Izincwadi ZeBhayibheli Zomlando nokuthi zingaki

Ibhayibheli lithathwa njengencwadi yemibhalo engcwele ngaphakathi kwenkolo yobuKrestu, lithathwa njengencwadi enezimfundiso zikaNkulunkulu kubantu, masazise ngeHistory Books of the Bible nokuthi zingaki.

Izincwadi Zomlando ZeBhayibheli

Okokuqala, kumelwe siqokomise ukubaluleka kweBhayibheli, elivumelana neqoqo lezincwadi ezibhekwa njengeziphefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu, ezamukelwa iSonto LamaKatolika, kodwa ligqama ngokuyinhloko ngokuba incwadi enegama elithi eziphefumulelwe nguNkulunkulu ukuze zembulwe kubo bonke abakholwayo abathembekile. Ngokwejwayelekile waziwa ngokuthi umtapo wolwazi kaNkulunkulu, lapho ungathola khona ulwazi lwezwi.

IBhayibheli lithathwa njengeqoqo leqoqo lemibhalo noma izincwadi ezihlukahlukene kakhulu phakathi kwezimfundiso, amasiko, imithetho, imifanekiso kodwa ikakhulukazi eliqokomisa kulokhu okungokomlando, ngomlando zonke izenzakalo ezihlobene nemvelaphi yabantu zingadalulwa. IsiHeberu, sikhumbula ngaso sonke isikhathi imininingwane ehlukahlukene ehlobene nesikhathi esidlule sabantu bakwa-Israyeli.

Ukugcizelela ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi izenzakalo ezilandiswa ezincwadini zomlando zeBhayibheli zihlobene ngokuqondile nabantu abakhethwe uNkulunkulu, okungabantu bamaJuda (u-Israyeli). Lapho kugqama khona amaqiniso anjengemvelaphi yesintu, umkhumbi kaNowa, izenzakalo zokuphila kuka-Abrahama, ukugqilazwa kwabantu bakwa-Israyeli eGibhithe, izindaba zeNkosi uDavide, ukuhlubuka kwabantu bakwa-Israyeli, phakathi kwabanye.

Imibhalo eminingi ehlobene nezincwadi zomlando ingatholakala etestamenteni elidala, elaziwa nangokuthi izincwadi zepenteuchal, okuyizincwadi ezinhlanu ngokuyinhloko uGenesise, u-Eksodusi, uLevitikusi, uNumeri noDuteronomi; Izincwadi zokuhlakanipha ezakhiwe ngezinye izincwadi zomlando kodwa ezithonywe izincwadi zezinkondlo noma zokuhlakanipha nazo zingaqokonyiswa. Ngokujwayelekile izikhathi ezilandisiwe zihambisana cishe nekhulu leshumi nanye phakathi kuka-1240 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu kuze kufike isikhathi sika-173 BC.

Okuqukethwe Okujwayelekile Kwezincwadi Zomlando

Izincwadi zomlando zigxile ekugqamiseni izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezishiwo eBhayibhelini, zibonisa ngaso sonke isikhathi isikhathi ezalotshwa ngaso, zigqamisa izimo ezihlukahlukene zezombangazwe, ezomnotho, zezenhlalo kanye nezaphezulu ezazizungeza abantu ngaleso sikhathi. Ukulandisa ngaso sonke isikhathi umlando wabantu bakwa-Israyeli, okubi nakakhulu ngezizwe ezingomakhelwane futhi ngisho nokugcizelela isintu.

Izincwadi zomlando zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokubonisa izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ezazihilela abantu abakhethwa uNkulunkulu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ziqokomisa ukuqala kwayo lapho kubizwa inzalamizi u-Abrahama futhi ngemva kwalokho bathuthela ezweni uNkulunkulu alithembisa inzalo yakhe, kuhlanganise nenkathi yomzabalazo. kanye nokugqilazwa kwabantu bakwa-Israyeli ukuze bangene ezweni lesethembiso nasezinkathini ezihlukahlukene zobukhosi ezweni lamaJuda ngisho nokuhlasela kwezizwe ezinjengeBhabhiloni ne-Asiriya.

Yiziphi izincwadi ezingokomlando zeBhayibheli?

IBhayibheli lakhiwe yizincwadi ezingu-39 sezizonke, ezihlukaniswe kabili, iTestamente Elidala (ngaphambi kukaKristu) kanye neTestamente Elisha (emva kukaKristu). Njengoba kuqokonyiswa ikakhulukazi eTestamenteni Elidala zonke izincwadi zomlando ezilandiswa eBhayibhelini, ezihunyushwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kuye ngezimo zenkolo, kwaziwa kahle ukuthi kunezinkolo ezihlukahlukene eziyisebenzisa njengencwadi engcwele ephefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu. Ngalesi sizathu, kubhekwa ingqikithi yezincwadi zomlando eziyishumi nambili, ezivezwa kakhulu eTestamenteni Elidala.

Izincwadi eziyishumi nambili ezichazwe njengezomlando eBhayibhelini, ziqokomisa ukuhlukaniswa kwazo ebuKristwini okulandelayo: UJoshuwa (Jos), AbaHluleli (Jue), uRuthe (Rt), 1 Samuweli (1 Sm), 2 Samuweli (2 Sm), 1 AmaKhosi ( 1 Re), 2 AmaKhosi (2 Re), 1 IziKronike (1 IziKronike), 2 IziKronike (2 IziKronike), u-Ezra (Ezd), uNehemiya (Neh) no-Esteri (Est). Kucatshangwa ukuthi ekuqaleni lezi zincwadi zazilotshwe ngolimi lwesiHeberu futhi kwezinye izimo ngesi-Aramu njengoba kwenzeka encwadini kaEzra. Kwezinye izimo, izincwadi zePentateuchal zifakwa njengezincwadi zomlando ngoba ziveza ukuqala kwesintu, kodwa ikakhulukazi eziyishumi nambili ezichazwe ngenhla ziyagqama.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iSonto LamaKatolika liye laba nokukhethwa kwezincwadi ze-apocrypha noma ezibizwa nangokuthi amavangeli e-apocrypha, kuhambelana neqoqo lemibhalo ebhaliwe eyaziwa ngemva kwamavangeli obuKristu, kwezinye izimo athathwa njengamavangeli angaqondakali ngoba okuqukethwe kwawo kubhekiselwa kuwo. Njengangaphandle kwezincwadi zeBhayibheli, ezibekwe phambi kwamaVangeli achazwe ekuqaleni eTestamenteni Elisha, ezine zalezi zincwadi zithathwa njengomlando njengoTobias, Judith, Maccabees 1 kanye noMaccabees 2.

Izindikimba Zezincwadi Zomlando ZeBhayibheli

Sazise ngezansi okuqukethwe okubonakala encwadini ngayinye yalezi zomlando ezishiwo eTestamenteni Elidala leBhayibheli:

1. Joshua (Josh)

Ihambisana nencwadi yokuqala elandiswe ngezigameko zomlando wabantu bakwa-Israyeli ekunqobeni izwe lesethembiso emva kokufa kukaMose, ithathwa njengencwadi yesithupha yeTestamente elidala, encwadini ungayibona ngeso lengqondo ukungena kwabantu Israyeli ezweni laseKhanani kodwa eholwa uJoshuwa; ekhombisa iqoqo lezehlakalo ezifana nokudlulela phambili kwabantu emfuleni iJordani, ukungqubuzana okuhlukahlukene okwalethwa izwe njengokuwa kwezindonga zaseJeriko noma izimpi zase-Ayi; Lapho izwe selinqotshiwe, ukwabiwa kwenziwa ngezingxenyana ezihlukene zezizwe eziyishumi nambili.

2. Amajaji (Thu)

Endabeni yencwadi yabaHluleli, iqala ukuchaza kusukela ngesikhathi sokufa kukaJoshuwa, bese kwethulwa iqembu labahluleli noma abaziwa nangokuthi abasindisi ukuze bakwazi ukunikeza inkululeko kubantu bakwaIsrayeli. Ngalesi sikhathi kuyavela ukuthi abantu bakwa-Israyeli babengahlelekile ngokuphelele futhi besatshiswa njalo izizwe ezingomakhelwane ukuthi zibahlasele.

3. U-Ruth (Rt)

Ihambisana nendaba egxile kwabesifazane ababili uRuthe nomamezala wakhe uNawomi, bobabili abafelokazi, lapho baphinde bathuthela ezweni lakubo kaNawomi (Israyeli) ngemva kokufa kwabantwana bakhe futhi lapho befika ezweni likaNkulunkulu baqala ukuphila ngendlela ehlukile. izehlakalo eziguqula izimpilo zabo bobabili ukuthi zibusiswe nguNkulunkulu. Isikhathi sibhekwa njengengemva kokuthunjelwa eBabiloni noma ngemva kokugcotshwa kweNkosi uDavide.

4. 1 Samuweli (1 Sam) no-2 Samuweli (2 Sam)

Ngencwadi kaSamuweli, konke okwenzeka kumprofethi wabantu owaziwa ngoSamuweli kungabonakala, emlandweni wakhe kukhulunywa ngokugcotshwa kwenkosi yokuqala yakwa-Israyeli uSawuli kodwa ngenxa yokuthi wasuka kuNkulunkulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kwavela inkosi entsha. ekhethiwe eyaziwa kakhulu emlandweni ngokuthi iNkosi uDavide yayibhekwa njengenkosi ngokusuka kwenhliziyo kaNkulunkulu. Eqokomisa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenza kukaSamuweli phakathi nokutshalwa kwabahluleli namakhosi kubantu bakwa-Israyeli.

5. 1 Amakhosi (1 Amakhosi) kanye 2 Amakhosi (2 Amakhosi)

Uhlu lozalo lweNkosi uDavide lukhuphukela esihlalweni sobukhosi futhi lumisa ukubusa luyagqanyiswa, luqala ngokuvela kweNkosi uSolomoni (indodana kaDavide), khona-ke lonke uhlu lozalo luyabhekwa futhi lubonisa imininingwane yokubusa kwabo futhi ikakhulukazi uma bahlala noNkulunkulu. enhliziyweni yakhe, lawa maqiniso agcinwa kuze kube yilapho abantu bakwa-Israyeli behlukana noJuda. Ngokunjalo, amakhosi aphuma kuzo zombili izinkathi zokubusa kwesizwe ayagqama.

6. 1 IziKronike (1 IziKronike) no-2 IziKronike (2 IziKronike)

Ngezincwadi zemilando, umfanekiso wesikhathi esidlule ungenziwa kusukela ohlwini lozalo luka-Adamu kuya eNkosini uDavide, ngalendlela kuqokonyiswa izimpande zazo zonke izizwe zakwa-Israyeli futhi ikakhulukazi ezeNkosi uDavide, zibonisa ngazo zonke izikhathi abantu abanobunye kuze kube sekupheleni. baba emzini owodwa obuswa ohlwini lozalo lukaDavide olungokwesizwe sakwaJuda.

7. Ezra (Esd)

Ngencwadi ka-Ezra, ukubuya kwabantu bakwa-Israyeli ezweni labo ngemva kokudingiswa ababengaphansi kwesifunda saseBhabhiloni nezindawo ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba kwenziwa kwaziwa, u-Ezra engumphristi waseJerusalema ophethe amaJuda ekuhlanzweni, nokubuyela kwakhe ezweni lakubo.

8. UNehemiya (Neh)

Incwadi kaNehemiya kungathiwa ibhalwe emlandweni kaNehemiya owayengowabantu bakwaJuda, owaphila ngesikhathi samaPheresiya eJudiya futhi wayengaphansi kokubusa kuka-Athaxerxes 1, ehlobene ngokuqondile nokuqiniswa kwabantu baseJerusalema lokho. lase libhidlike ngokuphelele futhi lisungula izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zenkolo nezombusazwe, konke lokhu ngosizo lwabantu bakwa-Israyeli.

9. U-Esther (Est)

Incwadi ka-Esteri igxile ekulandiseni indaba yowesifazane ongumJuda owayethunjiwe ogcina eyindlovukazi kwelinye idolobha, ngesikhathi sokubusa ababefuna ukufeza ukuqothulwa kwamaJuda kulelo zwe ngamasu abanye abeluleki, lapho iNdlovukazi Esteri ngokuhlakanipha kwaphezulu nosizo, ngingathola usizo nomusa kubantu ukuze ngivimbele ukufa kwabo.

10. UTobias

Ibhekwa njengencwadi yokuqala ye-apocrypha engokomlando, egxile kakhulu ekumemezeleni izimfundiso ezihlukahlukene zokuziphatha kodwa ngendlela engokomlando futhi ebonisa konke okuhlobene nokholo nokulandela uNkulunkulu ngenhliziyo yonke.

11. Judit

Enye yezincwadi ze-apocrypha eyamukelwa iSonto LamaKatolika kanye nokuthambekela okuthile kwamaJuda, lapho kuxoxwa khona indaba yomfelokazi ongumHeberu owaziwa ngokuthi uJudith, yonke ingqikithi yomlando yenzeka phakathi nempi nombuso wase-Asiriya kanye nokuthunjwa kwenkosi uManase nokusiza. abantu bakwa-Israyeli ukuze bakwazi ukunqoba phakathi nempi.

12. Maccabees 1 kanye Maccabees 2

Ibhekwa njengencwadi engelona iqiniso enomthwalo wemfanelo wokubonisa izingxabano nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezilethwa abantu bakaNkulunkulu futhi njengoba babehlale benosizo lwaphezulu naphezu kokushiya uNkulunkulu uMninimandla onke beshiya onkulunkulu babo njalo.

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• San Benito 
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