Ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufinyelela uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, okuvumela ukuqashelwa okukhulu nokuthuthuka, ochwepheshe kufanele bacabangele. izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe esinikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile kwayo, kulesi sihloko kunikezwe ezivelele kakhulu.
Ulwazi mayelana nezici zokukhiqiza namanye amazwe.
izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe
Uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe luhlanganisa isihloko sobukhulu obukhulu, lapho ukufundwa kochwepheshe kuyadingeka, lapho kuhlaziywa wonke umsebenzi wocwaningo ozokwenziwa, ngendlela yokuthi izihloko zingasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele futhi kungekho. ubunkimbinkimbi banoma yiluphi uhlobo; Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, ukukhethwa kwe izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe, okuyiphuzu elibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwalo futhi elisiqondisayo.
Abantu abangongoti kule ndawo basungule izinhlobo ezahlukene zezincwadi zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ngendlela yokuthi kube nezinhlobonhlobo zezinsiza zokuthuthukisa lolu hlobo locwaningo, kukhona ezaziwayo ezinconyelwa abantu abasemgwaqweni. indawo..
Ukuhwebelana ngamazwe ngamazwe
Kudingeka ukwazi ukuthi, ukuze kusetshenziswe i- izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe, okokuqala kufanele uqaphele incazelo yabo; uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kuwumsebenzi wokushintshana ngezimpahla phakathi kwamazwe ahlukene asekelwe ekusebenzeni kwezimakethe ezihlinzeka ngemisebenzi eyahlukene; ngakho-ke, ukuze lokhu kugcwaliseke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imali yamazwe ngamazwe, njengokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuze kwenziwe uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, imikhuba noma imithetho ehlukene kufanele ihambisane naleyo esungulwe yizinhlangano ezifanayo ezibamba iqhaza; ukuze imisebenzi yenziwe yibona, amaphuzu amisiwe kufanele agcwaliseke ukuze kube nenzuzo kubo bobabili, ngale ndlela ibhizinisi labo liyathuthuka futhi lithuthuke ngokushesha.
Ngakho-ke, imiqondo ngayinye eyisisekelo ethulwa endaweni ingatholakala ezincwadini zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokuhlukahluka, imithethonqubo engatholakala kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi; maningi atuswa abantu abasendaweni, ngezansi abagqame kakhulu.
Amasiko kanye nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe
Umbhali wale ncwadi ngu-Miguel Cabello Pérez, kuyo kugcinwa yonke idatha ebhekisela ezinqubweni zenkambiso ezithengiswayo ezenziwa yi-European Union nomhlaba wonke; kucatshangelwa izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nohlobo lwe-dynamics ekhethiwe ukwenza umsebenzi, ngendlela yokuthi kube nokwenzeka ukuzuza ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke.
Njengengxenye ye- izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe, lokhu kuveza izici ze-methodical lapho amaphuzu angokoqobo abalulekile futhi awusizo kubantu abasendaweni engacatshangelwa, kuzona kuzokwazi ukuqinisa umsebenzi abawenzayo futhi kuvunyelwe indawo yezohwebo ukuthi ibe nokuqhubekayo. nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Ukuphathwa Kwezohwebo Zangaphandle kwenkampani
Enye ye izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe okuphelele kakhulu, kusezingeni eliphezulu lokuncoma, okwenziwa ababhali: u-Isabel González López, u-Ana Isabel Martínez Senra, uMaría del Carmen Otero Neira no-Encarnación González Vázquez; Baphethe ukwethula ngendlela elula nechazayo zonke izici okumele amabhizinisi azisebenzise emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ivumela ukuqondwa kwayo yonke imiqondo ethulwa ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukubaluleka kwalolu hlobo lomsebenzi kubonakala nokuthi luvumela kanjani intuthuko emhlabeni wonke; Igqamisa izinhlelo zokuthekelisa kanye nokungenisa ezweni kumasiko achazwe emisebenzini ehlukene ukuze kuqondwe kangcono.
Zonke izici ezethulwe kule ncwadi zabelwana ngazo nezomthetho, ezobuchwepheshe, ezisebenzayo ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje, ukuze zivumele ukuthola imiphumela ephumelelayo nesheshayo, inqobo nje uma yenziwa ngendlela efanele.
Incwadi Yezokuthutha Yohwebo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe
Kwenziwe nguCristina Peña Andrés, njengomunye walaba izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe Okubaluleke kakhulu endaweni, indawo yokuthutha yokwenza lo msebenzi iyagqanyiswa; Ukubuyekezwa kwayo yonke incazelo yezokuthutha okudingekayo ukuze kuhambisane nezimpahla zakwamanye amazwe kuvezwa, ngendlela yokuthi yazi izimo ezixhumanisa iziteshi zokusabalalisa imikhiqizo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalo msebenzi kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe futhi izibonelo zabiwe ukuze sikuqonde ngokushesha, ngendlela yokuthi imikhuba noma izithombe zingabonwa njengokwesekwa kokusebenza, lolu wuhlu olubanzi lolwazi oludingekayo ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe ukuze kungenzeka ukuba kucatshangelwe ukubala zonke izakhi iqhaza umsebenzi.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lokhu kungenye ye izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe okubaluleke kakhulu endaweni, ngendlela eyethulwe ngayo njengemfuneko eyisibopho kubo bonke abantu abasekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwalo msebenzi, ibeka kuqala ezokuthutha zangaphakathi.
Kuye kwagqanyiswa ukuthi kunezinketho zokuthutha eziningi zokufeza ukukhiqizwa namanye amazwe; Ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe kudinga ukusebenza kahle, ngakho-ke izinketho ezikhona kufanele zifundwe, phakathi kwazo sincoma ukufunda mayelana izinzuzo kanye nebubi bempahla olwandle.
Ukuxhaswa ngemali kwamazwe ngamazwe kwenkampani
Isici esibalulekile kulo msebenzi ukuhwebelana kwemakethe yembulunga yonke, ababhali uJosé de Jaime Eslava kanye noDiego Gómez Cáceres bethule enye yezincwadi. izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe okuhlobene kakhulu, sibonga iqiniso lokuthi baye basekela lonke ulwazi amabhizinisi akhona njengamanje ukuze atshale izimali futhi azivumele ukuthi zifinyelele izimakethe ezintsha futhi zenze impumelelo yazo ibe khona.
I-International Financing yenkampani yethulwa njengolwazi okulula kakhulu ukulufunda nokuluqonda, lugqamisa zonke izici zokuqoqwa, izinkokhelo, izindlela zohwebo, izicelo zokuphatha, ukulawula okufanele kube nakho izinkampani ukuze isenzo sazo sibe sezingeni eliphezulu nokunye okuningi. .
Umuntu owenza ukufunda le ncwadi uzokwazi ukubamba yonke imininingwane yezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe futhi akhuphule izinga labo kwezezimali, ngoba ikhulisa ulwazi lwabo ngendlela efanele futhi ivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe kalula; Kulokhu kungenzeka ukufinyelela izindawo ezintsha ekuthuthukisweni.
I-100 Imibhalo Yohwebo Lwangaphandle
Enye ye izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe libonakala ngokuthi lisekelwe emisebenzini eyenziwayo ukuze kuqondwe umfundi; Lena enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuchaza yonke imininingwane yemisebenzi eyenziwa ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwento ngayinye.
U-Albert García Trius, wenza imibhalo eyi-100 yohwebo lwangaphandle, njengento efundisayo; Kubo kungenzeka ukuthola ulwazi ngendlela okufanele kuthuthukiswe ngayo ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla, ukushintshana kwabo namanye amazwe, wonke amaphuzu angokomthetho kanye nezingozi okufanele zicatshangelwe kulolu hlobo lokusebenza.
Zethulwa njengeziqondiso ezisebenzayo ukuze ukuhlelwa kohwebo kwenziwe ngendlela efanele, ukusekelwa kwamamodeli, izinkomba, ukusebenza nokunye kuvezwa.
Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wezinkontileka zamazwe ngamazwe
Umbhali u-Alfonso Ortega Giménez wethula umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wezinkontileka zamazwe ngamazwe, okuwukwaziswa okubonisa ingxenye ngayinye yezinto zomhlaba ezidingekayo emsebenzini; Lonke ulwazi olunikeziwe luningi, luphelele, luhlanganisa amaphuzu amaningi awusizo ngokusetshenziswa kwawo ngokushesha kanye nokuthola imiphumela ephumelelayo.
Indlela amaphuzu okumele ahlaziywe ngayo iyavezwa, kanye nemisebenzi yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe edinga ukusetshenziswa okuthile; Esinye sezici okufanele zicatshangelwe ukunwetshwa kohwebo, okuthonya wonke amaphuzu ahlobene nokukhiqiza, yingakho isisombululo sinikezwa kulolu hlobo lwesimo.
Esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani kwethulwe njengesinye se izincwadi zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi abantu kufanele bacabangele intuthuko endaweni, kungenxa yokulula kwayo ukuchaza ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yezinombolo evumela umfundi ukuba aqonde zonke izici ezicatshangelwa kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Ukuhwebelana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe
Inikeza ngendlela ye-didactic yonke imisebenzi okufanele yenziwe ekukhiqizeni ngaphandle, igqamisa lezo zokuthengiselana, ububanzi obuvezwa kulolu hlobo lokusebenza kuze kube manje; Kulokhu, kunikezwa umbono obanzi ocabangela ngayinye yezici zezentengiselwano zemakethe, kanye nobudlelwano bayo obuqondile nokuthuthuka kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucabangela inhlangano ngayinye engakwazi ukubamba iqhaza kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi, yiziphi izimiso ezibuswayo, imithetho yezohwebo emisiwe, ububanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izindawo zemakethe emhlabeni jikelele, ngendlela yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wamasiko kungenziwa ngendlela efanele, kucatshangelwa izici zokuqoqwa, ukukhokha, ukuhwebelana nokunye.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ngalolu hlobo lomsebenzi, zonke izici ezihlobene nalo futhi unikeze kusengaphambili ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, kunconywa ukuthi ufunde mayelana izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
