Umjaho wasemkhathini we-Cold War phakathi kwe-United States neSoviet Union washintsha ngendlela emangalisayo. NgoJuni 21, 1969, uNeil Armstrong waba yindoda yokuqala enyangeni. ekwazi ukunyathela ngempumelelo phezu kwesathelayithi. Ngale ndlela, izwe laseNyakatho Melika liwine umdlalo omkhulu we-chess ngokumelene nezimbangi zalo zokuqina.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: Yazi izindawo ezintathu zokugcina zokwethulwa kanye namaphrojekthi azo!
U-Neil Armstrong, impilo eyisibonelo yomuntu wokuqala enyangeni
Wazalelwa eWapakoneta, ngo-August 5, 1930, uNeil Armstrong kwakuyisiqinisekiso sempilo egcwele ukuhlonishwa kweziqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubeyindoda eyisibonelo ngokwedlulele, ezinikele kuyo yonke indawo lapho esebenza khona. Ngalowo mqondo, wayephethe isihloko sikanjiniyela we-aerospace, kanye nokuba yingxenye yebutho njengomshayeli wezempi.
Umthombo: Google
U-Armstrong futhi unesitifiketi esigunyaziwe njengomshayeli wokuhlola onolwazi, kanye noprofesa wasenyuvesi. Futhi, njengokungathi lokho akwanele, uqweqwe lwekhekhe lwalokho kuqalisa kabusha okukhazimulayo kuwukuba umuntu wokuqala enyangeni.
Ukuphila kwakhe kwakunezinxushunxushu eziqhubekayo nezinguquko ezinkulu ezisekelwe kulokho ayekholelwa ukuthi kulungile. Kusukela ekuhlanganyeleni ngenkuthalo eMpini YaseKorea kuze kube yilapho kwakheka ingxenye yomzimba yabafisa ukuya ejensi yasemkhathini kanjalo.
Ngemuva kokubekezela kwakhe, wakhethwa ngo-1962 ukuthi ajoyine ithimba le-astronaut, kuhambisana nokuhlakanipha kwakhe okungaphezi. U-Armstrong akazange angabaze ukubhalisela ukuthola indawo kumaphrojekthi aphezulu we-NASA futhi afisa ukuvelela. Intshiseko yakhe ngokushesha yamenza waphumelela ngokushesha.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, wamiswa njengomkhuzi wemishini emibili emikhulu yasemkhathini. Owokuqala, wagibela i-Gemini 8 ngo-1966, waba umuntu wokuqala emkhathini kanjalo. Futhi, okwesibili, ngaphakathi kwe-Apollo 11, umkhumbi okwazile ukufika enyangeni ngempumelelo ephelele.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uNeil Armstrong waba yingxenye yezindondo zomlando, njengomuntu wokuqala enyangeni. Isenzo esingacabangeki nhlobo ngaleso sikhathi somlando ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Ukulandelana kwezikhathi "komuntu wokuqala enyangeni". I-Apollo 11 yenzeke kanjani?
Ngo-1969, umgomo we NASA futhi kusukela e-United States kwakucacile ngokuphelele, beka umuntu enyangeni ngokushesha. Kwakwaziwa ukuthi umcimbi omkhulu kangaka wawungeke ufezwe ngaphandle kwezingcono kakhulu, ngakho ezingcono kakhulu zazilungiswa.
Ukuthuthukiswa komkhumbi-mkhathi we-Apollo 11 kwahlanganiswa onjiniyela abakhulu ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela osebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bezisekelwe kumishini yakamuva, ukuqoqa idatha namafomula anembayo ukuze kufinyelelwe esiphethweni esanelisayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba ngumuntu wokuqala enyangeni, U-Neil Armstrong wayesevele ephethe omunye umkhumbi wohlelo lwe-Gemini. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwakhe okuqinile futhi kugunyazwe isihloko somuntu wokuqala emkhathini, wathola ithuba lokuyala u-Apollo 11. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ithemba lesintu lokuthola eminye imihlaba lalilele emahlombe akhe.
Nokho, nakuba isisindo sesisekelo esinjalo sasisikhulu kunokuphila kwakhe, u-Armstrong wafika ngempumelelo enyangeni. Impela, konke kubonakala kulula, kodwa empeleni, kunochungechunge lwezehlakalo ezihlanganisiwe okufanele zishiwo.
Ukwethulwa okunembayo nokunembe kwe-Apollo 11
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokunqoba inyanga, bekuwukuthatha uhambo oluphumelelayo nolungenaphutha. Kulokhu, ukupompa uphethiloli wemodyuli yomkhumbi, kwaqala kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-3 ngaphambili. Le nqubo ichaze ubude besikhathi esingafika emahoreni angu-8 ngaphambi kokwethulwa, igcizelela ukucophelela komcimbi.
NgoJulayi 16, 1969, uNeil Armstrong, kanye no-Edwin Aldrin kanye noMichael Collins, bakwazi ukuqhubekisela phambili umkhumbi endaweni efanele. I-Apollo, exhunywe kwirokhethi yasemkhathini ye-Saturn V, isifinyelele amandla ayo okuthungela, yandiza isuka eCape Canaveral. Lo mcimbi usakazwe kumabonakude futhi wasakazwa emhlabeni wonke, futhi uphawula ingqophamlando kamabonakude.
Uhambo olunzima olusuka eMhlabeni luye kwisathelayithi yenyanga
Isinyathelo sesibili sokuba umuntu wokuqala enyangeni sasiwukulungiselela uhambo luka-Apollo. Ngalowo mqondo, kwakufanele ihlale injalo, izungeza Umhlaba, kuyilapho imininingwane yokugcina ipholishwa. Okusho ukuthi, izinga likaphethiloli lihloliwe, amasistimu wokuzulazula nendlela okufanele uyilandele.
Lapho yonke into isimi ngononina futhi ibhekana nokuzungeza komhlaba okwesibili, i-Apollo yaqala uhambo lwayo oluya eNyangeni. Ebala amathani namathani kaphethiloli kwi-reactor yakhe yesithathu, ukwazile ukuqhubekela phambili kakhulu waze wayifinyeza. U-Armstrong kanye nenkampani kwabe sekumele benze izinguquko ezidingekayo ukuze bashayele imojula lapho beya khona.
Ekugcineni inyanga ifika
Enye yezinkinga ezihambisana nokufika kwenyanga, waphumula eqinisweni lokuhlala phezu kwesathelayithi. Ukulawula isivinini kwakubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba amandla adonsela phansi noma ezinye izici zazingase zibe nomthelela endleleni.
Nokho, ngo-July 20, 1969, u-Armstrong, u-Aldrin no-Collins bathola into ethile, kuze kube manje, eyayingenakwenzeka. Bathatha izinyathelo zokuqala enyangeni futhi, njengoba u-Armstrong esho, ifanekisela ukweqa okukhulu kwesintu.
Ukubaluleka kwendoda enyangeni. Kwakusho ukuthini ngesayensi?
Umthombo: Google
Iqiniso lokuthi lahlala enyangeni liwukubaluleka kokuqala okukhulu kokuba khona komuntu enyangeni. Noma kunjalo, kwakuyisihloko nje seqhwa olwandle lwamathuba. Okwamanje, lalimele ikhono lomuntu lokuya kweminye imihlaba lapho umzamo ohlanganyelwe ufinyelelwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthola indoda enyangeni, kwakungenzeka ukukhipha ubuso nobuso nezinto ezifanele phezulu. Ngale ndlela, kube nomthelela ekuqondeni ukuthuthukiswa kwenyanga, kanye nokwakheka kwayo ngokujwayelekile.
Uhambo luka-Apollo futhi, ikakhulukazi sibonga u-Armstrong, Baphakamise ifulegi phezulu kakhulu maqondana nezokundiza. Nokho, akungabazeki ukuthi, esikhathini esizayo, umuntu uzoqhubekela phambili. Kuyindaba yesikhathi kuphela ukulingisa okwenziwa u-Armstrong nenkampani ngaleso sikhathi.