I-Los amaphaneli elanga o Amamojula elanga angamadivayisi aheha amandla avela emisebeni yelanga ukuze asetshenziswe. Leli gama libhekisela kubaqoqi belanga, abasetshenziswa cishe ukusungula amanzi ashisayo asekhaya ngokusebenzisa amandla elanga amamojula ashisayo, kanye ne-photovoltaic, asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi ngokusebenzisa amandla elanga e-photovoltaic.
Incazelo yamaphaneli elanga
Incazelo ecacile amaphaneli elanga ajwayele ukuyiveza yile:
1. Amaphaneli e-Photovoltaic
Akhiwe ngamaseli amaningi guqula i ukukhanya kugesi. Amaseli ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-photovoltaic. Lawa maseli asuka kumphumela we-photovoltaic lapho amandla okukhanya aqala khona ukushaja okuhle nokubi kumasekhethi ahlanganisiwe amabili ahlangene wesibonelo esingalingani, ngaleyo ndlela abangele inkambu kagesi ekwazi ukudala ukunyakaza.
amathuluzi amaseli elanga Ngokuvamile ziyi-silicon eguquguqukayo noma i-gallium arsenide. Izingilazi ze-Gallium arsenide zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-photovoltaic, kuyilapho izibuko ze-silicon zisetshenziswa ngama-ingots ashibhile, a-odiwe, adalwe ikakhulukazi ngezindleko zokukhiqiza ama-microelectronics. I-silicon ye-polycrystalline inamandla aphansi okuguqula, kodwa futhi iphansi ngentengo.
Uma kukhonjiswa ukukhanya kwelanga okwamanje, iseli ye-silicon engu-6 cm ku-axis ingabangela izinga elingaba ngu-0,5 A elilingana no-0,5 V. I-Gallium arsenide inamandla kakhulu kune-silicon, kodwa ibiza kakhulu.
Isakhiwo sephaneli yelanga
Izinhlanganisela ukuze ubambe i amaphaneli ama-solar panel ngokuvamile enziwe nge-aluminium ngezikulufo zensimbi ezingazweli ukuqinisekisa ukushesha okukhulu nokungaguquguquki okukhulu nokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izakhiwo zinezimo ezijwayelekile zesikhala, indawo kanye nokwehlukana, futhi zinendawo evundlile kodwa futhi eqondile (yonke into yokunambitheka kwalabo abazobasiza)
Isakhiwo ngokuvamile sakhiwa ama-aluminium cantons, i-groove yokulungisa, i-bevel, izintambo zokubopha (i-angle-engeli engunxantathu), i-screw ye-Allen (imvamisa enentongomane okuvunyelwene ngayo, yokuhlanganisa iphaneli) kanye ne-zeta fastener yokunamathela module futhi izandiso zihambisana nobukhulu bephaneli yelanga.
Ukusebenza kwamapaneli elanga
Ukwazi ukuthi ama-solar panel asebenza kanjani Kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokungena ngokugcwele amandla elanga. Kulo myalelo wemibono, emigqeni yangaphambilini kwachazwa ukuthi iyiphi iphaneli yelanga nokuthi ihlelwe kanjani, noma kunjalo, manje ngizochaza kahle ukuthi isebenza kanjani ngendlela efanele.
Amandla elanga okusetshenziselwa ama-solar panel
Ngaphambi kokwenza uphenyo mayelana nendlela ama-solar panels asebenza ngayo, okungenzeka ukuthi izikhathi eziningi ziye zabonakala ophahleni oluhlukahlukene lwezakhiwo noma izindlu, kuyadingeka ukwazi ngendlela ethile ukuthi ubuchwepheshe busekelwe kuphi. amandla elanga.
Ngokufanayo, siqonda njengamandla elanga lokho okuvela ku- umnyombo wenkanyezi yethu inkosi noma owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi el sol. Isuka ngenxa yokuguqulwa kokuqedwa kwezikhali zenuzi nangenxa yokuqukethwe bukhoma kwamandla adonsela phansi okungaphansi kwayo. Ilanga elihlanganiswe yi-hydrogen futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile liyancibilika lenze i-helium.
Lesi sifundo sikhulula amanani amaningi wamandla, avela ku-eksisi ye izinkanyezi futhi uhambe endaweni yonke iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Iplanethi yethu, eseduze nelanga, ithatha amandla ayo futhi iwenze ngezindlela ezahlukene, ukuze umkhathi kanye ne-magnetosphere ikhiphe ingxenye enkulu yemisebe eyingozi yelanga, kodwa ivumela amabanga amagagasi afanele ukuba adlule ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo futhi i-infrared, ukuze lokho esikuthatha kakhulu ukukhanya kanye nesasasa.
Amandla asebe ngomunye wemisebenzi yezimoto empilweni yethu njengoba sijwayele ukuwenza, ngoba aqala alungiswa kakhulu. Imiphumela endizeni yeplanethi: phakathi kokunye, imimoya, ukuhleleka kwamafu nemvula noma izinto ezintsha zesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke.
Umuntu uye wafuna ukuphenya futhi akhe izindlela ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zokujabulela la mandla kanye iguqule ibe yisekelo lempilo emhlabeni futhi yingakho kule mizuzu ubuchwepheshe buthuthukiswa ngamandla ukuze kususwe la mandla atholakala elangeni futhi aguqule abe amandla okusetshenziswa kubantu.
Izinzuzo ezinikezwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamaphaneli elanga
Lo amaphaneli elanga ujabulele uchungechunge oluhle kakhulu eziguqula zibe enye yezinketho ezihlangene kakhulu zesikhathi esizayo. Phakathi kwabo kugqame:
1. Ukuguqulwa kwemisebe yelanga
Inzuzo eqinisekile kakhulu yama-solar panel ukuthi afaneleka ukuguqula imisebe ilanga elinikeza amandla. Ngakho-ke, isekelwe emandleni aguquguqukayo futhi angapheli. I amandla ilanga alikho engozini yokunyamalala, ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokuthi izophela, okungenani eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbalwa.
2. Amandla ahlanzekile
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyindlela yokukhiqiza amandla ahlanzekile ngokuphelele. Ama-solar panel awadingi izindlela zamakhemikhali, awadingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lukaphethiloli. Ngamanye amazwi, abavezi noma yiluphi uhlobo izinto ezakhayo ukuze umkhathi futhi azikusizi ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nomphumela weshede.
3. Sala kahle ukuchitha
Ukusebenzisa ama-solar kungaqeda inkinga yokuqoqwa kwemfucuza. Izibaseli zemivubukulo zithatha iminyaka ukunyamalala, zigcwalise izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ukuze zichichime futhi zithelele umoya, amanzi nomhlaba. Ukuze ungakhulumi ngokuqoqwa kwe imfucumfucu evela kumandla e-athomu.
4. Ukuphela kwezinhlekelele zemvelo
ngamandla elanga izinhlekelele zemvelo zaziyophela njengalezo ezenzeke ezikhungweni zokuphehla amandla enuzi njengeChernobyl noma iFukushima nezinye ezinyakaziswa ngezikhathi ezithile, njengokuchitheka kukawoyela okuklebhula amabhishi nezindawo zasolwandle.
5. Basiza ukuzimela
Amaphaneli elanga angavumela, isibonelo, ukudlula ukuya kumanje ezindaweni ezingasizwa kakhulu, lapho kungafinyeleli ngisho nalapho kuxhunywa khona ugesi.
6. Ama-solar panel angabekwa ngezinga elikhulu
Ukubangela amandla ngamanani amakhulu, noma egameni lezisekelo ezincane zasekhaya, ukuthi abe nenani amandla kwe bra Ngendlela efanayo ingasebenza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komphakathi ekukhanyeni, ngokusebenzisa izibani zelanga, isibonelo. Amafa ahlukahlukene.
Iziphetho mayelana nama-solar panel
Umsebenzi wamaphaneli elanga usekelwe kumphumela we-photovoltaic, oqala lapho, kumasekethe ahlanganisiwe avamile, i-radiation yelanga ebanga ugesi njengoba sengike ngabamba izigaba ezedlule.
Ngokuphazima kweso ukuthi imisebe yelanga ihlala ingaqinisekile, ukungalingani kubuswa ku ukukhanya ukuxhumana ikhono lakhe kuma-electron yamathuluzi e-semi-conductor lawo, ngaleso sikhathi, angacekela phansi umgoqo osebenzayo we-PN junction, futhi ngaleyo ndlela aphume ku-semi-conductor ngokusebenzisa ikhontayutha yangaphandle.
Ngokufanayo, lawa maseli e-photovoltaic alungiswa ngezindlela eziningi ukuze afinyelele kokubili amandla kagesi afunekayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela akwazi ukuthola ukuthi amandla elanga agcina esenziwe amandla angasetshenziswa. Hhayi ize, sicabanga imodeli encane kakhulu ngeseli ye-photovoltaic eyenziwe nge-semi-conductive impahla ene-PN junction kanye ne okulingana nokuvela ugesi.
Akumele sikushiye eceleni kuleli phuzu ukuthi iphaneli ye-photovoltaic iqokwe njengenhlanganisela yamaseli kubakaki abalula futhi anemimbo evikelayo ezintweni. umkhathi.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amandla elanga ngokusebenzisa ama-solar panel ingasungulwa ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi ujabulele ukuphishekela okushintshe kakhulu njengoba kushiwo ezahlukweni ezedlule.