Ezincwadini kukhona okuthiwa izinkondlo zephrozi ukuthi ziwuhlobo oluhlanganisa ingxenye yokubhala ehlanganiswe nezinkondlo. Kubathandi balolu hlobo lokubhala kwe-paradisical, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lesi sihloko.
Izinkondlo Zephrozi: Isingeniso
Izinkondlo zephrozi, ziyisitayela sokubhala okuhlangene, okungeyona indaba, noma inkondlo ngendlela evamile, edida incazelo yayo. Nokho, kuyacabangela, okwenza kube nobunye.
Inkondlo yephrozi ohlotsheni lwe-Homeric kanye ne-ephemeral yemibono yesimanje. Le nkulumo iwukuqinisekiswa kwefomu lombhalo njengochungechunge lwemithetho elawula ukuguquguquka kwamagama, ngenani elikwaziyo nelifanele, mayelana neminye imibono yezigaba ezifanayo ezisebenzayo nezibonakala ziyiqiniso.
Kungenzeka ukuthi inkondlo yephrozi iwukuphela kohlobo lombhalo olusha lwenani elivamile elikhiqizwa ezikhathini zangaleso sikhathi, okusho ukuthi, ngemva noma kusukela ekukhanyeni okusha kwe-neoclassical.
Kukhona ukuxhumana okusobala nokukhangayo phakathi kwenkondlo yephrozi, isiqeshana kanye nendatshana ngobuhle, okokuqala, kufanele kwaziwe, ngenhlanhla yomlando bese kuba nentshisekelo yemibhalo esicini esithile. Njengesici sesibili, ngenxa yemibandela yezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-laconicism ukuthi ngandlela-thile iphazamisa bonke. Sikumema ukuba uqhubeke ujabulele ukufunda ngokufunda esinye isihloko esithakazelisayo esibizwa ngokuthi Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Morphological
Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi umqondo wamanje wokuvukela okhonjiswa kahle yizinhlobo zemibhalo, ukukhathazeka sekukonke futhi ohlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezintathu nemiqondo ekhonjisiwe, ikakhulukazi inkondlo yephrozi nocezu lobuciko. Inkondlo yephrozi iyigugu njengesifiso se-synopsis.
Kunemithombo eyinhloko yokudideka ebonakala sengathi:
- Ukufanekiswa kohlobo ngendlela yestanza samahhala
- Ukufanekiswa kohlobo ngohlobo lwenkondlo yakudala.
- Ukufanekiswa kohlobo ngokuhumusha noma ukulotshwa kwemisebenzi yemibhalo eqondiswe kunganekwane noma endala, okuthi phambi kwamehlo omfundi, kungenelele amandla esikhumbuzo nemibala egqamile yesisho samagama.
- Ukufanekiswa kohlobo ngokubuyela ezimpikiswaneni zempilo yansuku zonke ku-epic kusilulumagama salo
Origen
Inkondlo yephrozi ivela nge-idyllic prose. I-epic prose, iyaqhubeka ibe ku-prose, into eyengeziwe yombhalo noma uphawu lwesitayela sayo, ngaphandle kwalokho iqukethe inkondlo. Ungase ube nentshisekelo yokufunda Ngiculela iBolivar
Izinkondlo zothando kanye nomjikelezo we-Ossian
Ngama-1800s, nge-romanticism ephelele, ukukhetha okuqhubekayo kokubhala okuqondiswe kubuhle be-absolute, ubuhle bokuphakama obuvela ezintweni ezibonakalayo, nokuthi izakhiwo zakho zingenelela ngobuningi, okwaphakade noma okungapheli kungabongwa. .
Lesi sitayela sivela kabusha ukuze sivuselele isithakazelo ezinkondlweni, njengoba sifana kakhulu nalezi zici, ngokuphikisana ngokusobala nekhulu leminyaka lolwazi oluyifanelekele njengomshayeli weqiniso. Nokho, isimo sezinkondlo siya ngokuya sikhululeka, ivesi liyehla liye emithethweni yesigqi futhi isigqi singqubuzana nemizwa ethile.
U-François-René, uViscount Chateaubriand, usopolitiki waseFrance, usopolitiki kanye nomlobi, umsunguli we-romanticism ezincwadini zesi-French, ukhetha ukuthwebula i-epic ye-poetic prose. Abafel 'ukholo bango-1809, ngaphambi kokuthatha izingozi ngendlela ezisanzima ngayo izinkondlo.
Ukuhunyushwa okusolwa kwe-prose kaJames Macpherson, owaziwa ngegama lakhe elihlukile, okusho igama elingamanga elamukelwa umbhali, e-Celtic bard Ossián, imbongi yaseScotland ye-Pre-romaticism kanye ne-epic kaFingal, eyenziwa ngonyaka we-1761 futhi yaqoqa unyaka owodwa ngaleso sikhathi isixhumanisi samavesi amasha ku-Works of Ossian, kuzoba okucacile ekuvunyelweni kokuqala okusemthethweni kobuciko mayelana nalolu hlobo.
Kubhekiselwa emsebenzini wokubhala, owaziwa kakhulu ngokubi kuwo wonke umhlaba waseNtshonalanga wezikhathi, izingxenye zawo ezizohunyushwa zisuka olimini lwesiJalimane nguGoethe eWerther, okuwumsebenzi oyintandokazi kaNapoleon noma uWalter Scott ngokufanayo.
Umbono ovulekile wenkondlo ye-prose awulibazisi ukusetshenziswa, nokho, uyaqhubeka nokuthethelela ukuhunyushwa kwezinkondlo zakwamanye amazwe noma zakudala, njengoba kwenzeka ngezingoma zesiMalagasy zika-Évariste Parny (Chansons Madécasses of the year 1787, noma La Guzla de Mérimée , kusukela ngonyaka ka-1827 ngesiFulentshi.
Ngokuqhubekayo, uhlobo lucacisiwe futhi lwatholakala: UMaurice de Guérin neThe Centaur, incwadi eyabhalwa ngo-1837 futhi yanyatheliswa ngo-1840, kanye ne-La bacchante, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1862; uyazi ngonyaka we-1838 u-Xavier Forneret, ushicilela iqoqo elibizwa ngokuthi "Vapeurs, nover vers nor prose", elihunyushwa ngokuthi "Vapores, noma ivesi noma i-prose", futhi kamuva uJules Lefèvre-Deumier nomsebenzi wakhe womhambi "Livre du promeneur", ngonyaka we-1854.
U-Aloysius Bertrand
ULouis Jacques Napoléon Bertrand, owaziwa ngobuciko ngokuthi u-Aloysius Bertrand, wayeyimbongi yaseFrance ye-Romanticism, futhi ngale mpikiswano yasobala ngo-1842, uGaspar de la noche.
Kumayelana nekhwalithi yomsindo wokubhala kwakhe kanye nokuqwashisa ngobuhle ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe imelela ukukhombisa inkohliso ngesitayela sika-Rembrandt noCallot, umsebenzi wokugcina wokubhala ka-Aloysius Bertrand, owashona ngonyaka owandulele wokuphindeka kwesifo sofuba esikhungweni sasesibhedlela, ezikhathini lapho kuphela abadelelekile bashonela esibhedlela, futhi bafanelekela umbhalo wokusungula wenkondlo yephrozi eFrance.
Imbongi u-Aloysius Bertrand isebenzisa, isebenzisa uhlamvu lwe-Gothic evocation ukulangazelela izehlakalo eziphuphile noma ezikhohlisayo ku-verbiage, ekhulisa imizwa yendaba. Lo mbhali uchazwa njengomsunguli weqiniso wohlobo, nokho, ochwepheshe abathile bekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye bahlukanisa imbongi eyazalelwa eFrance uMaurice de Guérin,
I-Baudelaire nokuqinisekiswa kobulili
UCharles Pierre Baudelaire, imbongi, umbhali wendatshana, ijaji lezobuciko kanye nomhumushi wemvelaphi yesiFulentshi, uma elele ngokungenzi lutho, nguyena ophinde wembula umsebenzi kaBertrand, umlingiswa omkhuthazayo ngengoma yakhe ethi "Izinkondlo Ezincane Zephrozi", odume ngayo. isihlokwana esithi "Spleen in Paris", igama uhlobo olusha olucaciswe ngalo.
Ngonyaka we-1862, wathumela incwadi kumshicileli wakhe u-Arsène Houssaye, futhi osebenza njengesingeniso sencwadi ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1869, imbongi u-Baudelaire, udalula indlela i-prose enekhono ngayo lapho imizwa yangaleso sikhathi ivezwa kabusha, ikakhulukazi ku- idolobha, eliba yizindikimba eziyintandokazi zenkondlo yephrozi:
“Kumele ngivume isono. Futhi kwakungenkathi ngiphenya, okwesikhathi samashumi amabili okungenani, iGaspar de la noche edumile ka-Aloysius Bertrand (incwadi eyaziwa nguwe, mina nabanye abangani, ubungeke ube nelungelo lokubizwa ngodumile?) owafika kimi umqondo wokuzama okuthile okufana, usebenzisa incazelo yempilo yesimanje, noma kunalokho, yempilo yesimanje engabonakali, inqubo ayisebenzisa emdwebeni wempilo yasendulo, ebukeka ngendlela emangalisayo.".
Ngemva kokwethula umsebenzi wakhe othi "Izinkondlo ezincane ku-prose", izifinyezo zalolu hlobo zanda. U-Stéphane Mallarmé, imbongi engumFulentshi nomhlaziyi, usekela kanye ne-Illuminations, okuyiqoqo lezinkondlo ze-prose ezibhalwe imbongi yesiFulentshi u-Arthur Rimbaud; U-Édouard Joachim Corbière, owaziwa ngelikaTristan Corbière; noma futhi uCharles Cros wayengusosayensi wefiziksi waseFrance, imbongi kanye nomsunguli. Ukulahla indaba yokuthi lolu hlobo lwakha indawo yesigameko senkondlo yamahhala.
Inkondlo yephrozi iwuhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi olukwazi ukunquma, oluvame ukukhonjiswa njengokulandisa okufushane, nokho, yehluka esenzweni, ngesitatimende sayo esicasulayo ngezibalo nokuvumelana, ukudluliswa kwemizwa enamandla, kanye nokunyamalala kwe uhlamvu oluqondile kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona njalo ukuthi kungenzeka ukubhala okungaqondakali, okwenzekayo ocabanga ukuthi "Isiteshi Esihogweni" sika-Rimbaud, izinsolo ezingaphezu kwenkondlo. Kulolu hlaka, ekupheleni kwe-absolutism yesibili, i-Count of Lautréamont yaveza ngo-1869 "Cantos de Maldoror", lapho kuhlanganiswe khona izinkondlo ze-prose zangempela, zonke ezakha i-elementi, izingxenyana zomsebenzi, imininingwane yamaphupho kanye ne-obfuscations. , ehlanganiswe umlingiswa kaMaldoror, uchungechunge lwezingoma eziyisithupha zezinkondlo, umsebenzi womlobi u-Isidore Ducasse.
Izici
Kubalulekile ukwazisa umfundi ngezici ezizungeze lolu hlobo lwemibhalo, okuyilezi:
- Izinto ezifanayo ezivela enkondlweni zingahlolwa, njengalezi: i-epic verbose, ukuziphatha kobunkondlo, umenziwa kanye nengxabano.
- Ayiqukethe izici ezisemthethweni, isigqi kanye ne-copla.
- Ihlukile enkondlweni, ngoba ivezwe ngephrozi nasenganekwaneni noma endabeni exoxwayo, ngoba inhloso yayo akukhona ikakhulukazi ukuhlobanisa izehlakalo, kodwa ukudlulisa imizwa, imizwa kanye nokushaqeka.