Wake wazibuza yini i-jazz, uyini umlando wayo futhi ababengabameleli abakhulu kunabo bonke yalesi sitayela somculo. Kule ncwadi ozithola ukuyo, sizoxazulula konke ukungabaza onakho mayelana nalolu hlobo lomculo kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.
Wazalelwa e-United States, futhi uke waba a uhlobo olunethonya elikhulu emculweni odumile eminyakeni edlule nanamuhla. Baningi abakholelwa ukuthi leli gama livela ku-jargon esetshenziswa abasubathi ogwini olusentshonalanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwabanye igama elithi jazz linezimpande zase-Afrika ezihlobene nesenzo socansi.
i-jazz a ingxubevange yemisindo nemigqi ehlukene yase-Afrika yaseMelika kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Kubhekwa njengenye yezitayela zomculo ezidume kakhulu nezinethonya emhlabeni kwezinye izinhlobo zomculo. Uma ungumthandi walolu hlobo lomculo, kanye nabanye, kodwa uthanda umlando ozalwa ngalezi zinhlobo zomculo, uzothanda lokhu kushicilelwa.
Iyini i-jazz: imvelaphi nomqondo
I-Jazz, yavela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye njengohlobo lomculo olusha olusuka esifundeni esiseningizimu ye-United States., Mississippi. Lolu hlobo lunomsuka walo ngenxa yokuhlangana kwezingoma nezigqi ze-Afro-American.
Gcizelela ukuthi ubunikazi bomculo balesi sitayela buyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho abukwazi ukuchazwa kalula. Kuyiqiniso, njengoba sisanda kusho, ukuthi kungumphumela wesiko lama-Afro-American, kodwa Iphinde yathonywa amanye amasiko nezinhlobo zomculo.
Ukuqala kwalesi sitayela esisha somculo kwenzeka lapho i izigqila zase-Afrika ohlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-United States, baqale ukuveza amasiko namasiko abo ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi ezahlukene njengaye futhi nokumphelezela ngezingoma.
Izingoma ababezicula kwakungezabo indlela yokuveza ukunganeliseki kwabo ngesimo sobugqila ukuthi abaningi babo babephila ngaleso sikhathi. Emicikilishweni yabo eminingi, izigqila zakhumula izicathulo zazo futhi zahlabelela ukugcina inkumbulo ehlangene iphila.
Umthombo: https://es.wikipedia.org/
Ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwale misebenzi, izigqila zifuna ukuzibonakalisa ngenye indlela zisebenzisa izintende zazo nokushaya izinyawo, njengezinto ezishaywayo ukuze udale umculo wakho futhi ujabulele amasiko akho. Lo mkhawulo esikhuluma ngawo awuzange usetshenziswe endaweni eyaziwa kakhulu yaseCongo eNew Orleans. Kule ndawo, kwakunezigqila eziningi ezazihlangana ngokukhululekile ukuze zicule, zidanse futhi zidlale izinsimbi ezishaywayo ezenziwe ngezandla.
Izingoma zase-Afrika, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi, ukuvumelana kwemisho kanye nemisho kwakuyizici eziyinhloko ezasungula izisekelo ze-jazz ngaleso sikhathi futhi ezavula indlela yokuthi amanothi okuqala e-blues aqale ukuvela. Ukusesha umsindo wakho kuyisiqalo sokuthola lezi zisekelo ezishiwo.
Lapho izigqila zithole inkululeko yazo, azikwazanga ukujabulela amalungelo azo kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu kwavela izitayela ezintsha zomculo njenge-ragtime eyaziwa njengezandulela ze-jazz sonke esiyaziyo namuhla.
Ukuvela kwe-jazz, kusukela ngo-1910 kuya ku-1950
Umthombo: https://en.wikipedia.org/
Izinhlobo ezimbili zomculo zaziwa ngokuvula indlela ye-jazz. Eyokuqala yazo yaziwa ngokuthi dixieland, eyavela ngo-1910 futhi yenziwa ngamaqembu lapho kwadlalwa khona izinsimbi ezintathu eziyisisekelo njenge-tuba, icilongo kanye ne-saxophone. Ngaphezu kwalezi zintathu, zazivame ukuhambisana nezigubhu, i-bass, i-trombone kanye nezikhathi ezithile i-clarinet.
Olunye uhlobo oluzovula indlela yilolu esilushilo esigabeni esandulele, ragtime ogama lakhe eliyinhloko kwakunguScott Joplin. Lolu hlobo esikhuluma ngalo, yayixuba ukuphimisela nokuvumelana okwakwenziwa kamuva ngabadlali bopiyano.
Ku idolobha elikhulu lase-st louis, eliseMissouri, kwakuyisiko phelezela imingcwabo neqembu lomculo. Izingoma ezihamba kancane, ezimisiwe zazidlalwa ngezwi elipholile nelidabukisayo lapho kuphelezelwa ibhokisi lomngcwabo emathuneni. Lapho ephenduka, umculo washintsha waba yisitayela esijabulisa kakhulu esenza abantu badanse, bacule futhi imizwa yabo yashintsha ngokuphelele.
Lezi amaqembu ezigebengu, aqala ukuthandwa phakathi kweminye imikhakha ehluke kakhulu njengezindawo zezifebe lapho baqala khona ukudlala umculo wabo. Eminyakeni ethile kamuva, ngo-1917, kwenziwa isinqumo sokuvala indawo yezifebe eStoryville lapho la maqembu ayedlala khona.
Lokhu kwadala i ukufuduka kwabo bonke laba baculi baye eChicago naseNew York lapho bazinza khona emaqenjini ahlonishwayo, amaningi awo angawabantu be-mafia. Ngalezi zenzakalo eziphilayo, ukunwetshwa kohlobo lomculo we-jazz kuyaqala.
Umthombo: https://en.wikipedia.org/
I-jazz eyayidlalwa ngalesi sikhathi kwaba ebonakala ngokushaya ngesigqi kuma-downbeats. Lo mqondo ubhekisela ekulandeleni kwamabhithi aphindaphindwayo, okwenza isikhathi sihlukaniswe sibe izingxenye ezilinganayo. Ama-accents anesigqi ashintshela kusigqi sesibili nesesine.
En los 40s, i-jazz isivele ibonwa futhi yaziswa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Ukuwa kwamabhendi okushwiba kunikeza indlela yesitayela esisha somculo esihluke ngokuphelele njenge-BeBop ngo-1941. U-Dizzy Gillespie ungomunye wabaholi balesi sitayela esisha somculo. Ngenxa yokuphathwa kwayo nomsindo wecilongo, izici zalolu limi olusha lomculo ziyembulwa.
Enye yezibalo zokuqala ze-BeBop yi Charlie Parker, owethule indlela entsha nolimi lokuthuthukisa ngesitayela somzwelo engaziwa nhlobo futhi emangazayo kulabo ababemlalele.
Ngo-1948, kwazalwa inhlangano entsha, epholile. Lesi sitayela esisha besihlobene ngqo nesedlule, i-BeBop. I-cool jazz yayithandwa kakhulu ngabaculi abamhlophe abafana no-Lennie Tristano, kodwa kusobala ukuthi yayithandwa nabaculi abamnyama. Ngalesi sikhathi amagama amaningi abalulekile avela emlandweni we-jazz afana no-Gunther Schuller, u-Bob Graettinger noma u-Gil Evans.
Ukuvela kwe-jazz, kusukela ngo-1960 kuze kube manje
Umthombo: https://www.pinterest.es/
I-jazz yamahhala yazalwa ngo-1960 ngaphansi kokugxekwa okuningi hhayi umphakathi kuphela kodwa ochwepheshe emkhakheni abafanelekela lesi sitayela esisha njengokungewona umculo. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, lesi sitayela sibe nomthelela kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abaculi be-jazz abasebasha.
mayelana neminyaka Ngo-1965, i-jazz yamahhala iba yindlela yokukhuluma kubaculi ngezindikimba ezahlukene. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ukwehla komnotho kuqala ukuvela mayelana nalesi sitayela, i-jazz yamahhala.
Lokhu ukuthambekela komculo ngo-1970, kulandelwa okuthiwa yi-Electric Jazz eyasebenzisa umculo we-elekthronikhi othonywe uhlobo lwe-rock. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwamaqembu e-rock nomculo we-jazz kamuva kwaveza izitayela zomculo ezintsha.
Kulesi sigaba somlando, abaculi be-jazz bahlanganise lolu hlobo namanye amasiko omculo okubangela izitayela ezingaphansi ezintsha ezifana ne-jazz rock, i-flamenco jazz, i-Latin jazz, njll. Lesi sikhathi sibonakala ngokuhlangana kwezitayela.
En los Ngawo-80, kwaqala ukuwa okukhulu kakhulu emculweni we-jazz, okubangelwa ukuhlangana okuhlukile ezenzeke eminyakeni edlule. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni lolu hlobo lomculo lusuke ngokuphelele emsuka walo, okudale inkinga enkulu. Ngokufika kwe-neo-traditionalism, i-jazz ibe nochungechunge lwezinguquko ezibalulekile ezithi zibuyela kumsuka nokuhlanzeka kwesitayela.
Umthombo: https://en.wikipedia.org/
I-Jazz, ngeminyaka yawo-90s ihlangene nezinhlobo zomculo ezihlukene njenge-pop, idwala, i-grunge, njll. Uguquko oludalwe abaculi be-jazz abakhulu bakulesi siteji luveze amasu ahlukene abawasebenzisa ekuthuthukiseni. Lawa masu aqoqwe emathonyeni ahlukene, kamuva ahlanganiswa ngaphandle kwemingcele.
Hhayi nje eNew York City kwavela abaculi abakhulu be-jazz, kodwa kwavela abanye abaningi ngale kwemingcele yayo. Isebenze kabusha imiqondo eyasungulwa izizukulwane ezihlukene zabaculi be-jazz.
Umculo we-elekthronikhi kanye nenguquko eyafika nawo kwaba nomthelela ngqo ekuthuthukisweni kwe-jazz. Ngenxa yalokhu kuvukela umbuso, baqala kuvela abathuthukisi abasha abavela ku-jazz yamahhala yendabuko kodwa balethe amathonya alandelayo ye-classical avant-gardes yomculo we-elekthronikhi.
Ku Njengamanje, kunabaculi abaningi abathuthukise indlela engezansi ye-jazz rap njengoKanye West, Hocus Pocus, Madlib, phakathi kwabanye.
Abamele abavelele be-jazz
Kulesi sigaba, sizosho ezinye zazo izibalo ze-jazz ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, ukuhlonipha lesi sitayela somculo kwabaningi esibhekwa njengethuluzi lokwakha imiphakathi ehlanganisiwe.
UDuke Ellington
Umthombo: https://lacarnemagazine.com/
Enye ye izinganekwane ze-jazz ezinkulu emhlabeni. Umqambi, umdlali wopiyano kanye nombhidisi. Inombolo yayo enkulu yezingcezu zomculo zalesi sitayela ivelele, ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili phakathi kwazo i-Jeeps Blues evelele.
UCharlie parker
Umthombo: https://www.elconfidencial.com/
Ngezingoma ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha namarekhodi angaphezu kwekhulu, u-Charlie Parker we-saxophonist nomqambi uyaziwa. njengomunye wabaculi be-jazz abahamba phambili.
charles mingus
Umthombo: https://www.pinterest.es/
Isishoshovu esimelene nokucwasa ngokwebala, umqambi, umdlali wopiyano kanye nomdlali we-bass kabili. Inangaphezu kuka-20 amarekhodi emikhiqizo ethatha i-jazz ukuthi izwakale emhlabeni jikelele.
Ella Fitzgerald
Umthombo: https://www.rtve.es/
Lona wesifazane wenza a imikhiqizo eyishumi futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, waqopha nabaculi abahlukene bezinga likaDuke Ellington no-Count Basie.
Nina Simone
Umthombo: https://www.rtve.es/
Umculi, umqambi kanye nomshayi wopiyano wezitayela zomculo ezahlukene njenge-jazz, isigqi se-blues nomphefumulo. Umvikeli wamalungelo abantu abamnyama. Usuka eNyakatho Melika ukuze athuthele eYurophu.
miles Davis
Umthombo: https://es.wikipedia.org/
Umshayi wecilongo we-Jazz nomqambi. Ilungu leqembu lendawo lika-Eddie Randle's Blue Devil's. Ngigqama emculweni ngoshintsho engilwenzile lwamathoni ecilongo.
UGillespie onesiyezi
Umthombo: httpses.wikipedia.org
Ngomsebenzi womculo ovelele, sikulethela lo mmeleli womculo we-jazz. Icilongo, umculi nomqambi walesi sitayela somculo osebenze noCharlie Parker. Ingenye ye Amavulandlela aseNyakatho Melika ekujoyineni i-Afro-Cuban jazz movement.
Louis Armstrong
Umthombo: https://www.esquire.com/
Umuntu ongcweliswe emhlabeni wonke njengomdlali wecilongo nomculi enethonya elikhulu emlandweni nasekuziphendukeleni kwe-jazz.
Ubuhle obuhlanganiswa wuhlobo lomculo we-jazz aqashelwe yi-UN njengenhlangano yobumbano, izingxoxo kanye nomsebenzi phakathi kwabantu nezinhlanga ezahlukene.