Ukubonakaliswa kobuciko kwamaMayans kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu zohlobo lwazo ngesikhathi sangaphambi kweSpanishi, hhayi nje ngezimfanelo zabo zobuciko nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuchaza kabanzi, kodwa futhi njengendlela yokuqhubeka nokufunda ngalesi siko. Ngalesi sihloko, sikumema ukuthi wazi Umdwebo wamaMayan nokuningi
Umdwebo wamaMayan
Njengokubonakaliswa kwesiko labo, imidwebo yamaMeya ibonisa imibono, imibono kanye nokuhlolwa kwesiko labo, imvelo kanye nomhlaba. Ukuba into esungulwe ekuboniseni imidwebo yakhe, ikakhulukazi emidwebeni yasezindongeni, naku-porcelain nama-codices, okuhlanganisa izigcawu eziningi ezinemibhalo ye-hieroglyphic ebonisa ngokunembile impilo yakhe yansuku zonke, izinkolelo, izinkolo ngisho nekhalenda lamaMayan.
Amasu Nezitayela zomdwebo wamaMayan
Amasu nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ukwenza umdwebo wamaMayan zapheleliswa ngemuva kokungena kweTeotihuacan. Okwaqala ngenqubo yokubeka ungqimba lomcako oluhlanganiswe ne-limestone ehlungiwe, kanye neglue yemvelo endaweni lapho kuzokwenziwa khona umdwebo odongeni, lokhu kwehlisa ukumuncwa okwanele kombala ozobekwa kamuva.
Ngokuqondene nokuthola imibala, basebenzisa indlela yokushisa, eyayisekelwe ekuhlanganiseni izingulube zemvelo ne-lime kanye ne-organic adhesive substances, lokhu kunikeze ukunamathela okungcono kwamapende, ukumelana nokuhamba kwesikhathi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Kodwa-ke, umdwebo wamaMaya wawuhluke kakhulu futhi lo mehluko wawuvame ukubonakala phakathi kwemiphakathi yamaMeya ezindaweni ezahlukene. Isibonelo salokhu yimiklamo esetshenziswa kwezobuciko babo, kuyilapho endaweni emaphakathi ngokuvamile basebenzisa imiklamo yemvelo efana nezitshalo nezilwane, lezo ezisenyakatho zikhetha imiklamo enezibalo zejometri.
Ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa okwenziwe emidwebeni yokudweba, amaMeya asebenzisa lobu buciko ukuze ahlobise futhi ahlobise izinto ezifana nezimbiza zobumba, izitsha zobumba, izindonga namakhodidi. Le miklamo yayicaciswe kahle kangangokuthi ukucwiliswa, ukuqedwa nobuhle bawo akuzange kubonakale.
Imidwebo yaseMural
Imidwebo yaseMayan eyatholwa futhi ekhona namuhla, isongwe kumongo womlando wabo, ilandisa izimpi, imikhosi yemikhosi, imihlatshelo, izivivinyo, izingxabano phakathi kwempucuko kanye nempi yabanqobi baseSpain. Ngokufanayo, bachaza imikhuba namasiko osuku lwabo nosuku, kanye nengxenye yomlando wabo wezinganekwane, imiyalezo evela konkulunkulu babo noma imiklamo yezimbali nje.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umdwebo wamaMaya ugqame ngokuba ngokoqobo kwawo okukhulu kanye nezindlela zawo eziphelele ezisetshenzisiwe. Phakathi kwemisebenzi etholwe edume kakhulu eyenziwe amaMayans, sine:
- bonampak: Kuleli thempeli, imidwebo yasodongeni ingabonakala ezindaweni ezintathu ezihlukene, ezinokubonakaliswa emdwebeni wamaMayan, omele izigcawu nezicukuthwane, izimpi, imihlatshelo kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke zalo mphakathi.
- San Bartolo: Lokhu kungenye yezibonakaliso zakudala zalesi siko; Lezi zithombe zasezindongeni zenziwa kumakhava e-stucco ahlukahlukene futhi zapendwa kusetshenziswa okumnyama, obomvu, ophuzi nomhlophe. Indaba eboniswa lapha ngekankulunkulu wommbila kanye neqhawe eliyiwele uHunahpú, lapho kufanekiselwa khona ukubekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi kabili. Lo mdwebo wamaMaya ungatholakala endaweni yokuvubukula yamaMayans, edolobheni laseSan Bartolo ePetén - eGuatemala.
Ukuhambisana komdwebo wamaMaya kulele ekutheni bakhazimulisa izimo zomlando futhi babonakalisa izici ezahlukahlukene zesiko labo.
I-Ceramic Ependiwe
Abadwebi bama-Mayan babazi ngokuqondisisa okumangalisayo, ukuhlanganisa izibalo zobuciko nama-hieroglyphs ukuze basungule imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ku-ceramics, lapho ubuchwepheshe babo be-cosmogonic kanye nesiko lamasiko kubonakala khona; le misebenzi, ngokuqashelwa, phakathi kwenhle kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ubunkimbinkimbi bezobuchwepheshe bezitsha zobumba ezinemibala yamaMayans abunakuqhathaniswa nanoma yiliphi elinye isiko lasendulo noma lamanje emhlabeni. Ababumbi baseMayan babumba izingcezu ngesandla, bengeza imiqulu emincane yobumba esisekelweni esimise okwe-tortilla, ukuze benze imisebenzi evumelanayo nelinganiselayo enemiphetho emihle kakhulu. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi lolu hlobo lokudweba luye lwasetshenziswa emasikweni amaningi, akekho odlula iMeya ngokupholishwa okuphezulu kwezindawo ezingaphezulu, ububanzi bemibala kanye nesiphetho sayo esihle.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko esimayelana ne-Mayan Painting sinentshisekelo, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye izihloko: