“Okubuhlungu wukuthi uma ucikwa yiNew York akukho lapho ungaya khona. Ingumphetho womhlaba. Okuwukuphela kwento engingayenza ukuzulazula njengengwejeje evalelwe.”
Esinye isisebenzi esilahlekile, esiqaphela kakhulu i-pan kunokudideka, kufanele sishiye ibhakede elikhohliwe onqenqemeni lwe-cornice, ekupheleni kwesakhiwo leso esidumile esinesimo sesiqongo sensimbi. Ngonyaka we-1902, i-Flatiron ebabazekayo, isakhiwo sebhilidi esiziqhenyayo sokuqala eNew York, sicabanga ngokushona kwayo kokuqala kwelanga futhi, kwazi bani ukuthi kanjani (mhlawumbe umoya ohelezayo, umoya oshisayo wokuqala lapho ilanga livalelisa? mhlawumbe imvula?), ibhakede likhuphuka vacuum.
Kusukela ebhakedeni lihluma, ngokulingana okungenakwenzeka futhi okumangalisayo, zonke izinhlobo zezintambo, izintambo nezintambo. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane ezibungu ezinkulu okuthi lapho ewa ziqhudelane ngesivinini namaconsi amafu. Iwindi liya efasiteleni, izintambo, izintambo kanye nezintambo ziyawa iminyaka: amapayipi aqinile ajikijelwa ngokuqiniseka enkabeni yomhlaba, ngezinye izikhathi enkabeni ye-Wall Street; futhi izintambo ziyaphithana, kwesinye isikhathi emishadweni, abanye bangene ibhizinisi, abanye ezinkantolo (abanye, bebonke ngesikhathi esisodwa ngendlela yesehlukaniso); imicu emincane ehlela ngasemgwaqeni elwa nomoya, izilokazane nobumpofu; futhi, yiqiniso, imicu ye-anemic eyehlayo futhi ukuthi ukuhamba kwesikhathi, indlala, noma ithuba elilula ekugcineni libulale.
Okuqukethwe ebhakedeni kuqondwa njengabantu abahlala khona Ukudluliswa kweManhattan. Qonda ukuxaka kwesisebenzi, imvula namandla adonsela phansi, izimo zalesi siphithiphithi esibizwa ngokuthi ukuphila. Ziqonde ngalokhu kubuyekezwa kokuqala kwe Ukudluliswa kweManhattan, ukukhanga ngokuthobeka esingathekisweni somuntu owayengakwazi ukuqala isihloko.
Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Manhattan Transfer
Izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu. Inoveli edume kakhulu yesimanje edume kakhulu Ernest Hemingway (Uxolo kaFrancis Scott Fitzgerald kanye neyakhe I-Great Gatsby) inezinhlamvu zesibili ezingama-38. Kanye ne amashumi amathathu eminyaka kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, sifunda amaphupho, injabulo kanye nosizi lwabasebenzi ukuze sihlukanise i-anatomy yegama elifanele kuphela elinendima eholayo: i-New York enkulu yemali, isifiso sokuvelela kanye nenkulumo sonke esiyaziyo namuhla.
Nakuba ingatholakala ngefomethi yephaketheni ngama-euro angaphezudlwana nje kweshumi nanye, inani elingokomlando le Ukudluliswa kweManhattan alinani (lesi singathekiso esingesihle, futhi).
Ukudluliswa kweManhattan Isikhombisa kangcono kunanoma iyiphi enye inoveli yangaleso sikhathi (noma basho kanjalo) ukuthi ubumpofu babunambitheka kanjani, ukuthi izincwadi zemali zazibhonga kanjani nokuthi amakha anjani iMelika echumayo ngemva kweMpi Enkulu kanye nangaphambi kwe-Crack of 29. Futhi nokuthi ikusasa lalimlindele. Funda, funda, okushiwo incwadi eyanyatheliswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX:
[Ingxoxo phakathi kwabakhi ababili be-Manhattan Transfer]»“Ndoda, kufanele ubone izinhlelo zabo zezakhiwo zensimbi zodwa. Unombono wokuthi isakhiwo sesikhathi esizayo sizokwakhiwa ngensimbi nengilazi kuphela. Kade sizama ngamathayili muva nje… Kristu, amanye amaphrojekthi abo angakukhathaza. Inomusho omuhle ovela angazi ukuthi umbusi waseRoma owathola iRoma wenza ngezitini futhi wayishiya ngemabula. Nokho, uthi uthole iNew York eyenziwe ngezitini futhi uzoyishiya yenziwe ngensimbi…, ngensimbi nengilazi. Kufanele ngikubonise iphrojekthi yakhe yokwakha kabusha idolobha. Iphupho eliwubulima!"
New York, umlingiswa oyinhloko we-hive of Ukudluliswa kweManhattan
I-Mosaic, ikhathalogu, umbukiso... abagxeki basebenzise amagama amaningi ukudumisa le qoqo lamadrama abantu athuthuka ngesivinini sombani I-Manhattan Transfer. Ngegumbi lephathi nama-melopeas amadola endimeni eyodwa, kanye nokuhushula isisu endaweni eyi-cubbyhole kokulandelayo. Ukulandisa okuyizicucu kuyi-cinematographic kakhulu, kuya ephuzwini, kakhulu ngo half res, ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi ukulandisa kwenzeka kuphi manje noma ukuthi sekunesikhathi esingakanani kusukela ekukhulumeni kokugcina komlingiswa. Okubalulekile lapha umhlambi. Isidleke sezinyosi.
Isidleke sezinyosi? Ngemva kwamakhasi ambalwa, ngiye ngakhumbula iNobel evelele UCamilo José Cela. yini ngaphandle Ukudluliswa kweManhattan bekungeke kube khona kangcono? inoveli iyinto esobala kakhulu eyembulwa kusenesikhathi nokuthi, nokho, ayilimazi ukufundwa nokuthokozelwa kwayo. Ukudluliswa kweManhattan kanye nendaba yakhe. Izindaba zakhe. Nakuba i-Dos Passos igcwalisa yonke into ngesenzo nenkhulumomphendvulwano, umfundi kufanele enze ingxenye yabo enkulu (ipeni nephepha mhlawumbe) futhi anake uma ufuna ngempela ukuhlala ne-tangle enkulu yama-twist kanye namajika kanye nemigwaqo yesibili.
I-Dos Passos kanye ne-anti-capitalist critique
Itulo lentatheli uJimmy Herf kanye nommeli uGeorge Baldwin bayagqama. Njengoba kufanele kube njalo, azizona izinhlamvu ezinhle nezimbi ngokuphelele, kodwa zisondela komunye wemingcele emibili. Engaqondile, enyakaza futhi enobuntu, u-Herf uzama kanzima ukuthola indawo yakhe emhlabeni kuyilapho u-Baldwin, onesifiso sokuvelela, eba uMnu. Money, Power and Women. U-Dos Passos uzothuthukisa izincwadi zakhe ze-counter-capitalist emisebenzini yakamuva, kodwa kulokhu sekusele insalela yokusola nokungaphatheki kahle emphakathini lapho "owukuphela kwakhe osizakala ngonxiwankulu kuwumqili, futhi abe usozigidi ngokushesha."
kakhulu Isidumbu nguRafael Chirbes.
La ukuqashwa Ayithathwanga kunoveli, ithathwe kuJohn Dos Passos. Encwadini ukusola akukaze kuboniswe ingcaca kangaka. Kufanele umbe ku-cast. Kukhona abenza kahle eStock Exchange futhi kukhona abashona begxivizwe olwandle ngemuva kokugxuma besuka eBrooklyn Bridge.
Bamba futhi uhlole ukuthi wonke umuntu, ngisho nokhohliwe, uphefumula kanjani lokho kunganeliseki okuzungeza ingcindezi, i-vertigo, ukushesha kanye nokuphithizela okuvamile kwe-Apula Elikhulu; idolobha elinamavithamini amaningi lapho ukuqhuma kwezibambiso ezincane ezibulalayo (imililo, izingozi zomgwaqo, ukuqothuka komuntu siqu, ukubulawa kwabantu) kubonakala kuyinani elingenakugwenywa okufanele likhokhelwe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokusunduza amaphistoli enqubekelaphambili yomuntu.
Isahluko ngasinye siqala ngezincazelo ezinhle zezixuku nokungaziwa kwedolobha elikhulu. Uma singayinaki insalela yeqiniso elingakhululekile ukuthi incwadi ishiya, lezi zigaba zesethulo ziyilayisensi encane u-Dos Passos azivumela ukuba amemeze kithi ngaphandle kokulinganisa uhhafu umbono wakhe wokuthi izinto zenziwa kanjani enhloko-dolobha yomhlaba. Ngokusho Luis Goytisolo endabeni yakhe ubunjalo benoveli, lezi zincazelo kube yizona ezimise isithombe (indawo evamile) yezinto ezingaqondakali I-New York ye-Little Ant Automata Edward Hopper elalelayo:
“Ukuhwalala kuzungeza amakhona aqinile emigwaqo. Ubumnyama buyasithela edolobheni elinetiyela elishunqayo, amafreyimu amafasitela ancibilikayo, amabhodi ezikhangiso, oshimula, amathange amanzi, iziphephetha-moya, izinto zokubalekela umlilo, imigexo, imihlobiso, imifeketho, amehlo, izandla. , othayi, ngamabhulokhi amakhulu amnyama. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi eqhubekayo ebusuku, amafasitela athululela imifudlana yokukhanya, ama-arcs kagesi achithe ubisi olukhanyayo. Ubusuku bucindezela izindlu ezimnyama zize ziconse amalambu abomvu, aphuzi, aluhlaza emigwaqweni lapho izigidi zezinyathelo zinanela khona. Ukukhanya kuthulula izimpawu ezisophahleni, kuzungeza amasondo, kunemibala amathani esibhakabhakeni."
Como UFrancis Scott Fitzgerald, i-Dos Passos ingeyenhlangano ebizwa nge-Lost Generation. Ini IGatsby Enkulu, I-Manhattan Transfer yanyatheliswa ngo-1925. Nakuba eyokuqala yayilinganiselwe ekuchazeni ukuzungeza kwamabhamuza e-champagne achitheka kusiraphu ye-vice and passion, incwadi esikhathazayo namuhla iyi-encyclopedia ephelele yezilwane nezigaba zomphakathi ezigcwele. isiqhingi esandulela iNkathi yeJazz.
Isihloko sencwadi kaPasos sibhekisela kuleso sesiteshi sesitimela esimatasa. Indawo lapho, njengasenovelini, ubuso bufika budlule, obunye busala kuyi-retina kanti obunye bukhohlwa ngokuphazima kweso. Uma kubhekwa ukungabikho kokuhlehlisa okungokoqobo okuphathelene nengqondo yabalingisi ngokuvuna ukulandelana kwezigcawu zansuku zonke ezinezingxoxo eziningi, incwadi yayingaba amakhasi angama-200 amafushane noma amakhasi ayinkulungwane ubude. Kwakungenandaba: okubalulekile isidleke. Izihloko zezindaba nezigaba zibaluliwe, obunye ubufakazi bokuthi i-Manhattan Transfer, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iwubufakazi balokho iNew York yayiyikho kanye nebhukwana lokuthi yafika kanjani lapho ikhona.
UJohn Dos Passos, Manhattan Transfer
I-Debolsillo, i-Barcelona 2009 (eyashicilelwa ngo-1925)
Amakhasi angu-448 | izindleko 11 Euro