Ngesihloko esilandelayo sizokwazi konke mayelana namagama abaPhostoli beNkosi abayi-12, imininingwane yezimpilo zabo nokuthi babunjani ubudlelwano babo UJesu Kristu, ngaphezu kwezinye izithakazelo. Sikumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo.
Abaphostoli
Abaphostoli abangu-12, njengoba babaziwa kanjalo, bangabafundi bakaJesu, ababebaluleke kakhulu ekusungulweni kwesonto lakhe. EBhayibhelini, ikakhulukazi evesini le Isambulo 21: 14, ikhuluma ngoMuzi Ongcwele waseJerusalema, kodwa futhi ibhekisela ngokuqondile eqinisweni lokuthi amagama abaphostoli bakaJesu abangu-12 ayeyolotshwa ezindongeni zalo muzi.
Uma sibuyela embonweni odlule, ngalendlela kuboniswa ukuthi uJesu wayenokwazisa okukhulu ngabo futhi wabathatha ngokungathi sína kakhulu. Uma ufunda ngabafundi nokuthi babeyini uJesu ngokweBhayibheli, ungabona ukuthi wayebabheka njengesibonelo kubazalwane bakhe nanjengabafundi bakhe, labo okufanele bafunde izimfundiso zakhe futhi bazidlulisele emhlabeni. Sikumema ukuba ufunde lesi sihloko Izingelosi ezinkulu
Njengoba kuvezwe ku isivumelwano esisha kweBhayibheli, amagama abaphostoli abangu-12 aba nomthelela ophawulekayo emlandweni, ngenxa yalokhu, kwadalwa izindaba eziningi eduze kwabo ukuze kuhlonishwe ngamunye wabo, ngisho namasiko nemithandazo iye yavela, nokho, ubuqiniso be lezi zindaba bezilokhu ziyimpikiswano, okuqinisekile ukuthi zibe nomthelela emhlabeni owawubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi ngisho namakhulu eminyaka angu-21 kamuva ifa lazo lihlala likhona.
Ukungena esihlokweni, amagama abaPhostoli abayi-12 yilawa:
- Andrew
- Bartholomew
- Santiago, Umdala
- UJames Omncane
- Juan
- UJudasi Iskariyothe
- UJudas Thaddeus
- Mateo
- Pedro
- Felipe
- USimon
- Tomas
Andrew
UMphostoli Andrew wayeyindodana ka UJona kanye nomfowabo we Pedro, ngaphambi kokwaziwa njengomfundi we Jesús, ehlala edolobheni I-Bersaida futhi ku eKapernawume, wayengumdobi othobekile ngaphambi kokuthola ubizo lukaJesu. Ekuqaleni kwayo, kwalandela UJohane umbhabhadisi, lokhu kubonakala evesini elithi Marku 1:16 kuze kufike evesini Marku 1:18.
Evesini elithi Johane 1: 40 kulandisa indlela u-Andrés athatha ngayo umfowabo uPedro ngaphambi kokuba khona kukaJesu, ngenxa yalesi senzakalo u-Andrés waba ngowokuqala ukuthola isiqu sezithunywa zevangeli, kokubili emadolobheni ayehlala kuwo, kanye nasemizini yangaphandle ayezoyithola kamuva. nquma ukuvakashela kuyoshumayela .
Kunamazwe amathathu lapho umphakathi wezenkolo umbheka njengoMphathi wawo Ongcwele, lawa mazwe yilawa: iScotland, iRussia neGreece, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando ezithile nezazi zeBhayibheli, leli qiniso libangelwa ukuthi, ngesikhathi esaphila njengesithunywa sevangeli, washumayela izwi likaJesu engxenyeni yase-Asia yaseRussia, eGrisi naseSitia.
Kuthiwa umphostoli u-Andreya waletha abanye abantu kuJesu, lokhu ngemiyalezo ayeyishumayela, ezinye izazi zeBhayibheli zithi isimo sakhe sasinzima, isizathu siwukuthi wayenazo zonke izizathu ezidingekayo ukuze abe nomona nokucasuka ngoJesu. , naphezu kwalokho wanelisekile ngomsebenzi wakhe ekuphileni.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, abaningi baye bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi injongo eyinhloko ka-Andrew noma injongo ekuphileni kwakhe kwakuwukuletha labo ababephambukile endleleni, ukuze bazi uJesu nothando lwakhe olujulile ngesintu, lokhu kwasebenza ukuze azizwe anelisekile.
Ngokudabukisayo, umphostoli u-Andrew wafa ngokungafanele futhi wayebhekwa njengomfel’ ukholo. E-Greece, idolobha I-Patras kwaba indawo yalesi sigemegeme, umkambusi wayegula, waya kuye futhi akagcinanga nje ukumphulukisa, wamyisa endleleni yobuKristu, ngaphezu kwalokhu, futhi waguqula umfowabo wombusi ekukholweni kobuKristu, lokhu isenzo, nakuba sasihloniphekile, samlahlekisela ngokuphila kwakhe ngoba umbusi wayecasulwe yileso senzo.
Umpostoli u-Andreya waqala wagwetshwa ejele kwabe sekuthiwa abulawe, inkinga ukuthi uzofa ebethelwe esiphambanweni, wazibona engafanele ukufa ngendlela uKrestu afa ngayo, ngoba lokho ukufa wayekubheka ngendlela efanayo noJesu. Ngakho-ke, wacela ababulali bakhe ukuthi isiphambano sakhe singafani nesiphambano lapho uJesu afela khona.
Isifiso sakhe safezeka futhi nakuba wayebethelwe esiphambanweni, isiphambano sakhe sasihlukile kunesikaJesu, wayezofela esiphambanweni sisesimweni sika "X" kuyilapho inkosi yakhe uJesu yayizofela esiphambanweni esesimweni sika "T" . Lesi siphambano lapho umphostoli u-Andrew afela khona kuze kube namuhla sisetshenziswa njengophawu lwenkolo, futhi ukusimelela kusetshenziswe umfanekiso wezinhlanzi ezimbili eziphothiwe, lokhu kushukunyiswa iqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi kokuba ngumfundi kaJesu wayengumdobi.
Bartholomew
Lomphostoli wayehlala edolobheni lase eKhanani eGalile, igama lakhe eliphelele ngu uBartolomewu uNathanayeli futhi wayeyindodana ka I-Talmai. Ngokwemibhalo egciniwe yomlando, wayeyisithunywa sevangeli e-Armenia, eqinisweni, abantu abaningi bathi, kubo bonke abafundi bakaJesu, uBartholomew ngokukhethekile nguye kuphela owayevela emndenini ohloniphekile, okungukuthi, wayenegazi lobukhosi.
ngokwevesi leBhayibheli Samuweli 3:3, igama elithi Bartholomew linencazelo "indodana kaTalimayi", wayeyinkosi yesizwe sase I-Gesur (eningizimu yeSiriya),kubizwe indodakazi yakhe UMaca wayengumkaDavide, ngakho waba ngunina U-Abisalomu. Igama lalo mphostoli, okungukuthi, uBartholomew, kukhulunywa ngalo emavesini amaningana eBhayibheli njengokuthi, UMathewu 10: 3; Marku 3:18; Luka 6:14 y IzEnzo 1:13. Ikhona futhi kuzo zonke izinhlu zabafundi bakaJesu.
Nakuba aziwa ngokuthi uBartholomew, leli akulona igama lakhe lokuqala, ngelesibili, kuyaziwa ukuthi igama lakhe lokuqala kwakungu. UNathanayeliNgenxa yalokhu, uJesu wanquma ukumbiza ngokuthi “umIsrayeli weqiniso”, umuntu okungekho kuye ukukhohlisa, lokhu kubonakala evesini leBhayibheli elithi. Johane 1: 47.
Luncane kakhulu ulwazi ngalo mphostoli eTestamenteni elisha, noma kunjalo, ulwazi olukhona ngaye luthi wayeyisifundiswa esikhulu, owenza ucwaningo oluningi ngokubhala futhi wafunda imithetho ngokujulile, naye umsebenzi wokufunda abaprofethi bakudala.
UBartholomew wayengumphostoli omkhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, wayeyindoda eyesaba uNkulunkulu, futhi engumkhulekeli omkhulu walaba bamuva, wanquma ukuzibeka ngokuphelele enkonzweni kaJesu, ngakho-ke, lokhu kwamenza waba isithunywa sevangeli esinenhlanhla enkulu. ukuthi ube nedumela elikhulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kwaba ukuthi ibandla lase-Armenia lammemezela njengomsunguli walo, isizathu ukuthi washumayela ephelezelwa uFiliphu eFrigiya naseHierapolis, bashumayela ezindaweni eziningi, kodwa e-Armenia yilapho ababegqama khona kakhulu, lokhu okwaphumela ekubeni ngemva kokuhlushwa ukufa okubuhlungu ayenakho, babezombheka njengomfel’ ukholo walelo bandla.
Ukufa kwakhe kwakudabukisa, isizathu salokho kwaba ukuthi wanquma ukuya eNdiya, wathi efika washumayela ngoJesu, nokho-ke lokhu kwamlahlekisela ngokuphila kwakhe ikakhulukazi ngoba kulelozwe bangamakholwa amaningi futhi benza inkolo ehluke ngokuphelele; lokhu kwadala ukuthi amadoda amathathu akhiphe isikhumba sakhe ngemimese esaphila, ngemva kobuhlungu obukhulu obudalwe wukukhishwa isikhumba ephila, wopha waze wafa. Ngenxa yalokhu umelelwa ngemimese emithathu.
Santiago (indoda endala)
LoMphostoli wayeyindodana ka uZebedewu futhi of Salomengakho-ke, ungumfowabo womphostoli uJohane, wayengumdobi owayehlala emadolobheni athile abalulekile angaleso sikhathi, njengomuzi ongcwele wase. EJerusalema, Idolobha lase IBhetsayida futhi ekugcineni eKapernawume, lapho ashumayela khona kakhulu ngezwi likaJesu.
Lomphostoli wahlukunyezwa ngokudabukisayo ngokunqunywa ikhanda ngomyalo kaHerode, lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka wama-44 AD, isigameko esilandiswa evesini leBhayibheli. IzEnzo 12:1 y IzEnzo 12:2. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwakhe ukuthi ushumayele eJerusalema naseJudiya, ubengomunye wamalungu abizwa ngokuthi yi-Inner Circle, lokhu kwakhiwe abantu okuthiwa bathole amalungelo akhethekile.
Lapho ufunda itestamente elisha kungabonakala ukuthi alukho ulwazi oluningi ngoMphostoli Santiago, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kukhulunywa ngaye, noma njalo lapho kuvela isenzakalo esiphathelene nokuphila kwakhe futhi silandiswa, akukhulunywa ngaye ngabanye. ngoba , umfowabo uJohane ifakiwe, Ngokusho amavesi eBhayibheli Marku 1:1; Marku 1:20; Mathewu 4:21 noLuka 5:1 kuya ku-11Ngokusobala laba bazalwane babesondelene kakhulu, ngakho babehlale bendawonye.
Kuthiwa uSantiago wayengumuntu owayehlale ejabulela isibindi esikhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke umoya wakhe wawuzolile futhi ugcwele ukuthethelela, wayengumuntu ongenamona, ngakho-ke, wayengenandaba nokuphila egutshuzelwe umfowabo uJuan Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengumuntu ongenamona. ubuye achazwe njengendoda yokholo olukhulu, ngeshwa waba ngowokuqala kubaphostoli abangu-12 ukufa kanjalo waba umfel’ ukholo, uphawu lwakhe amagobolondo amathathu, lokhu ngenxa yokuthi wahambela olwandle.
USantiago omncane (omncane)
Lo mphostoli wayengumfowabo womphostoli UJudas Thaddeus, abazali babo U-Alphaeus (Cleophas) y María, wahlala IGalilea. Ngokusho kwamarekhodi omlando, yena ngokwakhe wabhala incwadi (Incwadi iyincwadi) eya eSantiago, kuyaziwa ukuthi washumayela emazweni afana nePalestina neGibhithe, lapho ayezofela khona ebethelwe esiphambanweni.
Kubo bonke abaphostoli abangu-12, lo ngumphostoli onemininingwane encane yomlando, ngakho-ke, kunzima ukwazi ngomlando wakhe, okungenani ngedatha eqinisekisiwe ngokugcwele, noma kunjalo, ezinye izazi-mlando ziye zaqagela ngokusekelwe emavesini athile angaqondakali (Ambiguous that can zinezincazelo ezingaphezu kweyodwa) ukuthi uJakobe noMathewu babeyizelamani.
Ngokwalokho okushiwo ngaye, wayeyindoda enesimilo esiqinile futhi enganakekeli, wayegqama phakathi kwamadoda amaningi. Njengabanye abaphostoli, wabulawa futhi ngenxa yalokho waba umfel’ ukholo, umzimba wakhe, ngemva kokubethelwa esiphambanweni, wanqunywa kabi waba yizicucu ngesaha, ngakho-ke uphawu lwakhe njengomphostoli luyisaha .
Juan
Umphostoli uJohane wayengumfowabo womphostoli uJakobe (umdala), ngakho wayeyindodana ka uZebedewu futhi of Salome. Lo mfundi washesha wakha idumela elikhulu, wayeyindoda eyaziwayo ngoba wayethandwa nguJesu waze waphatha ukunakekela uMariya esebethelwe esiphambanweni, kwaba kuyena okwakhulunywa la mazwi alandelayo «mfazi lapho unendodana yakho, ndodana lapho unonyoko".
Ngaphambi kokuba umphostoli ogcwele, wayengumdobi othobekile, njengomfowabo, wayehlala emadolobheni aseBetsayida, eKapernawume naseJerusalema, ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe wayeyilungu leNdawo Engaphakathi Yomuzi. Kubo bonke abaphostoli, lona nguye ogqame kakhulu, hhayi nje ngoba wayeshiywe ephethe unina wenkosi yakhe.
Wabhala amavangeli amaningana, ngaphezu kokwenza lokho, wabuye wazinikela ekuvakasheleni amasonto ase-Asiya futhi washumayela kuwo, wadingiswa lapho esesiqhingini sasePhatmose, waphinde waboshwa, nokho, isigwebo sakhe sasingokwesikhashana. , ngakho Ngakho-ke, wakwazi ukukhululeka, ekugcineni, wafa ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo, ezihluke kakhulu kubafundi okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla.
Wayengomunye wabaphostoli abafaneleka kakhulu, ku ITestamente eNtsha Uneqhaza elikhulu ngoba, kukhulunywa ngaye kaningi ezindaweni ezehlukene, uchazwa njengomuntu obehlale elungele yonke into, kuphinde kuphawulwe ukuthi ubenezifiso eziningi, ubenolaka futhi kuthiwa, naphezu kwazo zonke izici zakhe ezinhle, inhliziyo yakhe yayingabekezelelani.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi bobabili kanye nomfowabo uSantiago umdala baphuma emndenini omuhle, empeleni, kukhona abathi umndeni wakhe wawusesimweni esingcono emphakathini kunemindeni yabanye abaphostoli, kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi. igama lakhe eliphakathi kwaba Ama-Boanerges, incazelo yalo yezwi nezwi ithi "indodana yokuduma", yingakho isimilo sayo.
Ngokusho kwevesi Marku 1:20, kuyaziwa ukuthi uyise kaJuan wayevame ukuqasha abasizi, lokhu ngenhloso yokwenza umsebenzi wakhe ube lula ngesikebhe sokudoba, kucatshangwa ukuthi ekubeni enezinceku okungenzeka ukuthi wayezizwa ephakeme noma ekude kakhulu kunazo.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi uJuan wayehlale esondelene kakhulu noPedro, baze bahlanganyele ndawonye ezenzakalweni eziningana, futhi bakhonza enkonzweni efanayo, kodwa uPedro wayehlale ekhuluma phambi komphakathi, okungukuthi, izwi leqembu.
Phakathi neminyaka, njengoba ekhula, uJuan washintsha ubuntu bakhe, lapho esekhulile kakade, wafinyelela esimweni sokuvuthwa, wayebeke eceleni izici zakhe eziningi, izici ezimbi kufanele ziphawulwe, kwakubonakala ukuthi wayesezilahlile kakade izifiso zakhe, kanye nalokho kuziphatha kobudlova okwakumchaza, okuwukuphela kwento engazange ishintshe kwaze kwaba usuku lokufa kwakhe uthando nokutuseka ayenakho ngoJesu, umfundisi wakhe.
Nakuba kuthiwa uJuan wabhekana nomzamo wokubulala, wafa ngokwemvelo, indlela ababezama ukuyisebenzisa naye yayicashile, noma ubani owayifeza wasebenzisa inkomishi yewayini, kuphela esikhundleni sokuthi Lesi siphuzo sasinobuthi, kodwa uNkulunkulu wamsindisa. , njengoba kwashiwo ngaphambili, kulokhu kuhlasela umelwe nesitsha esinenyoka.
UJudasi Iskariyothe
UJuda Iskariyothe mhlawumbe ungomunye wabaphostoli abaqashelwa kakhulu, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indima yakhe kwakuwukuthengisa uJesu Kristu ukuze athole imali, ikakhulukazi izinhlamvu zesiliva ezingamashumi amathathu, nokho, ngemva kokuthola umvuzo wakhe uJuda wanquma ukuzibulala, ngenxa yalesi sizathu. wazikhunga, njengoba kulandiswa emavesini ka —Mathewu 26:14-16.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi igama likayise kwakunguSimón nokuthi wazalelwa khona neKeriyote. Ku ITestamente eNtsha UJudas uboniswa njengomuntu ongaqondakali futhi onzima ukumqonda, ubizwa ngembuka ngoba wathengisa inkosi yakhe uJesu, lokhu kulandisa ngobuhlungu obuthile ngoba wayesondelene kakhulu noJesu eba abangane, wakwazi ukubona izimangaliso inkosi yakhe. wenza, waze wathola izimfundiso zakhe eziningi, ngakho akekho ongachaza ukuthi yini eholele ekutheni enze lokhu kukhaphela.
UJuda ufaka ohlwini lwamagama abaphostoli abangu-12, nakuba ebonakala kuphela kwezintathu zalezi, emavangelini. Mathewu 10:4; Marku 3:19 noLuka 6:19, lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lokuziphindiselela ngokukhaphela kwakhe umkhulu. Umlando wayo wemvelaphi awucaci kahle ngoba akwaziwa ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uvelaphi, kucatshangwa ukuthi uphuma emzini wakwaJuda, eduze kakhulu neJeriko.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi uJuda wayenenkolo yobuJuda, lokhu kwakuhlukile kwabanye abafundi bakaJesu ngoba bonke abanye babengabaseGalile. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi uJudas nguye owayephethe imali, ngamanye amazwi wayengumgcinimafa weqembu labaphostoli, kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi wayengumholi ozelwe ngoba wayekhonya ezingxoxweni.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu uJudas ayenaso ukuthi wayengumJuda othanda izwe lakhe, lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kugcine kuvezwe izici ezinamandla nezinolaka ngakuye, kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi wayenezithakazelo zokulandela uJesu, wayethemba ukuthi ukulandela. UJesu wonke izifiso zakho kanye nezinjongo zakho siqu zingafezeka.
Ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe njengomgcinimafa weqembu, naye ethonywe yizimilo zobuntu bakhe, akekho owayengasindisa uJudas ekugxekweni, empeleni, babebaningi ababemazi ngokuba nobugovu, ngakho-ke, lokho kwamzuzisa nemibono emibi. kuyaziwa ukuthi wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe njengomgcinimafa ukuze athole imali esikhwameni esivamile ukuze azuze yena.
Iqiniso elangena emlandweni, laze laba isisho esidumile, kwaba ukwanga kukaJudasi okudumile, lokhu akunikwa uJesu isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba amkhaphele, nokho, akekho onesizathu esicacile nesomuntu siqu sokuthi kungani uJudasi amkhaphela uJesu. enkosini yakhe, ngakho-ke kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakungokwezinhlamvu zesiliva ezingamashumi amathathu.
Naphezu kwalokho okukholelwayo, ukukhaphela kukaJudasi uJesu kwakungesona isizathu esikhulu sokubethelwa kwakhe esiphambanweni, isizathu sangempela kwakuwukusisindisa ezonweni zethu. Uphawu uJudasi abonakala ngalo futhi ahlotshaniswa nalo wugodo owehla luyonquma ikhanda lomuntu, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ushintshwa kufakwe isikhwama esigcwele izinhlamvu zesiliva eziphuma kuso.
UJudas Thaddeus
Lona kwakungumfowabo kaSantiago Omncane, ngakho-ke, wayephinde abe indodana ka-Alphaeus (Cleofás) noMariya, ngaphezu kokwaziwa ngokuthi uJudas Tadeo, wayaziwa nangokuthi. lebeo. Ayikho imininingwane eminingi eyaziwa ngempilo yalo mphostoli ngoba akukho datha eyanele yomlando, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi wayehlala eGalile.
Emibhalweni embalwa yomlando ekhona ngaye, yembula ukuthi wazinikela ekushumayeleni izwi likaNkulunkulu eSiriya nasePheresiya, kule ndawo yokugcina lapho afela khona ngeshwa, njengeningi labaphostoli bakaJesu, naye waguqulwa. kube matir lokhu.
Lo mphostoli ugqama kakhulu ngenani lamagama abantu ababembiza ngawo futhi bemetha, lokhu kwamenza wafaneleka ukwaziwa ngokuthi «ama-trinomials«, umehluko onikezwe uJerónimo, futhi okusho ukuthi "indoda enamagama amathathu".
evesini leBhayibheli Marku 3:18, kuthiwa Thaddeus, kodwa evesini leBhayibheli uMathewu 10:3 kuthiwa lebeoekugcineni emavesini eBhayibheli Luka 6:16 kanye nezEnzo 1:13, ubizwa ngokuthi uJudas umfowabo kaSantiago, lo wokugcina njengesici esihlukile sokumhlukanisa noJuda Iskariyothe, naphezu kokuthi isibongo sakhe kwakunguTadeo, bambiza nangokuthi «uJuda umZelothe".
Kuyaziwa ukuthi wayenesimilo esiqinile, enodlame futhi enodlame, kuyaziwa ukuthi wayengumuntu othanda ubuzwe, kodwa lobu zwe bumthathe bambeke kwelinye izinga ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi inhliziyo yakhe yayigcwele ukulambela amandla, uze ufune ukubusa kubantu abakhethiwe.
Ngenxa yemibhalo egciniwe yomlando ehlobene neTestamente elisha, laziwa ngevesi leBhayibheli Johane 14: 22 ukuthi yena engxoxweni noJesu phakathi nesidlo sakusihlwa sokugcina, wabuza uJesu ukuthi kungani enqume ukuzibonakalisa phambi kwabo kuphela, okungukuthi, abafundi bakhe, futhi akakwenzanga lokho phambi kwawo wonke umhlaba.
Naphezu kwakho konke lokho, uJudas Tadeo wabuza uJesu le mibuzo esidlweni sokugcina ngoba wayefuna ukuba umhlaba wonke uthole ithuba lokwazi uJesu, wayefuna wonke umuntu azi izimfundiso zakhe, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, hhayi lokho ukwazi. yena kuphela njengomsindisi owahlupheka, wayefuna ukuthi umhlaba wonke umazi njengenkosi enomusa.
UJesu waphendula konke lokhu kuJudas Tadeo ukuthi, ukuze abe yinkosi, uthando alunakuthathelwa indawo amandla, lempendulo yanele ukucacisa noma yikuphi ukungabaza ayenakho. Kuyaziwa ngokusho kwedatha ethile yomlando ukuthi uJudas Tadeo washumayela iVangeli likaJesu edolobheni lase edessa,esondele kakhulu emfuleni I-Ewufrathe.
Kuthe uma esefikile kule ndawo akagcinanga ngokushumayela, waphinde wathola ithuba lokuphulukisa bonke abalimele abatholile, kwathi uma sekuqedwe abaphathi bakhe wazinikela ekushumayeleni ivangeli ezindaweni eziningi. Ekugcineni wabulawa ukuhlasela komcibisholo e-Ararati. Uphawu amelelwe ngalo lo ongcwele yisikebhe, isizathu siwukuthi wayeyisithunywa sevangeli, umsebenzi wakhe kwakuwukuba umdobi wabantu, ekhuluma ngendlela engokomfanekiso.
Mateo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi wayeyindodana ka AlpheusEbusheni bakhe wayehlala edolobheni lase eKapernawume, igama lakhe kwakunguMateo, kodwa wayaziwa nangokuthi ULevi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wake wasebenza njengomthelisi edolobheni. Ekugcineni, wabhala iVangeli ngokukaMathewu futhi kamuva, wafela eTopiya ebhekwa njengomfel’ ukholo.
Emavesini ambalwa eBhayibheli kubhekiselwa egameni lakhe ngoba, ngo Luka 5:27 no-28; ivangeli lakhe Mathewu 9:9 nakuMarku 2:14, kuxoxwa ngendaba yokuthi ungubani ngoba wayaziwa nangokuthi uLevi, ngale ndlela kwaziwa ukuthi leli kwakuyigama lakhe lesibili, ekugcineni, balandisa nangendlela ahlangana ngayo nabaphostoli abangu-12.
Ukuba namagama amabili kuvamile namuhla, nokho, ngaleso sikhathi lokhu kwakuvamile eMpumalanga Ephakathi, kuyivelakancane kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Igama lakhe elithi Mathewu lisho “isipho esivela kuNkulunkulu”, kodwa igama likaLevi ngokwamavesi eBhayibheli lisikisela ukuthi wanikezwa uMathewu nguJesu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi wayengumfowabo kaSantiago omncane ohlangothini lukayise, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uyise kwakungu-Alfewu, nokho, kuncane okwaziwayo ngomphostoli uMathewu, ngokwezinga lomuntu siqu kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi impilo yakhe umthelisi kwakuyiqiniso elaligqama ngaphezu kwabanye.
Inguqulo yeBhayibheli uReina Valera uqaphela lo mphostoli njengomthelisi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wayenesibopho esiqinile sokusebenzela umphakathi, okwakuhlobene nomsebenzi wakhe njengomthelisi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wonke umuntu wayebazonda abathelisi, kodwa isizwe esasibazonda futhi sibadelela kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kwakuyisizwe samaJuda.
AmaJuda kaNkulunkulu azinikele kakhulu, ayekholelwa ngentshiseko ukuthi okuwukuphela kwakhe okufanele akhokhelwe izintela zezomnotho nguNkulunkulu hhayi omunye, okhokha intela kunoma yimuphi umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaholi bezombangazwe noma amakhosi kwakubhekwa njengenye yezono ezinkulu kakhulu. .
Isizathu esenza ukuthi bazondwa bonke labo ababezinikele ekuqoqeni izintela, akubangelwa yizinkolelo zenkolo kuphela, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intela yayingalingani, okwamanje intela eqoqwayo ibalwa ngokusekelwe emalini etholwa abantu, emandulo intela. zazibalwa ngokusekelwe kulokho abaqoqi ababekufuna.
Emavesini eBhayibheli eTestamente elisha lika Luka 5:30; Marku 2:15 no-16; noMathewu 18:17, 21:31-33 no-9:10, abathelisi babebhekwa njengezono njengezelelesi ezinonya kakhulu, kodwa inzondo yayinkulu kangangokuthi ngisho nokuba umthelisi kwakubhekwa njengento embi kakhulu kunokuhileleka ebufebeni.
Ingxenye yegama elibi ababenalo laba kwakungenxa yokuthi babengenabulungisa, isizathu sasiwukuthi, uma befuna, babekhokhisa umuntu imali ewubuwula.
Ezimweni eziningi, abantu kwakungadingeki bakhokhe lezo zintela eziphakeme ababezifuna, ngaleyo ndlela babangele ukuba balahlekelwe yikho konke, esinye isizathu esasisenza babe nedumela elibi ukuthi babesizakala ngabahambi, babebanika imali mboleko enenzalo yokuthi iphindwe kathathu isamba semali eyayibolekiwe.
Ekuqaleni uMathewu akazange ahluke, nokho, uJesu wanquma ukumnika ithuba futhi wamkhetha njengomfundi wakhe, lokhu kwamangaza abaningi, ngoba umfundisi omkhulu wayekhethe indoda ezondwa yibo bonke, nokho, uJesu waphendula kukho konke lokhu, ukuthi wabona ukuthi akayena umuntu onenhliziyo embi, wathi futhi ubona konke angakuzuza uma esekwa.
Leli qiniso lalingase libonakale ngokucacile lapho uMateo, ngokungafani nabanye abaphostoli, enekhono lokufunda nokubhala, abanye, njengoba babezinikezele ngaphambili ekudobeni, bengakathuthuki lololwazi. Ngenxa yokuthi uMathewu wayesengomunye wabaphostoli, waba umuntu wokuqala emhlabeni ukubhala ngesiHebheru zonke izimfundiso uJesu azinikeza umhlaba.
Ngesikhathi sokukhethwa kukaMateo njengomfundi, wonke umuntu wamangala, ngoba akekho owayecabanga ukuthi kwakungenzeka ukuba othile wohlobo olunjalo aguqulwe, nokho, lokhu kwakuwubufakazi kuphela bokuthi kuNkulunkulu okungenakwenzeka akukho, okwakusebenzela ukuguquguquka. khombisa emphakathini wamaKrestu ukuthi akufanele bahlulele abantu noma ngabe bangobani.
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, uMateo waba ngowokuqala ngokusemthethweni ukubhala ngoJesu nesigijimi sakhe emhlabeni, uMatheo wayeyisithunywa sevangeli esikhulu esashumayela izwi lakhe levangeli, wabonga kakhulu ngoba washintsha indlela yokuphila kwakhe ebonga uJesu. Uhlobene nophawu lwezikhwama ezintathu ezigcwele izinhlamvu zemali, lokhu ukumela impilo ayenayo ngaphambili njengomqoqi. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde onkulunkulu bobuddhism
Pedro
UPetru wayeyindodana kaJona, njengabanye abaphostoli, ngaphambi kokuba ahlanganyele noJesu njengomfundi wakhe wayengumdobi owayehlala emadolobheni aseBetsayida naseKapernawume. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wawenza umsebenzi wakhe wobuvangeli eshumayela kumaJuda, waze waya ngisho naseBabiloni.
UPetru wayeyilungu leqembu elingaphakathi ledolobha laseJerusalema, wabhala izincwadi ezimbili zetestamente elisha ezibizwa ngegama lakhe. Ngokomlando esinawo ngaye, kuyaziwa ukuthi naye wabethelwa esiphambanweni edolobheni laseRoma, ngokungafani nabanye abaphostoli ababembethela bebheke phansi.
Kuzo zonke izinhlu zabaphostoli ubizwa njalo ngokuthi uPetru, nokho, wayaziwa ngamanye amagama, eminyakeni kaKristu, ulimi olwaziwa kakhulu kwakuyisiGreki kuyilapho isiHeberu singaziwa kakhulu. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni igama lakhe libe ngu “Simoni” ngesiGreki nelithi “Khefase” ngesiHebheru, womabili asho idwala, lokhu kubonakala emavesini. Marku 1:16; Johane 1:40 kuya ku-41; KwabaseKorinte 1:12, 3:22 no-9:5; Galathiya 2:9.
Njengabanye abafundi, uPetru wayevela eGalile, abaseGalile babaziwa ngokuhlale besungula izinto ezintsha kukho konke ababekwenza, babevuleleke kakhulu ezinguqukweni ababezethula, futhi babekulungele ukuqala ukuvukela umbuso uma kudingekile, kwakwaziwa ukuthi babeyizisulu. amaqhawe, kodwa naphezu kwalelo qiniso, ayeqashelwa ngokuba amanene.
Ngokusho kwe- I-Talmud (umsebenzi oqoqa amasiko amaJuda), abaseGalile kwakungabantu ababelangazelela ukuhlonishwa kakhulu kunokunqoba, benezinhliziyo eziqinile futhi benamawala, baziwa nangokuthi banemizwa kakhulu, bewushisekela umqondo wokuphila ukuphila okuphakade. bathembeka kwaze kwaba sekugcineni, nakuba ayengomunye nje waseGalile phakathi kweqembu lakhe, wayengumholi.
Evesini leBhayibheli UMathewu 15: 15, kulandiswa ngendlela abuza ngayo uJesu incazelo yalo mfanekiso, ngaphezu kwalokho, wabuza umfundisi uJesu eminye imibuzo, njengokuthi kufanele sibathethelele kangaki abanye, ngisho nokubonga kuye ukuthi siyawazi umvuzo okhona lapho silandela. UJesu, uJesu, yingakho agqama njengomkhulumeli wabaphostoli.
Elinye iqiniso ngoPetru ukuthi ungomunye wabokuqala abavuma uJesu, waze waze wambiza ngokuthi uyiNdodana kaNkulunkulu uYise.” UPetru waphelezela uJesu waya entabeni lapho enza khona ukuguqulwa isimo, wazibonela izimangaliso zikaKristu. kahle, wabona ukuthi indodakazi kaJayiru yavuka kanjani, ngeshwa nayo yamphika uKristu phambi kwenceku.
Nakuba uPetru enza amaphutha amaningi, wayengumuntu ohlale eshumayela futhi enikela impilo yakhe kuJesu, yingakho wayehlala enomusa, yingakho kwakungasenandaba ukuthi wawa kaningi, noma wehluleka, njalo enomusa Kwamsiza ukuba abuyise isibindi sakhe. Ngesikhathi efa wathi akabethelwe ebheke phansi ngoba wayengakufanele ukuhlonishwa ngokufa njengoJesu, yingakho efanekiselwa isiphambano esibheke phansi nezikhiye eziphambanayo.
Felipe
Njengabo bonke abanye abafundi bakaJesu, uFiliphu naye wayengumdobi, eqinisweni, wayengowaseBetsayida njengabanye abaphostoli. Ngokwemibhalo egciniwe yomlando ekhona, uFiliphu wazinikela ekushumayeleni eFrigiya futhi ekugcineni wafa njengomfel’ ukholo eHierapholi, futhi nakuba kukhulunywa ngaye emavesini eBhayibheli ka- Mathewu 10:3; Marku 3:18; Luka 6:14 kanye nezEnzo 1:13, kukhulunywa kuphela ngokwenza izinto evangelini ngokukaJohane.
Izazi eziningi zeBhayibheli zixabene ngoFiliphu, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emavangelini ahlukene eBhayibheli okukhulunywa ngawo, uhlale echazwa njengomuntu ohlukile, nokho, lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi njengoba abhalwa abantu abahlukene. , indlela yokumchaza nayo yayihlukile, ingxabano esetshenziswa abanye babavikeli bakhe.
EVangelini likaJohane, uFiliphu kukhulunywa ngaye njengomunye wabokuqala ukwamukela izwi likaJesu, lokhu kwaba isizathu esanele sokuba abanye abaphostoli bamtshele lapho behlangana ngaphambi kukaKristu «Ekugcineni sathola indodana kaNkulunkulu, lowo UMose nabanye abaprofethi bachaza.
UBartholomew wayengathembi lutho, nokho, uFiliphu akazange abonise lolu hlobo lokungathembani, kunalokho, wasabela kuJesu "Woza Ubone" Ngakho-ke, kungabonakala ukuthi naphezu kokumbona okokuqala wanquma ukuthembela kuKristu. , nokuthi uFelipe wayenolwazi oluhle ngesikhathi eyisithunywa sevangeli.
UFelipe uchazwa njengomuntu onenhliziyo enhle, nakuba ngebhadi naye kuthiwa akanalo ithemba, uchazwa njengomuntu obethanda ukwenzela abanye izinto ezinhle, nokho ngokusho kwakhe ubengaboni ukuthi angenza kanjani. yenza lokhu, cha Nokho, wayehlala enikeza konke okusemandleni akhe, embula ngale ndlela ukuthi kungani uNkulunkulu amkhetha.
Ngokudabukisayo, wafa elenga, kodwa wasebenzisa amandla akhe okugcina ukuze acele ukuba umzimba wakhe ungasongwa ngelineni elicolekileyo ngoba wayengakufanelekeli ukuphathwa njengoJesu, wakhetha ukusongwa nge-papyrus. Ifanekiselwa njengobhasikidi wokudla ngendaba yeBhayibheli, kuthiwa futhi wayengowokuqala ukuphatha isiphambano njengophawu lobuKristu nolomnqobi.
USimon
Akukho okuningi okwaziwayo ngomphostoli uSimoni, kodwa wayaziwa ngokuthi "umZelothe" kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi wayengumGalile, ngokusho kwemibhalo yomlando wafa esiphambanweni. Kunenkulumompikiswano mayelana nokuthi uqanjwa kanjani ngoba, enguqulweni yeBhayibheli kaReina Valera ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Cananist" emavesini. Mathewu 10:4 noMarku 3:18, kuyilapho kwezinye izinguqulo zeBhayibheli emavesini ka Luka 6:15 kanye nezEnzo 1:13, ubizwa ngokuthi nguSimoni Zealot.
ETestamenteni elisha akaqanjwa neze igama, kugqama nje ukuthi wayengumshisekeli, kwakubizwa kanjalo bonke ababengamaJuda ashisekela ubuzwe, base belahlekelwe ingqondo ngoba benenzondo ejulile ngamaRoma, empeleni . inzondo yabo yayinkulu kangangokuthi yabashukumisela ukuba babhubhise idolobha laseJerusalema (isenzo samaZealot esingahileli uSimoni).
AmaZealot achazwa njengeqembu labanganaki, abanomona nabanobugqila, kubonakala emibhalweni ukuthi kukhona ngoSimoni ukuthi naye wayengumuntu oshisekayo, futhi njengamanye amaZealot naye wayenezinsolo ngeRoma eyamudla. ngaphakathi.” Nokho, uSimoni, elandela ezinyathelweni zikaJesu futhi eba umphostoli, wayishiya yonke leyo mizwa yobumnyama.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi wakwazi ukushiya ngemuva yonke leyo nzondo ngenxa yezimfundiso zikaJesu, nakuba ayebulale ngenxa yokwethembeka ku-Israyeli, washintsha ngokuphelele lapho ezinikela entandweni kaNkulunkulu. Njengabanye abaphostoli, wayengumfel’ ukholo, uphawu lwakhe luyinhlanzi eBhayibhelini, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesinye isikhathi ekuphileni kwakhe wayengumdobi.
Tomas
Kuyaziwa ukuthi uTomase wayehlala edolobheni laseGalile, kuyaziwa ukuthi wayesebenza emadolobheni ase Parthia nasemazweni afana nePheresiya neNdiya, ngeshwa, njengabanye abafundi bakaJesu abaningi, wafa esengumfel’ ukholo, lokhu kwenzeka entabeni ebhapathizwa njengoThomas oNgcwele etholakala eNdiya, futhi kuthiwa naye wabethelwa esiphambanweni.
UTomase kwakuyigama lesiHeberu ayenalo, nakuba igama lakhe lesiGreki laliyilo i-didymosNokho, abanye beza bembiza ngokuthi uJuda. EmaVangelini kaMathewu, uLuka noMarku cishe akukho lwazi ngaye, basho igama lakhe kuphela, noma kunjalo, eVangelini likaJohane kukhona ulwazi olwengeziwe ngaye.
UTomase wayekhona ekuvusweni kukaLazaru, lokhu kuchazwe evesini lika Johane 11:2-16. Kukhulunywa ngaye futhi emavesini ka Johane 14:1-6, lapha kulandiswa ukuthi wayefuna ukwazi indlela kaJesu nendlela yokuyilandela. Ekugcineni, evesini leBhayibheli elithi Johane 20: 25, kuyalandwa ukuthi wenqaba kanjani ukukholwa ukuvuka kukaJesu, wathi ngaphandle uma ebona amanxeba ezandleni nasezinyaweni zakhe, ngisho nenxeba lakhe ohlangothini wayengeke akholwe, yingakho eqanjwe igama elithi "Thomas. ongakholwayo."
Indlela uTomás ayengakholelwa ngayo yayiwukungabaza, wayengenathemba ngokwemvelo, naphezu kwakho konke, waziwa njengendoda enesibindi, uchazwa njengomuntu okwakufanele abone ukuze akholwe, naphezu kwakho konke wayeyindoda ezinikele futhi ezinikele. ukholo kuJesu Kristu, lapho evuswa kwabafileyo watshela uTomase ukuba abone amanxeba akhe ezandleni zakhe, ohlangothini nasezinyaweni ayelahlekelwe ukuphila kwakhe.
Nakuba uTomase wayekholelwa njalo ukuthi izindaba ezinhle zazihlale zizinhle kakhulu ukuba zibe yiqiniso, ukholo lwakhe aluzange luyeke ukukhula nsuku zonke ukuze akhonze uJesu. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, wajutshwa ukuba akhe isigodlo seNkosi yaseNdiya, kodwa lapho eseqedile wabulawa ngomkhonto, ngale ndlela waba umfelikholo, ufanekiselwa imikhonto eminingana eqoqwe ngamatshe futhi. imicibisholo. Uma usithandile lesi sihloko ungafunda Ukuphulukisa Mantras