhanya njengoba inkanyezi enomsila isondela eLangeni.
Ngokufanayo, izinwele zathi kanye ne-nucleus eseduze zenza ikhanda le Ikhayithi. Ikhanda eliqukethwe lingase libe likhulu kune- iplanethi iJupiter. Nokho, inqwaba yezinkanyezi ezinomsila eziningi inomzimba ongamakhilomitha angama-cubic nje ambalwa. Isibonelo, i-nucleus ye-particle-black ye-Halley's Comet inobukhulu obuhlangene obungu-15 by 4 km.
Njengoba izinkanyezi ezinomsila zisondela eLangeni, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lelanga lijabulisa ukuchitheka kweqhwa (Amanzi adlula esiqinile aye endaweni enegesi ngaphandle kokudlula esimweni esiwuketshezi), enze imisila esabekayo yezinto ezikhazimulayo enwebeka ngezigidi zamakhilomitha ukusuka ekhanda, kude ne Sol.
Ngalo mqondo, umsila ngendlela efanayo uyakhazimula emaphethelweni eLanga futhi ungakhula amashumi noma amakhulu ezigidi zamakhilomitha esibhakabhakeni. Umsila uhlala unwebeka ngendlela engafani neLanga, ngisho nalapho inkanyezi enomsila isuka eLangeni. Astro emaphakathi. Imisila emikhulu yenkanyezi enomsila yenziwa ama-molecule alula e-ionized, aqukethe i-carbon monoxide ne-carbon dioxide.
Amangqamuzana apheshulwa kunkanyezi enomsila ngenxa yomsebenzi womoya welanga, iphethini yamagesi avuthayo ajikijelwa yilanga (i-corona). umkhathi ngaphandle kweLanga), ngesivinini esingu-400 km/s. Ngokuvamile, izinkanyezi ezinomsila zibuye zibonise umsila omncane, ogobile owenziwe ngothuli olucolile oluphonswe ezinweleni ngokuphoqwa kwemisebe yelanga.
Ngokufanayo, njengoba inkanyezi enomsila izihlukanisa neLanga ilahlekelwa umhwamuko omncane nothuli, futhi umsila uvele unyamalale. Ezinye izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezinemizila emincane zinemisila emincane kangangokuthi ayibonakali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsila okungenani owodwa wenkanyezi enomsila uye wanqoba ubude bamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-320 endaweni. indawo yonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho umnyombo we Ikhayithi iqhwa, ingabonakala kuphela ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo. Nokho, lapho uboya bukhula, uthuli lukhipha ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe futhi isitimu esivela ezinweleni sicwilisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet futhi sibonakale njenge-fluorescent.
Ngokufanayo, njengoba inkanyezi enomsila icwilisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, izindlela zamakhemikhali zikhipha i-hydrogen, egijima ifinyelele amandla adonsela phansi enkanyezi enomsila futhi imele imvilophu i-hydrogen. Le mvilophi ayikwazi ukubonakala eMhlabeni njengoba ukukhanya kwayo kuthathelwe umkhathi wethu, kodwa ivezwe yimikhumbi-mkhathi ye-cosmic.
Olunye ucwaningo mayelana nokuthi inkanyezi enomsila inamuphi umumo
Uma siqaphela inkanyezi enomsila asihlukanisi ngaphezu kokubonakaliswa kokukhanya kwe Sol Ngasohlangothini lwalokhu, singaqaphela ngokuyisisekelo i-nucleus ekhazimulayo emaphakathi kanye nomsila owandisiwe osakazeke kahle, kodwa kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila inezinye izingxenye esingazibona ngezibonakude ezinkulu.
Ngalo mqondo, izingxenye ezinikeza ukuphila kulokho inkanyezi enomsila enazo yilezi ezilandelayo: the umnyombo, umsila we-ion, umsila wothuli, ukhefana, nemvilophu ye-hydrogen.
I-nucleus
I-nucleus iyingxenye emaphakathi necwebezela kakhulu yenkanyezi enomsila, kusukela kulokhu, ngenxa yomoya nemisebe yelanga, amadivaysi e-ionic nothuli kukhishwa abheke ikhoma kanye nomsila.
Ukhefana
Ilandiswa njengefu lomhwamuko nothuli elizungeze i-axis ye-cometary. Ukwengeza kulokhu okungenhla, ukhefana unezingxenye ezimbili eziyisisekelo, ikhoma yokushayisana kanye nekhefana yamangqamuzana. Ikhoma yokushayisana yindawo engaphakathi kwekhoma lapho ukushayisana kwama-athomu kuvela khona okunyakazisa i-thermodynamics kanye ne-chemistry Igesi, ingxenye lapho izinga lokukhiqiza igesi liqala khona, izinga elikhuphukayo njengoba inkanyezi enomsila isondela eLangeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-coma ye-molecular iyisandiso lapho izakhi ezisindile ekuhlukaniseni izithombe zikhona. Ngokufanayo, singabona kwezinye comets yini i-coma yamanzi nokuthi yini eyenziwe nge-athomu ye-hydrogen.
umsila we-ion
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsila we-ion wakhiwe ama-ion akhishwa yi-nucleus abheke ku-coma, futhi aphuthunyiswe ngokulandelanayo ngumoya welanga. I-orientation yayo yokwethulwa ebonakalayo endaweni i-anti-solar, yileyo ndlela ngenxa yokumelela insimu kazibuthe yelanga, ama-ion aqondiswe kumzila we-radial kuya insimu kazibuthe yelanga.
Ngendlela efanayo, lo msila ungafinyelela izigidi zamakhilomitha wokunwebeka, ubonakala kuwo wonke ama-comets, nokho kwezinye ubonisa ukucaca okuncane. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu njengoba kuseduze neLanga futhi njalo kuvela kamuva kakhulu kunefantasy ye umsila wempuphu.
umsila wothuli
Ngokubangela ukukhishwa kwe-distillation endaweni ewumgogodla, uthuli lwe-shaft luyasetshenziswa futhi lukhishwe igesi ehlakazayo. Yingakho ukunyakaza kothuli kuzolandela indlela ye-nucleus kanye nokuxhumana phakathi komhwamuko nothuli, inqubo eyenzeka ku-coma eduze kwendawo. Uma uthuli olusanhlamvu luphushwa lubheke emsileni, ukucindezelwa kwemisebe kanye namandla adonsela phansi Sol bafaka izinhlayiya ezihlukanisiwe ngendawo ngokumelela kwazo kanye nesisindo sazo.
Imvilophu ye-hydrogen
Eduze nenkanyezi enomsila, kuboniswa isembozo esicashile se-hydrogen, ngenxa yezinyathelo zamakhemikhali zokucwiliswa emanzini ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet i-hydrogen iyabaleka futhi ihlale ezinhlobonhlobo zezembozo ngenkanyezi enomsila, kodwa ingaqashelwa kuphela emkhathini.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezethulo zenkanyezi enomsila
Izinkanyezi ezinomsila zingahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningi, okungukuthi, kunezici ezifana nobukhulu bawo, ubudala noma i-orbit ezowanika ubuso obuhluke ngokuphelele. Ngokuyisisekelo singaveza ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze comets:
Jupiter Family Comets
Ziyinkanyezi enomsila, imizila yayo enezigaba ezizungezile ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-20 kanye namantombazane avamile. ama-orbitals.
Inkanyezi enomsila yohlobo lwe-Halley
Lezi zinezikhathi eziphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 no-200, kungaba yisigaba abezindaba.
isikhathi eside izinkanyezi ezinomsila
Kulokhu ziyizikhathi ezingaphezu kweminyaka engama-200. Lawa ma-comet okugcina avela efwini le-Oort, kanti endabeni yawokuqala amabili aphuma ebhandeni le-trans-Neptunian.
Ekugcineni, singasho ukuthi indlela yokuphendula ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila inamuphi ingahluka kakhulu, okungukuthi, singaqaphela ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana futhi ngezinga lokulinganisa kwazo ne ilanga ingadlula ezinguqukweni ezihluke ngokuphelele nakuba cishe sihlala siyibona njengekhanda elincane elinomsila omkhulu.