I-Las amamaski ase-Afrika bamele isici esibalulekile phakathi kwamasiko enkolo namasiko ezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ziyizici ezidlala phakathi kwezindaba zezinganekwane zendabuko zezizwe zabo.
Amaski ase-Afrika
Lolu hlobo lwesiko lwase-Afrika lungabonakala lumelwe emidlalweni, imidanso ngisho namasiko angokomoya. Ngakho-ke, izifihla-buso zase-Afrika zinezigaba ezihlukanisayo komunye nomunye, njengalezo ezisetshenziswa njengento engokomoya echaza okhokho, lezo ezisetshenziswa amaqhawe ezinganekwane, lezo ezihlanganisa kokubili izakhi kanye nalezo Zisebenza njengezilwane.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izifihla-buso zase-Afrika ziyisici esibalulekile esichaza izenzo ngaphakathi kwemikhosi eyakha la mazwe ayingxenye yaleli zwekazi. Ngokufanayo, kungashiwo ukuthi zivelele kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, njengoba kwenzeka eCambodia naseLaos.
Izifihla-buso zase-Afrika nazo zisetshenziswa kakhulu emicimbini yomngcwabo. Ubani ogqoke imaski futhi kanjalo into ngokwayo ichazwa ngomunye nomunye, ngefomu abahlose ukulimelela.
Isakhiwo
Yakhiwe ngokhuni oluqoshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, emikhosini eyenziwayo, kusungulwa umdansi, onesudi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona umoya obizwa nangokuthi genius, osungulwa ngaphakathi kwesudi. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi konke lokhu kubhekwa njengokungcwele futhi ngokulandelayo isixhumanisi se-catalyst esivumela ukuvumelana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi phakathi komphakathi wendabuko, isifihla-buso sase-Afrika siyingxenye yezinhlangano zomphakathi, ezenkolo kanye nezombusazwe. Uma ufuna ungafunda isihloko Pepita Jimenez.
Lokhu kusenza siqonde ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ngokwezinkolelo zama-Afrika, izifihla-buso ziba umlamuleli woNkulunkulu namadlozi nabantu abathuthukisa ukuphila kule ndiza.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, kungalesi sizathu ukuthi izifihla-buso zase-Afrika kanye nemidlalo eyenziwa kanye nabo, idlala indima ebalulekile ezinqumweni zezombusazwe, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni eziphathelene nokutshala, ukuvuna, izijeziso ezithile zalabo abenza ubugebengu. , ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo ulwazi oluletha ulwazi olusha kubantu, ukwamukela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nokuvalelisa lapho zifika ekufeni.
Isikhathi samaKoloni
Ngesikhathi sobukoloni, izifihla-buso zase-Afrika zaqedwa, njengoba izithunywa zevangeli zabonisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwensimbi lwalusakaza izici zobuqaba ezazingeyona into kaNkulunkulu. Lapho becabangela ngempela ukuthi bakhuthaza izinkolo ezingaba nokubaluleka okukhulu kunobuKatolika, kanjalo benciphisa umyalo walesi sikhungo senkolo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwalezi zinto emazweni ase-Afrika, njenge-Ivory Coast, akukaze kugunyazwe ngokomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, njengesilinganiso sokuvikela amagugu amasiko, i-UNESCO iyakwenqabela ukuqedwa kwezifihla-buso zase-Afrika kusukela ngo-1990.
Izifihla-buso zase-Afrika ziyingxenye yobuciko bendabuko baleli siko. Ngakho-ke, kufanele amelwe ngesizotha nangentshiseko, angavumeli ukuba angcoliswe ukuze adayiselwe abaqoqi.
izici ezibalulekile
Kudingekile ukubalula ukuthi emasikweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, izifihla-buso zimelela izici eziyisisekelo ezihlanganisa ukusebenza okungokomoya kwempucuko ethile. Injalo incazelo yezifihla-buso zase-Afrika. Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezindaweni ezinjenge-United States, lezi zimelela kuphela isesekeli semicimbi yemvunulo noma ukugujwa kwe-Halloween.
Phakathi kwezizwe zase-Afrika, lezi zinto zihloselwe ukuchaza isixhumanisi esikhona nezici zaphezulu. Okuholela ekutheni benze imidanso kanye nemicimbi yaseshashalazini ngalawa maski njengomlingiswa oyinhloko, ngokusho kwamarekhodi omlando atholakele. Okusivumela futhi ukuthi siqonde ukuthi izifihla-buso zase-Afrika ziyimifanekiso yonkulunkulu, imimoya yaphezulu kanye nabafileyo.
Ngakho-ke, izifihla-buso zase-Afrika ziye zaba ukumelela okubalulekile kwamasiko ezizwe ezihambisana nezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ukukhiqiza ukuthi izinto zenzelwe ukuthuthukiswa okulungile kwemikhuba yenkolo evumela ukubonga onkulunkulu ngalokho okunikezwe abantu.
Material
Lezi zimaski ngokuvamile zenziwe ngokhuni, kodwa futhi zenziwe ngethusi, ithusi, i-terracotta kanye nezinyo lendlovu. Ngokulandelayo, zivame ukuhlotshiswa ngamagobolondo, amathambo, izitshalo, amaqabunga, izitsha nezikhumba.
Isizathu sokuthi izinkuni ngokuvamile ziyizinto ezisetshenziselwa lolu hlobo lwe-mask kungenxa yokuthi izizwe zikholelwa ukuthi izihlahla zinomphefumulo wazo. Futhi ukucabangela ukuthi umoya obuhlala ngaphakathi kwesifihla-buso ubungase uzizwe uzolile, njengoba uzobe ungaphakathi kwesinye isidalwa esingcwele.
Lapho ukwakhiwa kwe-mask kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, yayihlotshiswe, ihlale ifuna ukumelela izici zemvelo, ubuntu kanye nezakhi ezingokomoya.
Ngakho-ke izifihla-buso zase-Afrika ziwukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwezwe labantu kanye nokwaphezulu. Lapho besebenza khona njenge-catalyst yokuxhumana nonkulunkulu, amadlozi nemimoya. Ngokulandelayo, yizo ezivumela lezi zakhi zaphezulu ukuthi zingene emzimbeni womuntu futhi zikwazi ukwenza imikhosi yendabuko egcwele umdanso kanye nemidlalo yaseshashalazini.
Amathuluzi
Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi amathuluzi okuqoshwa ngawo izifihla-buso zase-Afrika abhekwa njengangcwele. Ngakho zidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi bapenda imaski ngezingulube ezivela emvelweni, njengezinambuzane, umhlaba negazi.
Kukholakala ukuthi amathuluzi asetshenziswa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane afika namandla avumela ukwakhiwa okungcwele kwezifihla-buso. Ngakho-ke lokhu kusenza siqonde ukuthi akulona nje noma yiliphi ithuluzi elingenza imaski enhle.
Cishe njalo labo abenza imaski yase-Afrika babeyingxenye yemisebenzi yobupristi noma bakhonza njengamakhosi ezizwe, ngakho-ke babengebona nje izibalo ezibalulekile zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwendima ethile, kodwa futhi bavunyelwe ukuxhumana njalo nezwe elingokomoya.
Ngokulandelayo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izimfundiso ezivumela ukuthi lobu buciko bufundwe zingakhiqizwa isikhathi eside. Njengoba kwakufunwa ukuthi lowo ofundelwayo uzilungiselele ngokwanele ukuze akwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ngendlela efanele.
Izifihla-buso zase-Afrika njengezinto zamandla
Labo ababegqoka izifihla-buso zase-Afrika babecabanga ukuthi lezi zinto yizo ezazibavumela ukuba basebenzise amandla athile aholela ekuxhumaneni nowaphezulu. Isimo esenza lolu hlobo lwento luthathwe isiko lama-Afrika njengento engcwele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imaski ngayinye yayifeza umsebenzi othile, ngakho ukubaluleka kwayo kwakuxhomeke ekutheni hlobo luni lomsebenzi eyayinalo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, incazelo yawo isivumela ukuba siqonde ukuthi izifihla-buso zaba isixhumanisi esasikhona phakathi kokuphila kwangemva kokufa, lapho kwatholakala khona izwe lonkulunkulu, okhokho nemimoya, kanye nangemva kwalokho lapho isintu sembuleka khona.
Ngesikhathi abahlanganyeli bemikhosi befaka izifihla-buso, babangela ukuba umthwali achithe ubukhona bakhe ukuze abe umuntu onamandla angaphezu kwawomuntu. Ngale ndlela, ukuxhumana okunembe kakhudlwana nezidalwa zaphezulu kwafinyelelwa, okwavumela ukuhlonishwa kwazo kalula.
Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amamaski ase-Afrika asetshenziswa yizizwe ngezikhathi ezikhethekile kuphela. Njengoba kwakunjalo ekubulaweni kokuthwasa, imikhosi eyenza i-solstice, iphathi eyayinikezelwe konkulunkulu nemimoya yaphezulu nemingcwabo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izifihla-buso zase-Afrika zazisetshenziswa emcimbini owodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwadingeka baqedwe, cishe njalo bagcina behamba nabo emlilweni, ngenhloso yokuthi kungabi khona umkhondo wabo.
Isiko lomlomo
Izizwe zase-Afrika azizange zithuthukise ukubhala, ngakho-ke ambalwa amarekhodi akhona asekelwe kulo msebenzi. Yingakho izindaba zazidluliselwa ngomlomo.
Bebejwayele ukulisebenzisa ngokwenza imidlalo efana nomdlalo. Ngalolu hlobo lwemisebenzi, izifihla-buso zabonisa isisetshenziswa esibalulekile.
Izindaba zakhe zathuthukiswa ehambisana nemvelo, owayenguNkulunkulu esikweni lama-Afrika.
bobunjwa namaphethini
Ezikhathini eziningi, imaski yase-Afrika inejiyomethri ethathwa njengephelele. Ngakho-ke ikuvumela ukuba ubone ngeso lengqondo amaphethini enziwe ngobumnene nokuzimisela okukhulu.
Kungale ndlela lapho kungase kuqondwe khona ukuthi izimo ezakha lezi zinto zinedatha ebhalwe ngekhodi, lapho kungabonakala khona uma isifihla-buso singowesilisa noma owesifazane.
Ngendlela efanayo, uma isifihla-buso saziswa kahle, izimo zezenhlalo umuntu osigqokile ayehlala kuzo zingabonwa, ziphinde zichaze amandla athuthuke kuwo.
Emva kwalokhu singaqonda ukuthi imisebenzi yezifihla-buso zase-Afrika yayihlukene. Ngakho incazelo yalo yayihlukahlukene. Kokunye, bezivele zisetshenziselwe ukwazisa ngeqhaza lomuntu ogqoke imaskhi ngenkathi kuqhubeka umcimbi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izifihla-buso zazifuna ukuchaza izidalwa zaphezulu ezazihlobene ngokuqondile nezakhi ezitholakala emvelweni ngokwayo. Ngenhloso yokwenza iminikelo edingekayo konkulunkulu, kanjalo banikele ngezinkonzo zabo njengamakholwa ngendlela elula.
Ngokulandelayo, kungaba yingxenye ewusizo njengendlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukene. Ukuzithoba ekudaleni ukwesaba phakathi kwezitha okubhekwa njengokuyingozi. Ungayeki ukufunda Biography of Jose Clemente Orozco
ubuciko bendabuko
Izifihla-buso zase-Afrika zithathwa njengezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesiko lezizwe. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa phakathi nemikhosi yenkolo evumela amalungu esizwe ukuba abonge onkulunkulu ngokusebenza kwabo njalo.
Labo abazimisele ukugqoka isifihla-buso, banomgomo wokumelela imimoya, okhokho babo, amaqhawe atholakala ezinganekwaneni nasemiphefumulweni yezilwane evelele. Konke ukuze ube nokuxhumana kweqiniso nobuciko obungokomoya.
Imvelo yezifihla-buso zase-Afrika
Ifunwa ngokugqoka isifihla-buso sase-Afrika, iguqulelwe ekubeni ngumuntu onamandla ngokuphelele. Njengoba ikwazi ukukhiqiza impilo kubalingiswa abangokomoya ngokwemvelo. Ukuze kufinyelelwe le nqubo, umkhuba womkhosi wesimo senkolo nezenhlalakahle kufanele wenziwe.
Le misebenzi yenziwa ngemikhuba yezolimo, imikhosi yomngcwabo, ukuqala kwempilo entsha, ukuqaliswa kokukhula kanye nokuhlonishwa okwesabekayo kwezidalwa ezibalulekile zenkolo, njengoba kwenzeka konkulunkulu.
Kungemva kwalezi zizathu lapho izifihla-buso zase-Afrika zihlanganisa izici zezilwane nabantu. Ngokulandelayo, babonisa indlela yokuhlanganisa amandla omuntu nokubaluleka kwendawo ezungezile emzungezile ukuze afinyelele kulelo phuzu elingokomoya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, into edingekayo kakhulu lapho wenza lolu hlobo lwensimbi yobuciko izinkuni. Ngokufanayo, umhlobiso uvame ukubekwa izikhumba, amagobolondo, amathambo, izitshalo namaqabunga. Inosayizi abahlukene, kuya ngokuthi ufuna ukwenzani ngayo.
Izinhlobo zamamaski ase-Afrika
Isiko lase-Afrika linezinhlobo eziningi zamamaski akhiwe ngokwezizwe azenziwa kuwo futhi, nawo adingeka kuwo. Abanye baze bafeze umsebenzi wokudala ukwesaba. Izinhlobo zamamaski zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
I-Kanaga yaseMali
Lolu hlobo lwesifihla-buso sase-Afrika lusetshenziswa emcimbini we-Dogon. Inenjongo yokudumisa ukudalwa kwendawo yonke. Ngokulandelayo, ibuye isetshenziswe emingcwabeni, ikakhulukazi esizweni sama-Awa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imaski yenzelwe ukumela inyoni yase-Afrika. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu yakhiwe ngokuba ngunxantathu, inekhoni engezansi etholakala emlonyeni futhi ngaphezu kwalokho inomqhele osuke ube nenjongo yokumelela amaphiko enyoni eziwufanekiselayo.
UFang waseCameroon, Gabon nase-Equatorial Guinea
Inezici eziyenza ibukeke side futhi ibe nemifantu esukela ekuqaleni kwamehlo ayo kuye ezihlathini. Lolu hlobo lwemaski lusetshenziselwa ukwenza izenzo ezinesici sokwahlulela. Njengoba ivusa izakhi ezivikela ukuthula kwezindawo ezisetshenziswayo.
Phakathi kwezinhloso zayo, ivumela ukuqeda noma yiluphi uhlobo lwamandla amabi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lolu hlobo lwemaski lwafika ukuze lukhuthaze umdwebi u-Picasso emisebenzini eminingi, ikakhulukazi kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Les Demoiselles de Avignon.
ezinye izikhumba
Phakathi kwezinye izifihla-buso zase-Afrika ezivelele iDan, Senufo, We, Baule, Kulango eyadabuka e-Ivory Coast, iSowie eseSierra Leone, kanye neyaseNigeria, i-Akuaba yaseGhana, i-Andoni yaseNiger, iPende yase-Angola. .
USalampasu waseCongo, uBindji waseZaire noBamileke waseCameroon nabo bagqamile. Konke lokhu kusivumela ukuba siqonde ukuthi izifihla-buso zase-Afrika zimelela izici zenkolo, izinhlelo zenhlalo, zithola impilo entsha, zinikeza ukuhlakanipha futhi zihambisane nalabo abakholelwa kuyo ekugcineni.
Ukubaluleka ezizweni zase-Afrika
Okushiwo imaski yase-Afrika yilabo abamele izinhlobo zasendulo zezakhi zobuciko, izici zenkolo futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezingubo zokumela imikhosi. Ngokulandelayo, inokubaluleka okukhulu kwamasiko nendabuko emiphakathini eyakha abomdabu base-Afrika.
Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwesiko lama-Afrika ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemicimbi. Okugqame kakhulu kuhlobene nokuzalwa kwezingane kanye nokuthwasa kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ekubeni abantu abadala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, limelela ingxenye ebalulekile yesivuno nezitshalo. Futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yeziqalo neziphetho zezimpi.
Izifihla-buso ziyimifanekiso yemimoya yonkulunkulu, okhokho kanye nezakhi zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, imaski yase-Afrika yizinto zokuhamba ezivumela ukuxhumana namaqhawe ezinganekwane.
Kufunwa ngemikhuba nemidanso efinyelela ukuphupha okujulile okuvumela ukuhlangana okungokomoya nezidalwa zaphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi labo abasebenzisa lolu hlobo lwemaski babengamalungu ezinhlangano eziyimfihlo, ezimweni eziningi befuna ukukhiqiza izici zeshashalazi.
Amamaski ase-Afrika eNtshonalanga
Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, izifihla-buso zase-Afrika zimelela izinto zokuhlobisa, ngokuvamile ezihlose ukuhlonipha incazelo engokomoya ezinayo ngaphakathi kwamasiko ase-Afrika.
Kodwa-ke, ingxenye enkulu, abantu abanalolu hlobo lwento emakhaya abo abazi ukubaluleka abaza nakho, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi bayayazi izakhi zenganekwane abanazo izifihla-buso zase-Afrika.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abaculi baseYurophu ababaluleke kakhulu banquma ukwenza izethulo ezizohlonipha ubuciko futhi, futhi, isiko lase-Afrika, ngaleyo ndlela limele lolu hlobo lwamaski wendabuko wesifunda.
Lesi simo yiso esabangela abaningi namuhla ukuba babone lezi zinto njengezinto zokuhlobisa ezifanele izindlu. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaculi abaqale le nhlangano bayinaka incazelo yezethulo ngasinye abazenzile, izincazelo zabo okwamanje azikaziwa nhlobo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zibizwa kunalokho eNtshonalanga njengezinto ze-avant-garde ezibonisa ukubaluleka kobuciko base-Afrika, futhi ezimele izici ezichaza ubuntu obungavamile.