I-Las isebenza nguJoan Miro zibhekwa njengengxenye yethonya lobuciko lekhulu lama-XNUMX. Uphinde wenza izakhi zesithombe ezasungulwa kabusha, ngaleyo ndlela wethula izici ezintsha ezivamile zobuciko besimanje.
Isebenza ngu-Joan Miró
Imisebenzi kaJoan Miró yamenza waba umculi onethonya elikhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Wagqama endaweni ye-surreal. Kodwa-ke, wenza nezinye izinhlobo zezinto zobuciko ezivumela ubuciko ukuba buyiswe kwelinye izinga, njengoba kwenzeka kulabo abenziwa ukunyakaza kwezithombe ezifana neFauvism, ubuciko be-naïve, i-abstraction kanye ne-cubism.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mdwebi wendabuko waseCatalan wadala isitayela sesici ngemisebenzi yakhe, okwamvumela ukuthi aphinde asungule izinhlobo eziningi zokunyakaza kobuciko, ngenhloso yokushiya njalo uphawu lwakhe lukhulelwe.
Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi imisebenzi evelele kakhulu ka-Joan Miró izokwethulwa ngezansi, ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka abathandi bezobuciko ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nalobu buhlakani bobuciko bobuciko besimanje.
Umlimi
Phakathi kwemisebenzi kaJoan Miró lena iyagqama futhi ibizwa nangokuthi umlimi futhi yenziwa ngo-1914. Le seyili ibhekwa njengeyokuqala eyakhangiswa nguMiró. Ngokukwenza, wayefuna ukuveza ithonya elikhulu uFauvism ayekusho empilweni yakhe, ikakhulukazi, ngenkathi esebenza njengoweta. Funda kabanzi mayelana nobuciko nge Amaski ase-Afrika
Inemingcele egcwele umbala, ngaleyo ndlela iveza izici ezikhiqiza imizwa enamandla kulabo abazisa ikhanvasi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iveza izici ezihlukene, ezisivumela ukuba sihlukanise isibalo esibonwa ngokungaqondile.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi umbala uyisici esivelele kakhulu kulo msebenzi. Ngakho-ke umdwebo onjalo uba yingxenye yengemuva. Njengoba ewubhekile, ukhomba umthombo ovelele wombala njengento eyinhloko yokuvezwa.
Enyakatho eNingizimu
Ngo-1817 kwabukiswa omunye wemisebenzi evelele kaJoan Miró. Kuyo uveza izici zezici ezithile zokuphila kwakhe, njengoba kunjalo ngokuqeqeshwa kwakhe njengomgcini wamabhuku ezimali.
Lo mkhakha wawenza waze wafinyelela esigabeni lapho aqala khona ukuzinikela ngokuphelele kwezobuciko, lapho aqala khona ngezinto ezigqamile zeminyakazo yezithombe ezaziphathwa ngaleso sikhathi. Esinye sezici ezinethonya elikhulu emsebenzini wakhe kwakuwumagazini wesiFulentshi i-Nord Sud, ngaleso sikhathi owawuqondiswa nguPierre Reverdy.
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kuye, uMiró ufuna ukugcizelela izinhlelo zobuhlakani futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kobuciko, egxile ezicini ezithile zalezi zinhlelo ezimbili.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa ngocezu lwe-ceramics, ikheji elinenyoni, ipeyari, inhlanzi enemibala eminingi, ibhodwe elinezimbali nesikelo. Iphinde ifune ukukhombisa ukubaluleka ubuciko bukaVan Gogh ababenabo ku-Miró.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le canvas ibisingathwa ngaphansi kwemibala ehlukahlukene futhi inezici ezibhalwe kwimibuthano ezinokubukeka okugxile okuthile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lo msebenzi uwumfanekiso ocacile wokuphela kwemisebenzi yakhe ngaphansi kwesitayela seFauvist.
Izivini neminqumo yaseMont roig
Izivini nezihlahla zomnqumo zaseMont roig, umsebenzi ka-Joan Miró owenziwa ngo-1919. Wagxila ezikhathini uMiró abhekana nazo ngenkathi ehlala eMont Roig, eCatalonia. Izakhi ezihlangatshezwana naleyo minyaka zavumela imisebenzi ka-Miró ukuthi iqale ukuba nesitayela esisha esigxile ekumeni kwezwe.
Naphezu kokugxila kwisitayela esisha, wayehlale egcina umbala ukhona emisebenzini yakhe. Njengoba kuye leli kwakuyithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lokuveza imizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izici ezithile zingabongwa emsebenzini osiholela ekuboneni ngeso lengqondo amathonya aqondiswe kuCubism.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhi ezithile zejometri ziyathuthukiswa ezithonywa imininingwane yemvelo uqobo. Lo msebenzi ka-Joan Miró futhi usiyisa emisebenzini ehlobene nobuciko be-naïve.
umfazi enqunu enesibuko
Iphinde yanyatheliswa ngo-1919. Igqama ngokuthonywa ngokuphelele yiCubism. Ikhonjiswe kuyo, indikimba evamile ehlala ibonakala emlandweni wobuciko. Kuyo iVenus ibonakala ngesibuko.
UMiró akenzi unkulunkulukazi ngokuqondile, kunalokho ulandelela noma yimuphi umuntu wesifazane, nokho uyakwazi ukusikhumbuza unkulunkulukazi ngenxa yemivimbo yakhe. Kuyo, usebenzisa izakhi ezijwayelekile zejometri yesibalo asidwebayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, igqama ngokuba nokuningi kokungafani nesistimu eyisicaba ehlanganiswe phakathi kwawo wonke umsebenzi. Inesitayela esiyingqayizivele, esinobunzima obuthile phakathi kwezindwangu zayo.
Ithebula
Lokhu kubuye kubizwe nge-Still Life with a Rabbit, kwakhonjiswa ngo-1920. Kuphinde kube ngomunye wemisebenzi evelele nedumile ka-Joan Miró. Ibonisa ubuciko be-cubism.
Ngokulandelayo, uMiró ufuna kulo msebenzi ukulondoloza izici ezibalulekile ezigqamayo ngaphakathi kokwelashwa okungokoqobo. Lokhu kungabonakala ezinsizeni ezifana neqhude, inhlanzi futhi, okokugcina, unogwaja.
Ezinye izakhi ezitholakala ngaphakathi komsebenzi zinezici zazo ezingabonakala ngaphakathi kwe-cubism. Inokucindezela okujulile, okubuye kusiholele kumbono othonywa i-geometrization. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici ezihlobene ngokuqondile nemininingwane ziyaboniswa.
indlu yasepulazini
Yanyatheliswa ngo-1920 nango-1921. Lokhu kwaqalwa eMont Roig futhi kwaqedwa kwase kwethulwa eParis. Lo msebenzi ufuna ukumela ukubaluleka uMiró ayenakho ngomlando womndeni owawumchaza futhi, ngokulandelayo, nezakhi zesizwe sakhe.
Umsebenzi ugcwele imininingwane eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ikhombisa izakhi ezinesimo esihle semvelo. Njengoba ifuna ukukhomba indawo lapho umlobi walo msebenzi azalelwa khona wakhulela khona. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi yatholwa umlobi wemvelaphi yaseMelika u-Ernest Miller Hemingway.
insimu elinyiwe
Ibizwa nangokuthi i-La Tierra Brada futhi yaboniswa ngo-1923. Iwumfanekiso ocacile we-metamorphosis entsha ehlushwa uMiró. Kuyo ungabona isitayela esisha. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, igqamisa izici ezithile ezifuna ukukhombisa kweminye imisebenzi eshicilelwe ngaphambilini.
Kuthathwa njengekhanvasi egcwele okwangempela lapho ingqikithi yalo mculi ibonakala ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungabonakala ukuthi u-Joan Miró wayevelele futhi edala kangakanani ngezikhathi lapho athuthukisa khona ubuciko bakhe.
Igqugquzelwe umdwebo kaBosch, owawubizwa ngokuthi Inkundla inamehlo, eyaziwa nangokuthi Ihlathi linezindlebe. Lo msebenzi wobuciko unezici ezithile ezifana nephupho ngokuphelele, njengesihlahla esinamehlo nezindlebe.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ukuhlalisana okukhona nendlu yasepulazini kungabonakala. Okusiholela ekuqondeni ukuthi ubuciko busengaba bukhethekile naphezu kokuba nezinto ezithile ezihlanganisiwe ezingamela izici ezikhubazekile phakathi kwazo.
Kulo msebenzi ka-Joan Miró ungakwazi futhi ukubona ngeso lengqondo izimpawu ezithile ezithathwe ngokuphelele maqondana ne-surrealism. Lo mdwebo waqalwa eMont Roig futhi njengabanye washicilelwa eParis.
I-Catalan landscape
Lo msebenzi ubizwa nangokuthi i-Hunter, waqalwa kusukela ngo-1923 kuya ku-1924. Unezici zezwe lamaphupho, lapho izici ezibalulekile ze-surrealist automatism nazo zibonakala.
Kulo msebenzi, kubhekiselwa ezimpawini ezithile zezithombe ezimele izinhlelo ezingokomfanekiso ezijwayelekile zejometri, izici zeskimu lapho imigqa namaphuzu kuboniswa khona.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lo msebenzi ufuna ukumela isiko. Kuphinde kubhekise esiphethweni se-carnival yezici ze-Spanish, ebonisa yonke into ngokusebenzisa izici ze-surrealism.
i-harlequin carnival
Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1924 kuya ku-1925. Kuyo ungakwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo ngokugcwele uhlelo lwe-surrealist. Kukholakala ukuthi phakathi nalo msebenzi, uMiró uchithe isikhathi eside engadlile, ngenhloso yokuthi ukubona izinto ezingekho ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla kuzomvumela ukuthi asebenze kangcono.
Naphezu kwezenzo zakhe, kungabonakala ukuthi ukushaywa kwakhe kucophelela ngokuphelele, kubonisa ukubonakaliswa okuphelele okusiholela ezicini zokuzethemba.
Kuyo ungabona i-automaton being esebenzisa isiginci ukuhlinzeka ngomculo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhona i-harlequin emsebenzini onamadevu nezinye izinhlobo zemidwebo, okuyinto ekuboneni kokuqala ayibonisi noma yikuphi ukuxhumana, kodwa uma ibhekwa ngokucophelela ihlobene ngokomfanekiso.
Dutch Interiors
Yabukiswa ngo-1928. Yenziwa ngenkathi ehlala eParis, kusukela ngalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukuvakashela eBelgium naseHolland. Yingakho aqala ngeqembu lemisebenzi eyayihlobene ngokuqondile nale mizi emibili.
Emisebenzini yakhe evela kula madolobha wayefuna ukukhombisa ubuciko bezindawo zombili. Isibonelo, ku-Dutch Interiors ugqugquzelwe yi-Hendrick Martensz Sorgh ethi The Dressing Table ka-Hendrick Martensz Sorgh.
umdansi waseSpain
Wabulawa ngo-1928, ngaso leso sikhathi uMiró wabeka eceleni umdwebo ukuze azinikele ekuqopheni. Kuyo wabonisa izici ze-Dadaism, isimiso esihlobene ngokuphelele ne-Surrealism.
Kusuka lapha lapho i-Spanish Dancer yazalwa khona, umsebenzi lapho uhlobo oluthile olungacacisiwe ngempela. Ngaphakathi kwalo msebenzi, inhloso ukukhombisa izakhi zendiza yokuhlanganisa yesakhiwo.
UMvuni
Lokhu kugqama ngokuba umdwebo osesithombeni obonisa inkundla engaphakathi kweRiphabhulikhi yaseSpain, owenziwa eMbukisweni Wamazwe Ngamazwe eParis owawungo-1937. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ungomunye wemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu kaJoan Miró.
Yayivelele kangangokuthi yaqhubeka idluliselwa eValencia, nokho yacekelwa phansi ngokuvumelana namarekhodi ka-1938. Lokhu kwasilethela kuphela njengezithombe eziqoshiwe lapho umbala womsebenzi ungenakuqashelwa khona njengoba zimnyama nokumhlophe.
Umdwebo odongeni ubonisa umvuni waseCatalan ozibonakalisa ngokubhikisha.
Imilaza othandweni lowesifazane
Yanyatheliswa ngo-1941. Ilandela isitayela esisha sesithombe esakhiwe futhi sabulawa uMiró. Ibonisa okwaziwayo kakhulu kwezinkanyezi. Umsebenzi uhlose ukwethula izinkanyezi, izinyoni nabesifazane njengendikimba eyinhloko. Lokhu futhi kuba yizici ezivamile phakathi kwezinhlelo zobuciko zika-Miró.
Ukumamatheka okuvutha amalangabi
Yenzelwe i-1953, ngemva kwesikhathi eside lapho u-Joan Miró ayebeke eceleni umdwebo kawoyela. Umsebenzi wakhe weza nezinto ezintsha ngokuphelele kulokho okwaziwayo kwezobuciko bakhe.
Kuyo ungabona ngeso lengqondo izici ezithile zepulasitiki ezibhekwa njengezibalulekile kumlobi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, imigqa, i-putos, imibala eminingi ekukhulumeni kwayo okuhlanzekile kanye nezibalo zejometri ibonakala. Konke ukuze sidlale ngezinto ezisiyisa emhlabeni wezingane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkanyezi ezimnyama emigqeni, amaphuzu kanye nama-contour ethulwe ku-canvas. Okuphuzi, okubomvu kanye nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nakho kwasetshenziswa kakhulu.
La luna
Lokhu kwenzelwa i-1958, kugqama phakathi kwemisebenzi kaJoan Miró. Kubonisa inguquko uMiró ayenayo ngaphakathi kobuciko bomphakathi. Lona phakathi kwemisebenzi eyenziwe ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo engenye yezifanekiselo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ingabukwa endlunkulu yaseParis ye-UNESCO.
Blue
Kuyo ungabona izici ze-abstraction. Ngaphambi kwalesi sigaba, wayezinikele ku-surrealism, kodwa njengoba ethuthuka kwezobuciko, wafika ekubuseni ngokuphelele ulimi olungaqondakali. Lapho izici ezithile eziqondile zokukhuluma zivunyelwe ukuba zinciphe.
Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kubhalwe njenge-triptych lapho i-void iyingxenye eyinhloko yomsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwendawo enakho ngaphakathi komsebenzi.
igolide le-azure
Lo msebenzi wathinteka ngo-1967. Kulo msebenzi ka-Joan Miró kungabonakala ukuthi ulimi olungaqondakali luqhubeka kanjani nokuvela ekuthuthukisweni kwakhe kwezobuciko. Ngokulandelayo, izici ezithile zophawu zingavezwa.
Kubalulekile futhi ukusho ukuthi kule khanvasi okuphuzi okujulile yi-protagonist, njengezindawo ezithile zezwe, okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpawu eziningi ngaphakathi kwalo msebenzi zibhekisela kwabesifazane, amadoda kanye nezinkanyezi ezenzeka phakathi kwempilo yesintu.
Izithandani ezithandana nemidlalo yezimbali ze-alimondi
Yenzelwe i-1975, kulo msebenzi nguJoan Miró ukhuluma ngezici zobudoda kanye nowesifazane. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi isibalo esakhiwe ngokuphakama okukhulu yisona esimele indoda.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesimo esiyindilinga esifuna ukufanekisela ilanga. Phakathi naleso sikhathi owesifazane ubonakala ngenqwaba eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enokwakheka kwe-crescent efana nenyanga.
I-Foundation Tapestry
Yenzelwe u-1979. Imelela isimo sakhe sengqondo sokungahlaliseki esichaziwe, ngaphezu kwezakhi zombhalo ezijwayelekile zohlobo lwakhe lobuciko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inikeza izikali ezijwayelekile zokudweba nokubaluleka kwazo.
Phakathi kwezakhi zalo msebenzi ka-Joan Miró i-tapestry, lapho kuboniswa khona izimpawu ezicacile ezifanekisela ngokuqondile isitayela esimelela ngokugcwele uMiró.
owesifazane nenyoni
Yenzelwe i-1983. Kungabonakala owesifazane we-phallic kuwo, okusivumela ukuba sibone ubufazi bakhe embotsheni efanekisela isitho sangasese sowesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kuveza isigqoko esinenyoni, ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise izici ezivezwa ngokuphelele.
Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi ufuna ukuzibamba ngaphakathi kwenkululeko, usebenzisa indiza enembile. Isakhiwo sawo senziwa nge-ceramics kukhonkolo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyinkokhelo kuCatalan Antonio Gaudí ekhuthaza izakhi ezimibalabala ezihlobene nedolobha laseBarcelona.
Biography of Joan Miro
U-Joan Miró uthathwa njengofanelekile ngokuba umdwebi we-ceramic kanye nomqophi wezithombe. Wazalelwa eBarcelona ngo-April 20, 1893. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impilo yakhe iphela ngoDisemba 25, 1983 ePalma de Mallorca. Yathuthukiswa eSikoleni Sezohwebo saseBarcelona, ukuze kamuva ifundiswe eSikoleni Esiphakeme Sobuciko Bezimboni kanye Nobuciko Obuhle.
Uthuthuke emsebenzini we-accounting futhi usebenza isikhashana kulo msebenzi. Ubambe umbukiso wakhe wokuqala ngaphakathi kwe-Barcelona City Council. Ngemva kwalokho, waya eMont roig del Camp, kulapho aqala khona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo njengomdwebi.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho ngo-1912 aqala khona ngokuphelele ngemisebenzi yakhe enikezelwe kwezobuciko bepulasitiki. Yingakho anquma ukufunda eFrancesc Galí School of Art, lapho aqala khona ukuthuthukiswa kweQembu leCourbet. Lesi simo sivumela u-Joan Miró ukuthi aqale ukusebenzelana nabantu abaningi abavelele abavela emhlabeni wobuciko obuhle.
Ukuthuthukiswa eParis
Ngo-1920 unquma ukuya eParis, lapho ayenemisebenzi eqhubekayo ephefumulelwe ubuhle bedolobha nezindawo ezithile anquma ukuzivakashela, njengeHolland neBelgium.
Kuleli dolobha uthola ukwabelana nenqwaba yamaciko nababhali ababaluleke kakhulu, okwamvumela ukuthi athuthukise ngokunemba okukhulu izakhi ze-surrealist ezasetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kwakuseParis lapho ashada khona noPilar Juncosa, ababenendodakazi okuthiwa uMaría Dolores. Uma ufuna ungafunda isihloko Pepita Jimenez.
amazwe ngamazwe
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, imisebenzi Joan Miró wakwazi ukuba ngamazwe ngenxa izinga eliphezulu. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba ingcweliswe ngokuphelele emhlabeni wobuciko.
Kungemva kwalokhu lapho athatha khona isinqumo sokuthuthuka ngokwenza amaphrojekthi asabalele emhlabeni wonke eyedwa. Lokhu kuphinda kumtholele isicoco sokuba yiciko elinethonya esizukulwaneni sakhe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uklonyeliswa ngendondo yeGuggenheim International Award ngo-1958, uphinde aklonyeliswe ngendondo ye-Carnegie International Grand Prize ngokudweba ngo-1967. Imisebenzi yakhe ithathwa njengegugu emhlabeni wezobuciko, njengoba athuthukisa ubuciko besimanje ngendlela eyingqayizivele. ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha ezingezakho.