Impendulo ivela ku- kungani izinkanyezi ezinomsila zikhanya Inikezwa ikakhulukazi ngokwezingxenye abanazo. Okusho ukuthi, lezi imizimba emincane efana ne-asteroids uma ikude neLanga, eyayihamba emigudwini eqondile eyi-elliptical eduze neLanga. Ngokuhlakazeka eduze neLanga, uguquko olumangalisayo lwenzeka njengoba lukhanyisa futhi lubonisa umsila othuthukile. I-shaft ichazwa kakhulu ngokuthi "ibhola leqhwa elingcolile" elenziwe ngeqhwa nemfucumfucu yamatshe.
Uma besondela eLangeni kuba nokuhwamuka okukhulu futhi bayakhombisa umsila we-ion nemisila yothuli. Ngalokhu, imisila ye-ion icishe ibe amaribhoni aqondile asuka ku-nucleus, kuyilapho uthuli olukhanyayo olugqamile luvame ukuba lude, lufiphele, futhi lube ne-parabolic kancane, ngaphansi kahle kokuma kwesiyingi.
Kungani inkanyezi enomsila ikhanya?
Ama-athomu omhwamuko one-ionized aphelelwe amandla emsileni awenza ajike aphumele ngaphandle, kude neLanga, ngenxa yokubusa okungenangqondo komoya welanga. Futhi, umsila wothuli unezimpushana ezinkulu futhi umsebenzi wamandla adonsela phansi ubalulekile. Uma izinhlayiya ezithonywa amandla adonsela phansi zinyakaziswa endaweni eqhelile Sol, i-radial orientation yayo ingemuva kwenucleus yenkanyezi enomsila, njengoba umjikelezo wayo we-orbital mkhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye ye-procer yezazi zezinkanyezi zase-Halley yabonisa ukuthi ukugoba okuncane kwabonwa, kuyilapho enkathini yayo eqondakala kakhulu eduze neLanga, inkanyezi enomsila ine umnyombo encane futhi eqinile ngaphezu kwebhola legesi eliyizungezile futhi ekhonjwe njengokhefana. Amakhoma atholwe enobubanzi obungu-100.000 km ngobubanzi bawo obukhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nemihlaba emikhulu kakhulu.
Ngokufanayo, ukubala okuningi kokukhanya kuvela kukhefana. Eceleni kwekhoma nemisila esobala kunengubo ye-hydrogen engakhula ibe izigidi zamakhilomitha. Ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi ezinomsila kucacile ukukhanya ekhazimula njengemihlaba, ama-comet awajabuleli noma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhanya kwawo.
ukwakheka kwenkanyezi enomsila
Ngokusho kokwakheka kwalezi zingxenye zendawo, kungatholakala ukuthi kungani izinkanyezi zikhanya. comets, lezi ngokuyinhloko zenziwe nge-ammonia, amanzi, i-magnesium, iqhwa elomile, i-methane, insimbi, i-sodium nobumba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yamazinga aphansi ezindawo lapho zitholakala khona, lezi zakhi zibekwe yiqhwa.
Okunye ukuhlola kuphawula ukuthi izinto ezifaka i- comets ziyizinto eziphilayo futhi zidlulela phambili ekuphileni, okungaholela ekudalweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwemihlaba enomthelela ngokumelene nemvelo. umhlabathi futhi kwavela izidalwa eziphilayo.
Lapho inkanyezi enomsila yembulwa izovela njengephuzu elikhanyayo, nomfudlana obonakalayo osuselwe ezinkanyezini ezigxilile. Into yokuqala ebonwayo yi-nucleus noma i-coma; ke, lapho iplanethi ifika eduze Sol, iqala ukwembula lokho esivame ukujwayele njengomsila wenkanyezi enomsila, okwenza ibukeke kahle futhi inqume ukuthi kungani inkanyezi enomsila ikhanya.
Njengoba isondela eLangeni, i-axis iyashisa futhi iqhwa liyakhuphuka, lidlule liqonde esimweni segesi. Umhwamuko we Ikhayithi ahlelwa emuva, okusuka ekudalweni komsila obheke endaweni ephambene neLanga futhi wandise izigidi zamakhilomitha.
I-Comet tails njengedatha evikelekile enokukhanya ekudlulisayo
Izinkanyezi ezinomsila zibonisa izinhlobo ezingalingani zemisila, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, futhi lezi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza inkanyezi enomsila ikhanye. Okuvame kakhulu kukhona Polvo kanye nomusi. Umsila wegesi uhlale ulawulwa ngendlela ephambene ngokumangalisayo nokukhanya kweLanga, kuyilapho umsila wothuli ushona phansi ingxenye ye-inertia eyindilinga, yakheka phakathi komsila wokuqala kanye nendlela yenkanyezi enomsila.
Ukuhlangana kwama-photon inkanyezi enomsila ewathatha njengemvula, ngaphandle kokushisa, ibambisana nokukhanya kwalezi zindikimba zasemkhathini, okubonakala lapho igijima isikrini senkanyezi enomsila, ngaleyo ndlela ikhipha imisebe ye-athomu yothuli ngokukhanya kwelanga. kunkanyezi enomsila I-Hale-Bopp uhlobo lwesithathu lomsila oluhlanganiswe ne-sodium ions lwembulwa.
Imisila yenkanyezi enomsila ikhula kakhulu, ifinyelela izigidi zamamayela. Endabeni yenkanyezi enomsila edumile i-1P/Halley, ekubonakalisweni kwayo ngo-1910, umsila wafinyelela cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-30, ingxenye eyodwa kwesihlanu yendlela yomgwaqo. Umhlaba elangeni.
Njalo uma inkanyezi enomsila ihamba eduze kwe Sol iyawohloka, ngesizathu sokuthi ingxenye emoshayo ayivuselelwa neze. Ngokwesilinganiso, inkanyezi enomsila kulindeleke ukuthi idlule izikhathi ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili eduze neLanga ngaphambi kokuba iphakame ngokugcwele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, endleleni yenkanyezi enomsila, ishiya isamba esikhulu sezingxenye ezincane zezingxenye zenkanyezi enomsila; lapho cishe lonke iqhwa lase-ethereal selixoshiwe futhi lingaseneli ukuthi aliphathe ikhoma, kuthiwa inkanyezi enomsila.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zisikisela ukuthi inkanyezi enomsila imile, isesimweni seqhwa nothuli, isisekelo somthala wasendulo indawo yonke eyadalwa ngawo. Uhlelo lomkhathi futhi kamuva izinkanyezi nezinyanga zazo zagxila. Ngalesi sizathu i-thesis yenkanyezi enomsila inganikeza izimpawu zezinhlobo zalelo fu eliyinhloko.
Imibono yososayensi ehlobene nokuthi kungani izinkanyezi ezinomsila zikhanya
Ososayensi bathola ukuthi izinkanyezi ezinomsila ziyimfucumfucu eshiywe yi-solar nebula egxile ekwakheni iLanga nomhlaba wesimiso sonozungezilanga. Iningi lalezi zindikimba ze-cosmic kukholakala ukuthi ziqala efwini elisabekayo elicashuniwe ''Ifu le-Oort''. Kukholelwa ukuthi leli fu lizungeza isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga futhi lifinyelela ngaphezu kwengxenye yebanga enkanyezini eseduze, i-Alpha Centauri, eqhele ngezingxenye ezingu-150.000 100 zasemkhathini. Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezingaba yizigidi eziyikhulu zizungeza iLanga.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkanyezi enomsila inesikhungo esibizwa ngokuthi i-nucleus. Iningi labacwaningi likholelwa ukuthi umongo wamanzi ajiyile futhi ukwakheka komhwamuko onothuli nezinto ezinamatshe. Izimbazo ze comets achazwa ngokuthi "amabhola eqhwa angcolile." Ifu elikhethe ukhefana lizungeza ukugxila kwenkanyezi enomsila. I-coma kanye ne-nucleus ehlangene kudala inhloko yenkanyezi enomsila.
Kulolu hlelo lwemibono, kuthiwa ama-comet ahlukahlukene angena emzileni we-elliptical bese ebuyela ngezikhathi ezithile ohlelweni. i-solar ngaphakathi lapho zingabonwa ziseMhlabeni ngezikhathi ezicacile. Izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezimfishane kakhulu, okuyi-Halley's Comet edume kakhulu kuzo, zibuya eminyakeni engaba ngu-200.
inkanyezi enomsila Halley yenza ukubonakaliswa kwayo kwethu iplanethi njalo eminyakeni engu-76 izikhathi eziningi ekuphileni komuntu kungabonakala kanye kuphela, kukhona abantu abambalwa abavame ukujabulela le ngxenye enhle yendawo yonke yethu, egcizelela ukuthi i-cola ngokusebenzisa izithako zayo ezihlukahlukene banesibopho sokuphendula njalo impendulo yokuthi kungani izinkanyezi ezinomsila zikhanya.