Ngokwezifundo zesayensi yeplanethi, uMhlaba wadalwa ekuqaleni ukungqubuzana nokuxubana kwezingcezu zamatshe amancane kakhulu, okuthi ngokwesayensi zibizwe ngokuthi ama-planetesimals, kodwa uma ufuna ukwazi yonke into ngawo. imvelaphi kanye nokuvela komhlaba, Sikumema ukuba ufunde lesi sihloko.
Umsuka Womhlaba
Uma sihlaziya i- imvelaphi kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo komhlaba Esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga, ngokwazi kwethu, siwukuphela kweplanethi ukuphila okukhona, ngoba akuzange kwenzeke ukuthola izimpawu zokuphila kwenye iplanethi eseduze nathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuhlukaniseni amaplanethi, uMhlaba ungomkhulu kunawo wonke amaplanethi atholakala endaweni engaphakathi yesimiso sonozungezilanga nokuthi, njengamanye amaplanethi ayingxenye yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, kwakhiwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-4,6. .
Kuyaziwa ukuthi iplanethi enguMhlaba kanye ne-Solar System yonkana, imvelaphi yakho yaba yi-nebula etholakala emaphethelweni e-Milky Way. Le nqubo yaqala eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4600 edlule, lapho uthuli negesi ku-nebula iqala ukufingqa, mhlawumbe ngenxa yegagasi lokushaqisa elibangelwa inkanyezi eqhumayo.
Ngesikhashana nje, zonke lezo zinto ezazisakazeke emkhathini zaqala ukujiya futhi zinyakaza, kwakheka into efana ncamashi nediski. Ngaphakathi kwalelo cwecwe, ingxenye enkulu yenqwaba ekhona kuyi- nebula yahlanganiswa, eyaqala ukucindezela nokunyusa izinga lokushisa layo, kwaze kwaba yilapho ukushisa kwesikhungo kungase kubangele ukuhlangana kwenyukliya phakathi kwama-athomu e-hydrogen, okwaqala ukukhanya ngenxa yawo. ilanga
Manje, indaba ekhona kuyi- nebula engazange ibe yingxenye yelanga yaqhubeka ijikeleza ngokwayo ngenxa yomphumela wamandla adonsela phansi. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lalincipha, kwakungenzeka ukuthi kwakheka izingcezu eziqinile ezingangezinhlamvu zesihlabathi ezaqala ukushayisana, zakha imizimba ethile ebizwa ngokuthi amaplanethi.
Kamuva, amaplanethi aqala ukungqubuzana, kwaze kwaba yilapho kwakhiwa amaplanethi angaphakathi, anokuminyana okuphezulu kanye namaplanethi asele anegesi ngokwemvelo futhi ahlukaniswa njengamaplanethi angaphandle, ngoba akhiwe ngendlela ehlukile futhi ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo. amazinyo, abakwazanga ukufeza ukuminyana.
Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo
Ngenxa yalokhu kushaqeka, izingxenye zoMhlaba wokuqala bekufanele zisakazwe ngendlela elinganayo, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi leyo bhalansi yashintsha.
Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngoba uMhlaba waqala inqubo yokushisa ngenxa yokubola kwe-radioactive, amandla okucindezela angaphakathi aqala ukwanda futhi nangenxa yokungena kwama-athomu ezinto ezivela endaweni yonke.
Ngenxa yamandla amakhulu akhiqizwe, kwakungenzeka ukuthi izinto ezisansimbi zihlangane futhi, ekubeni into esesimweni esiwuketshezi esinevolumu enkulu ngesisindo, yayicindezelekile futhi umhlaba wokuqala wawutholakala ngaphakathi, lapho i-nucleus isakhiwo sakhiwa.Umhlaba. Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka kamuva, ongqimbeni olwakheka ngaphandle komhlaba, kwavela izindawo zokuqala ezihlala emhlabeni ezizungezwe amanzi.
Ukuqhuma komhlaba
Ngokusho kwe- I-athikili Yokudalulwa Kwesayensi Yesistimu Yelanga ezisungulwe phezu ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kweplanethi enguMhlaba, Isikhathi eside, iplanethi yethu yakhiwe ngamanzi angama-71%, asakazwa phakathi kwezilwandle, izilwandle, amachibi kanye nemifula; kanye namaphesenti angamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye omhlaba, owenziwe ngamazwekazi.
Indlela okubonakala ngayo njengamanje isuka ohlelweni lokuguqulwa koqweqwe lomhlaba olungathathwa njengesikhashana noma unomphela, kuye ngezici zawo, okuye kwaba umphumela wokubonakaliswa okuhlukene kwamandla akhona emhlabeni wethu, okungaba awangaphandle. uhlobo, olubizwa nangokuthi i-exogenous, noma uhlobo lwangaphakathi, olubizwa ngokuthi i-endogenous.
Uma sifuna ukuhlaziya amandla angaphakathi noma angaphakathi, sizothola ukuthi phakathi kwawo kukhona lawo akhululwa lapho ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic plate kwenzeka, lawo akhululwa ngokukhuphuka kwezintaba noma lapho kuqhuma izintaba-mlilo.
Kodwa uma lokhu esikhuluma ngakho kungamandla angaphandle noma angaphandle, lapho sinawo amandla angavela emanzini, kungaba yizimvula, amandla okunyakaza kolwandle akha ugu, noma lawo aphuma emifuleni nasemifuleni. amachibi. Futhi kungamandla angaphandle akhiqiza umoya neqhwa, kungaba esimweni sokuma noma ekuhlanganiseni.
I-Leaching kanye ne-sedimentation
Lezi zakhi zabangela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinqubo ze-leaching, okuyisenzakalo esingokomzimba esenzeka lapho imizimba emincane ingena emanzini kodwa ibe nesisindo esiqondile esiphezulu futhi ngenxa yalokho ishona phansi; kanye nezinqubo lapho kuvela khona izingqimba zenhlabathi, okuwukuqoqwa kwezinto ezikhiqizwa ukuguguleka futhi ezihanjiswe kude nendawo yazo ngamanzi, lapho ubuso bomhlaba bulokhu bushintsha njalo.
Esinye isici esingabhekwa njengamandla aguqulayo okukhululwa komhlaba kuwumphumela umuntu awukhiqizayo endaweni yakhe, okwathi ngamandla akhe nokusungula kwakhe, ukwazile ukuguqula nokuguqula indawo esemhlabeni ngendlela ebonakalayo. La mandla asetshenziswa umuntu endaweni yakhe abizwa ngokuthi amandla anthropogenic,
Umsuka kanye nethiyori ye-Big Bang
Kuye kwasungulwa imibono eminingana mayelana nokuzalwa nokwakheka kwendawo yonke. Enye yazo, ngo-1948, yahlongozwa isazi sesayensi yemvelo uGeorge Anthony Gamow (1904-1968), owasungula umbono owamukelwa kabanzi emhlabeni wesayensi, i-Big Bang theory.
Kulo mbono, kuthiwa indawo yonke cishe yaba nomsuka wawo eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi noma eziyishumi nanhlanu edlule, nokuthi lokhu kwakuwumphumela wokuqhuma okukhulu, okubangelwa ukuqhuma kwe-athomu yokuqala ubukhulu bayo babuncane kunalokho. wekhanda likaphini.
Ukulandela lokhu kuqhuma okukhulu, kucatshangelwa ukuthi ama-photon, ama-electron, ama-neutron nama-proton adalwe, ekuqaleni ayesezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lokushisa. Lapho lezi zinhlayiya ezingaphansi kwe-athomu zikwazi ukuhlangana, kwadalwa ama-athomu okuqala, okwakuyi-hydrogen ne-helium, okwakuyizakhi zokuqala okwakungadalwa kuzo izinto.
Isisekelo sethiyori ye-Big Bang
Ithiyori yeBig Bang inesisekelo sayo setiyori ezicini ezintathu:
- I-Universe isakhula ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu. Leso isiphetho ngemva kokukwazi ukubona ukuthi imithala iyaqhela komunye nomunye. Izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zakwazi ukubala ijubane lokuhlukana kwazo ngokukala inani lamandla akhishwa imithala.
Lezi zilinganiso zingenzeka ngenxa yokusungulwa kwedivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-spectrometer ekwazi ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya kube imibala ehlukahlukene. Ngalokhu kusungulwa kuye kwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi izindikimba zasezulwini ezikude kakhulu noMhlaba, zihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu, zikhukhuleka esilinganisweni zibheke kumbala obomvu we-spectrometer, zikhiqize umphumela we-Doppler.
- Ubukhona obuchichimayo bezakhi zamakhemikhali ezikhishwe ku- Umsuka wendawo yonke ayiguquguquki, lesi sitatimende sisho ukuthi singahlala sithola ama-isotopi amakhemikhali afanayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zasemkhathini, ngisho noma zihlukaniswe amabanga amangalisayo.
- Ngo-1965, ochwepheshe be-physics uPensias noWilson bakwazi ukuphetha ngokuthi imisebe etholwe nguMhlaba, evela kuwo wonke umhlaba, iwumphumela wokuqhuma okungenakulinganiswa okwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi noma eziyishumi nanhlanu edlule.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zakhiwo, kube nokwenzeka ukudala imodeli yokwandisa ezama ukuchaza imvelaphi kanye nokuvela komhlaba, okusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi ukushisa kuncipha njengoba isikhathi sihamba futhi isizathu salokhu ukupholisa kwamagesi akhiqizwa ukwanda.
Imodeli yokwandisa yoMhlaba ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwazi ikusasa leplanethi futhi izazi zezinkanyezi eziningana zicabanga ukuthi indawo yonke izolahlekelwa ukuwohloka ngokomzimba namakhemikhali lapho ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-1039 yeminyaka eyizinkulungwane, ngoba ilanga lizoyeka ukukhanya ngenxa yokugqoka nokugqoka. izinyembezi futhi kancane kancane uzoba nomsebenzi omncane.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgdBE127FCQ