Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkolo emhlabeni futhi ngayinye inezici ezihlukile. Abantu abaningi abazi yini i-islam futhi yiziphi izici zayo. I-Islam iyinkolo yokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa eyavela eNhlonhlweni Yase-Arabia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, lapho umprofethi wama-Arabhu. UMuhammad waqala ukushumayela ukulalela unkulunkulu obizwa Allah.
Uma ufuna lokho Islam, izici zayo kanye nomlando, lapha senza isingeniso esifushane.
Yiziphi izici ze-Islam
I-Islam ingenye yezinkolo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nobuJuda nobuKrestu. Ngakho, kubhekwa njengesibuyekezo senkolelo kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, izulu, nesihogo eyayivele ikhona ezinkolweni zangaphambili ezikholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa.
Labo abenza inkolo yobuSulumane babizwa ngokuthi amaSulumane, igama elisho ukuthi "lalela intando kaAllah". I-Islam njengamanje iyinkolo yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngemuva kobuKristu. cishe Abalandeli be-1.800 million, noma cishe amaphesenti angu-25 enani labantu emhlabeni. Bakha iningi labantu emazweni angama-50. Phakathi kwabo, inani elikhulu lamaSulumane yi-Indonesia eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
I-Islam ihlukaniswe yaba amagatsha amabili amakhulu: iSunni neShia. Kubo bonke abantu abangamaSulumane, abangaba ngu-87% bangamaSunni kanti abangu-13% bangamaShia. Iningi lamaShiites (68% kuya ku-80%) lihlala emazweni ase-Asia njenge I-Iran, i-Iraq, i-Bahrain ne-Azerbaijan.
Umsuka we-Islam
Umsunguli we-Islam, UMuhammad, wazalelwa emzini wase IMecca eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia ngonyaka 570 AD Esemusha wazinikela ekuhwebeni kwekharavani. Lapho eneminyaka engu-40 ubudala, wayehlala yedwa emhumeni emaphethelweni edolobha. Ngokwesiko, uvakashelwa uJibril (Ingelosi Enkulu uGabriel), omemezela ukuthi ukhethwe njengomprofethi wenkolo entsha.. UMuhammad wabuyela eMecca futhi waqala ukushumayela inkolo yamaSulumane.
Ngaleso sikhathi, izakhamuzi zaseMecca zazikholelwa onkulunkulu abaningi ngoba zazikhulekela onkulunkulu abaningi, abazithombe zabo zaziseKaaba enkabeni yedolobha. Izinkonzo ezisebenzisa onkulunkulu abakhulekelwa eKaaba zasongelwa yizintshumayelo zikaMuhammad futhi wagwetshwa intambo. Ukubalekela leso sigwebo, UMuhammad wabalekela edolobheni laseMedina ngo-622. Lokhu kudingiswa, okwaziwa ngokuthi I-Hijra, kwaphawula ukuqala kokulandelana kwezikhathi kwamaSulumane. Okungukuthi, AmaSulumane aqala ukubala iminyaka kusukela kuleli qiniso.
EMedina, amandla nodumo lukaMuhammad kwakhula futhi ngokushesha iningi lezakhamuzi layemukela inkolo entsha. Ngosizo lwabo, uMuhammad wabuyela eMecca ngo-630, wathatha iMecca, futhi wenza iKaaba indawo engcwele yamaSulumane. Ngemva kokunqotshwa kweMecca, inkolo yamaSulumane yaqala ukusabalala ngokushesha kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, yaba ingxenye ehlanganisa izizwe ezihlukahlukene zase-Arabia.
Lapho uMuhammad efa ngo-632, umbusi waphumelela njengombusi ongokomoya nowezwe wawo wonke amaSulumane. AmaKhalifa okuqala kwakungu-Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman kanye no-Ali. Basiza ukusabalala kwe-Islam I-Palestine, iSiriya, i-Armenia, iMesopotamiya yase-Asia, iPheresiya, neNyakatho Afrika.
Ngo-661, u-Muawiyah womndeni wakwa-Umayyad wasusa u-Ali futhi wasungula i-caliphate eSiriya. Ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe, AmaSulumane asakazekela eNdiya, eNyakatho Afrika naseNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia. Ukuthathwa kwegunya kwe-Umayyad kwaphawula inguquko emlandweni we-Islam, njengoba amaShiite ayewabona njengabaqhwaga futhi esikhundleni salokho aqaphela inzalo ka-Ali njengezindlalifa ezifanele.
Kanjani?
I-Las izici eziphambili yamaSulumane imi kanje:
- Es ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu munye futhi nikhonze uAllah kuphela.
- Incwadi yakhe engcwele IKoran. IKoran isho ukuthi "funda" ngoba, kumaMuslim, yizwi elashiwo nguNkulunkulu kuMprofethi. UMuhammad walandisa lezambulo emndenini wakhe, abangani bakhe, kanye nabafundi bakhe, abahlanganisa amazwi kathisha wabo ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ngaleyo ndlela bebumba iKur'an. Umlayezo oyinhloko we-Qur'an ukuthi abantu kufanele bamukele u-Allah njengowukuphela kukaNkulunkulu futhi baphile ngokuvumelana nemiyalo yakhe. Kuphoqelekile ukuthi wonke amaSulumane amukele wonke amagama eKur'an njengencazelo engokoqobo kaNkulunkulu futhi alifunde kusukela ebuntwaneni. NgokweKoran, wonke amaSulumane kumelwe akholelwe endalweni, ekuvukeni kwabafileyo, nokuphila ngemva kokufa.
- Indawo ebaluleke kakhulu engcwele neyokuvakasha yiKaaba esedolobheni laseMecca, eSaudi Arabia. Abazinikele emhlabeni wonke baya lapho ukuze bathandaze kahlanu ngosuku.
Ngaphandle kokuba inkolo, inkolo yobuSulumane ibuye ithathwe njengendlela yokuphila eholela abalandeli bayo ekuthuleni nasekujabuleni kwengqondo. - Indawo esetshenziselwa ukukhuleka nokukhulekela i-mosque, ethathwa njengendlu ka-Allah. Ema-mosque, izethulo zobuciko zika-Allah no-Muhammad azivunyelwe ngoba kukholakala ukuthi ziholela ekukhonzeni izithombe. Kuwo wonke ama-mosque, kufakwa imithombo yamanzi ukuze abakhulekeli bazihlanze ngamanzi ngaphambi kokungena ehholo lomkhuleko.
- Amakholwa angaxhumana noNkulunkulu ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwesidingo somxhumanisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi phakathi kwamaSulumane abekho abapristi, kodwa iziqondiso ezingokomoya ezibizwa Imilingo, ezivame uku-odwa umphakathi ngokwawo.
- Kunamagatsha amabili amakhulu e-Islam: Sunni noma Shia, abaqaphelayo ukuba semthethweni kwamaKhalifa amane okuqala, namaShiite, abasekeli bomkhwenyana kaMuhammad, u-Ali, kusukela ashada nendodakazi yakhe uFatima. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili ubunjalo bukazibuthe. AmaShia akholelwa ukuthi laba baholi bakamoya abanaphutha kuzo zonke izinto, izenzo, izimiso nezinkolelo. KumaSunni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-imam kungaba yinoma ubani ojwayelene nemikhuba yokuthandaza yamaSulumane. Omunye umehluko ukuthi, ngaphezu kweKoran, AmaSunni nawo angabalandeli beSunna, okuyiqoqo lezimfundiso zikaMuhammad, amazwi, kanye nokuvumela kwakhe.
Ngethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lube usizo kuwe, kodwa uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ungangena lapha.