Uyazi yini i-FTA? Uma kungenjalo, sikumema ukuba ubheke lesi sihloko lapho uzothola khona yonke imininingwane ngalesi sihloko esithakazelisayo kakhulu.
Yonke imininingwane
Iyini i-TLC?
Isivumelwano noma isivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala noma esaziwa ngaphansi kwesifinyezo se-FTA asilutho ngaphandle kwenkontileka yamazwe amabili noma amazwe amaningi ngokomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukuze sikwazi ukwenza indawo yokuhweba mahhala phakathi kwezifunda ezisebenzisanayo.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kulesi sihloko sikumema ukuthi wazi yonke imininingwane ethakazelisa kakhulu mayelana ¿Yini i-TLC futhi nokuningi?
Yini eyaziwa ngokuthi i-TLC?
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, leso sivumelwano samazwe amabili noma samazwe ngamazwe esisebenza ngokomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe saziwa njengesivumelwano sokuhwebelana ngokukhululekile ukuze ngale ndlela sikwazi ukukhiqiza indawo yokuhwebelana ngokukhululekile phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukahlukene ezisebenzisana nazo.
Yingakho kuye kwamenyezelwa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zezivumelwano zokuhwebelana, okungukuthi, amazwe amabili namazwe amaningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzokwenziwa izivumelwano zokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe amabili ngesikhathi lapho amazwe amabili evumelana ukuxegisa imingcele ehlukene yokuhwebelana ukuze ngale ndlela kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa elinye nelinye lamathuba ebhizinisi.
Imininingwane eminingi
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okushiwo ngenhla, zonke izivumelwano zokuhwebelana ezihlangene ezihlangene ziyizivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe amathathu noma ngaphezulu futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziphenduka zibe nzima kakhulu ukuxoxisana nokuvumelana. Ngokufanayo, ama-FTA, ewuhlobo lwesivumelwano sohwebo, alawula ukunquma amanani entengo namalungelo izwe okufanele liwabeke ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe nasekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe ngenhloso eyodwa yokunciphisa noma yokuqeda imigoqo yohwebo.
Ngale ndlela, kulula ngokuphelele ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokufanayo, lezo zivumelwano, ngokuvamile, zivame "gxila esahlukweni esisungula ukuphathwa kwentela okukhethekile", nokho, nabo bayathambekela "kufaka phakathi izigatshana zokugqugquzela ukuhweba nokwenza imithetho ezindaweni ezifana nokutshalwa kwezimali, impahla yengqondo, ukuthengwa kwempahla kukahulumeni, amazinga obuchwepheshe, kanye nezindaba zenhlanzeko kanye ne-phytosanitary".
Iyini i-TLC? Umehluko Obalulekile
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwehlukana okubalulekile kuye kwenziwa kwaziwa ezinyunyaneni zentela nasezindaweni ezihlukene zohwebo olukhululekile, yilapho-ke kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezivumelwano zezentengiselwano zenziwa kwaziwe ukuthi zinezinhlangothi eziphethayo ukuze kukhululwe futhi kube lula ukuhwebelana. phakathi kwabo.
Mayelana nomehluko, ubalulekile phakathi kwezinye izinyunyana zentela kanye nezindawo zokuhwebelana ngokukhululeka, lokhu kuwukubheka kwabo umkhakha ngamunye. Nakuba ibhondi yempahla idinga ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi zisungule futhi zigcine amanani entengo afanayo angaphandle mayelana nohwebo namazwe angewona amalungu, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaqembu endaweni ethile ahweba ngokukhululekile futhi awekho ngaphansi kwemfuneko enjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kuyindawo yokuhweba mahhala ngaphandle kwezintela zangaphandle ezihlala zivumelana, ukuze kuqedwe ubungozi obukhona ekuphambukisweni kohwebo, lapho izinhlangothi zingase zamukele isimiso semithetho yokukhetha yemvelaphi.
Iyini i-TLC?: I-Los Izingxenye Zezomnotho Zezivumelwano Zokuhweba Ngokukhululekile
Ukucabangela yini i-TLC, Yisikhathi esifanele sokwazi ukuthi yiziphi Izingxenye Zezomnotho ezihambisanayo zeZivumelwano Zokuhweba Ngokukhululekile? Kungakho sithathe isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze senze uphenyo olunzulu mayelana nesihloko futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ungakwazi ukwazi yonke imininingwane.
#1 Ukuphambukisa kanye Nokudala Uhwebo
Ngokuvamile, i-Trade Diversion isho ukuthi i-FTA iyakwazi ukuphambukisa ukuhweba kusuka kubahlinzeki abaphumelela kakhulu abangaphandle kwendawo kuya kwabasebenza kancane endaweni efanayo.
#2 Iyini i-TLC?: Ama-FTA njengezimpahla zomphakathi
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthiwa osomnotho bahlole ukuthi i-FTAs ikwazi kangakanani ukuthathwa njengempahla yomphakathi, ekubeni okokuqala igxile esicini esibalulekile sama-FTAs okungeyona into engaphezu kohlelo lwe-FTA. izinkantolo ezididiyelwe ezisebenza njengabalamuli ezingxabanweni zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Izinketho zingatholakala kanjani ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-FTA?
Ngaphezu kokuhlangana Iyini i-TLC? Akulimazi ukwazi ukuthi izintandokazi zingatholwa kanjani ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-FTA? Kungakho, ngokungafani nenyunyana yentela, izingxenye ezehlukene ze-FTA zingenayo intela efanayo yangaphandle, okusho ukuthi isebenzisa imisebenzi ehlukene yentela yempahla ephumayo kanye nezinye izinqubomgomo maqondana nabangewona amalungu.
Leso sici sidala ithuba lokuthi labo abangewona amalungu basengaba nekhono lokusebenzisa izintandokazi ze-FTA, ngaleyo ndlela bangene emakethe ngezintela eziphansi zangaphandle. Ubungozi obushiwo budinga ukwethulwa kwemithetho ukuze kutholwe imikhiqizo yokuqala engase izitholele okuthandwayo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-FTA, okuyisidingo esingaveli lapho kwakhiwa noma iyiphi inyunyana yentela.
Isebenza kanjani iDatabase?
Isizindalwazi esihlobene nezivumelwano zezentengiselwano ezinikezwa yi-Market Access Map ye-ITC, uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunamakhulu ezivumelwano zamahhala ezisebenzayo namuhla kanye nenqubo yezingxoxo, kubalulekile ukuthi izinkampani nabakhi benqubomgomo bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva ngalesi simo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uchungechunge lwamadiphozithi ezivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala ezitholakala ezingeni likazwelonke, lesifunda noma ngisho namazwe ngamazwe luyadalulwa.
Ngokufanayo, okunye okubaluleke kakhulu isizindalwazi sesivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala eLatin America esilungiselelwe ngenxa ye-Latin American Integration Association noma eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ALADI, lokhu kuyisizindalwazi esigcinwe sibonga i-Center for Asia Regional Integration noma eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ARIC. enikeza ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nezivumelwano zamazwe ase-Asia.
Ngokunjalo, ingosi emayelana nezingxoxo nezivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala ze-European Union zenzeka phakathi kwaleso sigaba. Okokugcina, ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe, kukhishwa isizindalwazi ezimbili ezibalulekile ngempela, ezinokufinyelela mahhala okuthuthukiswe ezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zabaholi bezombusazwe kanye nenkampani ngayinye.
Ekugcineni, sithemba ukuthi lonke ulwazi olwabiwe kulesi sihloko lube usizo olukhulu ukuze ukwazi ukwazi yonke imininingwane ethakazelisa kakhulu mayelana Iyini i-TLC?
Uma imininingwane okwabiwe ngayo kule ndatshana ikusize kakhulu, sikumema ukuthi ubheke le enye mayelana nayo Izindlela Zokulinganisa Amasiko eMexico