Emhlabeni kunezizwe eziningana ezinezinhlobonhlobo ze-ecosystem. Ungathanda ukunaka ukuthi iyizwe megadiverse? Kulesi sihloko sibonisa ukuthi yimaphi amazwe anokwehlukahlukana okukhulu emhlabeni wonke, izici zawo, nokubaluleka kokulondoloza lezi zindawo. Thola ngalokhu nokunye okuningi!
Liyini izwe le-megadiverse?
Ngokuvamile, akuvamile ukuzwa igama noma inkulumo yokubeka isizwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi megadiverse, lapho sizoqhubeka nokuchaza ukuthi leli gama liqukethe ini. Ngokumelene nemingcele yalo mugqa, izwe eliyi-megadiverse linendawo enikezwe ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlelo zemvelo, lapho lihlala khona inqwaba yezinhlelo zemvelo ehlukahlukene futhi lokho emhlabeni wonke kubhekwa njengokucebile ezindaweni ezinokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwemvelo. .
Kula mazwe singathola izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezenza izitshalo nezilwane. Ukuze lezi zibhekwe njenge-megadiverse, kufanele ziqongelele cishe amaphesenti angama-75 ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo iplanethi yonke enazo. Phakathi kwezici ezakha amazwe ane-megadiversity sithola okulandelayo:
Ziqukethe inani elikhulu lezifunda zesitayela sezintaba. Kanye nezindlu eziningi zezindawo ezinamahlathi, izifunda zamahlathi nokunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-ecosystem ekhona kulawa mazwe imelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo nezindawo.
Endabeni yokuqukatha iziqhingi, zivame ukuqukatha iphesenti elikhulu lezitshalo nezilwane ezivame ukufana nezindawo noma izindawo zokuhlala, lapho izinhlobo noma izitshalo ezitholakala lapho zingatholakali kwezinye izindawo emhlabeni. Lawa mazwe ngokuvamile anendawo ebanzi, okuyiqiniso elinomthelela kumahektha amakhulu noma izingxenye zomhlaba ezihlanganisa futhi ezihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba wamanje.
Izici zamazwe we-megadiverse
Ngokuvamile, amazwe e-megadiverse athambekele ekubeni nezici ezithile ezingafakazelwa ngenxa yobuhle bezindawo zawo zemvelo kanye nemvelo egcwele izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo. Phakathi kwezici ezabiwe ngamazwe e-megadiverse sithola izici ezihlukahlukene ezizichaza ngokubi kakhulu, nazi ezinye zazo:
Usayizi
Uma nje indawo yezwe ibanzi, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zizotholakala ezihlala ezindaweni zayo zemvelo.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Lokhu kususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi amanye amazwe anezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemvelo yezitshalo nezilwane athonywa ezinye izindawo lapho kungatholakala khona futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Isimo sendawo
Amazwe aseMegadiverse kumele abe ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ukwahlukanisa
Ezwenikazi laseMelika, ayisibonelo esihle kakhulu sezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona, lapho izinhlobo ezinezici ezihluke ngokuphelele zizalana.
izindawo ezihlukahlukene
Lawa mazwe anezindawo eziningi ezibhekwa njengezihluke ngokuphelele futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke okuhle, okucebile ezindaweni ezinamanzi amakhulu, amahlathi, ama-savannah, amahlathi anomswakama nawomile, amachibi, I-Lagunas phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezindawo kanye ne-ecosystems ezichaza njengamazwe ase-megadiverse.
Cultura
Kula mazwe ahlinzekwe ngezindawo ezinkulu zemvelo kukhona ukuba khona kwabomdabu, abahlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane, bahlinzeka ngemvelo nezilwane ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukuza ukuzofuya ezinye izilwane, nokugcina impilo yezitshalo isesimweni esinempilo. Ngokuvamile bazinikele ekutadisheni ukuze bawasebenzise ekwelapheni.
Ingabe i-Mexico iyizwe eline-megadiverse?
Sekukonke, leli zwe libalwa njengelinye lamazwe ahlukahlukene kakhulu emhlabeni. Siyabonga ku Izici zaseMexico Lesi sizwe siphezulu ohlwini lwethu lwamazwe anothile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, njengoba sinezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezitholakala endaweni esemngceleni. Sikhuluma ngezwe eliqukethe isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezilwane ezihuquzelayo emhlabeni wonke, libe linombolo yesibili ngezilwane ezincelisayo. Iphinde ibe nokuhlukahluka okukhulu mayelana nezitshalo.
Kuleli zwe singathola inani elilinganiselwa ku-97 lezilwane ezitholwe ngokwesayensi. Ngaphandle kokubala noma ukucabangela lezo zinhlobo ezihlala kwezinye izindawo futhi okungaziwa ukuthi zikhona.
Ngenxa yalezi zifundo ze-ecosystem, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kwenziwe izinqubomgomo ezintsha zokuvimbela imvelo eziholela esinyathelweni sokuvimbela nokuvikela lezi zindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngezansi sizosho izinqubomgomo ezithile ezisiza ukunakekela izinkampani zezindiza zase-Mexico.
- Cishe amahektha angama-20 kuye kwangama-24 ezinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo avikelwe ngaphansi kocwaningo lwezemvelo ngenxa yesistimu yezindawo zokuvikela zemvelo zaseMexico.
- Kwenziwa imikhankaso eyahlukene yokuqwashisa abantu abazama ukwenza izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwemvelo kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Izinhlelo ezintsha zokutshala nokutshala ziyahanjiswa.
Ingabe akhona amanye amazwe e-megadiverse?
Ngokwalokhu, kukhona amanye amazwe nawo anezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezicebile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlobo nezitshalo. Ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, iplanethi njengamanje inamazwe ayishumi nesikhombisa kuphela anezici ezinhle zezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni zawo mayelana nezitshalo nezilwane. Nawa amanye alawa mazwe:
Brasil
Lokhu kumelela elinye lamazwe ahlukahlukene kakhulu emhlabeni, inendawo enkulu yezitshalo ehlukaniswa njengehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon, lapho kungatholakala khona okungenani izinhlobo eziyizigidi ezine.
Australia
I-Australia ingelinye lamazwe anezilwane eziningi, izinhlobo zayo zingatholakala kuphela ezweni, yingakho zitholakala ngokuphelele. Ukuma kwayo ngokwendawo kuyayivuna njengoba iyisiqhingi, ekujuleni kolwandle kunenqwaba yezilwane.
China
Inokwehlukahlukana okukhulu mayelana nemvelo
Colombia
Ngelinye lamazwe akha lolu hlu, futhi kungani kungenjalo? Uma leli zwe libekwe endaweni ephakathi nendawo elivumela ukuthi libe nezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo emahlathini alo, lapho singathola khona u-20% wezilwane emhlabeni.
Ecuador
Leli zwe lingelinye lamazwe anephesenti elihle lemvelo, kanye nokusebenzisa imikhankaso emikhulu yokongiwa kwemvelo endaweni yalo.
United States
Futhi imele isibonelo sezwe eline-megadiverse, ngenxa yobukhulu bendawo.
EPhilippines
Ineziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-600, ingcebo yayo ikhona ezilwaneni zasolwandle, nakuba inamahlathi namahlathi lapho ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zihlala khona.
India
Leli zwe lihlala likhuthaza ukunakekelwa kwezindawo zalo zemvelo, kule ndawo singathola izindawo zokulondoloza imvelo kanye nezilwane.
Indonesia
Izinhlobo eziningana zitholakala lapha, kanye nezitshalo, uhlobo lwezitshalo enazo alutholakali kalula noma kuphi emhlabeni.
Madagascar
Izinhlobo eziningi zomhlaba zitholakala kule ndawo. Njengase-Indonesia, izilwane ezihlala kule ndawo azitholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni.
I-Malasia
Ikhona futhi kulolu hlu lwamazwe ase-megadiverse.” Ngeshwa, izindawo ezinamahlathi ziyahlupheka, njengoba ngokuvamile ukugawulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu ngokuphelele ezilwaneni ezikhona kulezi zindawo, okuyiqiniso elinomthelela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane.
I-México
Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, i I-Ecosystems yaseMexico ayikwazi ukushiywa ngaphandle kwalolu hlu lwezifanekiselo. Njengoba sesishilo, leli zwe linezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane. Okuvumela leli ukuthi kube yizwe elinamaphesenti amakhulu okuvakasha kwezivakashi minyaka yonke ngoba lihluke ngokuphelele, linikeza izindawo ezihlukene zemvelo ezingavamile nezemukelayo.
ENew Guinea
Nakuba kuye kwenziwa ucwaningo oluncane mayelana nezitshalo nezilwane zalo kuleli zwe, kodwa lisabalwa njengezwe eline-megadiverse.
Peru
Inendawo ebizwa ngokuthi ihlathi lase-Amazon elisemngceleni wamanye amazwe aseNingizimu Melika, kule ngxenye yehlathi ungathola ingcebo enkulu ngokwezinhlobo zezilwane esibhekisela kuzo.
IDemocratic Republic of Congo
Kule ndawo kutholakala elinye lamahlathi anendawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Nokho idlulwa yihlathi lase-Amazon.
ENingizimu Afrika
Njengoba sazi ukuthi leli zwe licebile ngokuphelele futhi mayelana nezilwane. Nokho, inenani elikhulu lezitshalo ezihlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelela okungenani amaphesenti ayishumi ezitshalo kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Venezuela
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, leli zwe belingeke liphuthelwe ohlwini lwamazwe angama-megadiverse emhlabeni. Ithathwa njengezwe elicebe ngokuphelele ngokwezindawo kanye nemvelo, insimu yayo ngokuphelele. megadiverse. Indawo yayo eningi ihlinzekwa ngamahektha amakhulu amahlathi, amahlathi nama-savannah. Izindawo ezihlala izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Leli zwe linezinyoni ezilinganiselwa ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi nanhlanu zomhlaba wonke.
Ukunotha kwaleli zwe akumelelwe nje kuphela imvelo efana nempophoma ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, lo mbukiso omangalisayo noweqiniso, ngaphezu kokuba nezimpophoma ezinkulu ezitholakala eCanaima National Park esifundazweni saseBolívar. Yamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni iNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ngonyaka we-XNUMX.
Lesi simiso semvelo semvelo sinezimpophoma ezikhuphuka kancane, kanye nokuhambisana nesandiso esikhulu se-hydrographic, siqukethe ama-reliefs akhiwe ngama-tepuyes anombono ohlaba umxhwele. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi iminyaka yayo yokwakheka komhlaba ithathwa njengephakathi kweminyaka ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyinkulungwane nengxenye.
I-Venezuela nayo inezinqolobane ezinkulu zemvelo ezikhishwa ikakhulukazi emhlabathini, phakathi kwazo sithola uwoyela. Kanye namaminerali ahlukahlukene abonakala ngegolide, isiliva, i-bauxite futhi ekugcineni amatshe ayigugu njengamadayimane. Ngamafuphi, kunezici eziningi zezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ze-megadiverse lelizwe elinazo, akungabazeki ukuthi leli yizwe eline-megadiverse ezindaweni eziningi.
Iziphetho
Ukubaluleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kungenye yezinto okufanele abantu bazikhuthaze kakhulu, futhi nakuba lokhu kuwumthombo esingawuthola emazweni ahlukene namuhla abhekwa njenge-megadiverse, imizamo yokugcina izindawo zabo zemvelo kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuzikhandla okukhulu ama-ejensi wendawo wezizwe ngezizwe ezibonakala ngokuba yizwe elixubile.
Njengoba sibonile kukho konke lokhu okuthunyelwe, akuwona wonke amazwe emhlabeni anelungelo lokuba nezimo zezulu ezinezici ezihlukile futhi ezinokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo. Kodwa-ke, amazwe ashiwo ngenhla abonakala ngokuba abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke njengoba anezimo ezidingekayo zokukhiqiza nokutshala lezi zindawo ezindaweni zawo, eziwuphawu ngokuphelele lobuhle obukhulu.
I-Megadiversity iyisipho semvelo izinqubo zeplanethi yethu ezisivumela ukuthi sisijabulele ngokubanzi, ukubaluleka kwayo kusekugcineni izindlela eziningi zemvelo esibonga ngazo kuphela. Ukubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo Ayanda amazinga okuvimbela nokunakekela ukuthi izindlela zesikhungo ezivikela ukusinda kwemvelo ziye zajula emikhankasweni yokuqwashisa.
Kukithi ukujabulela lezi zindawo ngokuqwashisa okugcwele kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo, ukuze singalimazi izindawo ezihlinzekwe ngenani elikhulu lezitshalo nezilwane ezikhona ku-ecosystem yomhlaba. Akusekho lutho ngaphandle kokukumema ukuthi ube ngumuntu onikela ngemisebenzi emihle enomthelela ekunakekeleni imvelo yethu.