Impi yaseThermopylae kanye namaSpartans angama-300 aseLeonidas

I-Battle of Thermopylae enye yezimpi ezidume kakhulu namuhla zomhlaba we-classical. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-cinema ibambisene kuyo, kodwa kungani ithakazelisa kangaka?

Lena akuyona impi, kodwa Indaba lapho idlanzana lamadoda labamba ibutho eliphakeme kakhulu izinsuku ezintathu ukuze lisindise iGrisi.

Isimo ngaphambi kweMpi yaseThermopylae

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka VI BC sisesikhathini lapho uMbuso WasePheresiya wawuhlanganisa indawo ebanzi kakhulu: izifunda eziphakathi koLwandle i-Aegean noMfula i-Indus, kanye neGibhithe Elisenhla noLwandle i-Aran.

Kwaqala ukuhlubuka kwe-Ionian, lapho imizi yamaGreki yase-Asia Minor ivukela igunya leNkosi uDariyu. indodana yakhe inkosi U-Xerxes unquma ukuphindiselela uyise futhi aqhubekele e-Athene entwasahlobo ka-480 BC. C. nebutho elikhulu kunawo wonke ihlanganiswe kuze kube manje futhi ngemikhumbi ehlaba umxhwele.

Nini izindaba zifinyelela kwasparta, uLeonidas, enye yamakhosi abo, unquma ukunikela ngokuphila kwakhe nokwamadoda akhe bamba ibutho elihlaselayo endaweni ye-Thermopylae, indawo yokungena kwemvelo eGrisi.

Isinqumo sabaseSpartan esiqala impi yaseThermopylae

Imizi yamaGreki eyanquma ukubhekana nebutho likaXerxes, yahlangana ethempelini likaPoseidon eKorinte futhi yenza isifungo esasiyoba isiqalo salokho okwakuzokwaziwa ngokuthi I-Hellenic League. Kwakubonakala kunengqondo ukulinda amaPheresiya kwenye yezintaba okwakumelwe bakhuphuke futhi ngaleyo ndlela bakwazi ukubhekana nabo nethuba elithile lokunqoba.

Wayala kanje uLeonidas, nokho wazithola ebhekene nesithiyo. Amadolobha ayengafuni ukuphazamisa imikhosi yenyama enikelwe kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo Carneo, ngakho babengeke bahlanganyele. Inkosi yaseSpartan, okungenani, yakwazi ukuthola a isikhathi esikhethekile sokuthatha umlindi wakhe kanye naye: amadoda angama-300.

Kuthiwa i U-Oracle waseDelphi waprofetha ukuthi enye yamakhosi aseSparta kwakuyodingeka ife uma ifuna ukuvimbela amaPheresiya ukuba athathe indawo.. Ngemva kwalokho, uLeonidas waqinisekisa ukuthi nguye onelungelo lokuba yinkosi ekhethiwe. Wayezimisele: yena namadoda angamakhulu amathathu ayekanye naye babezobhekana nabo.

Inhlangano yokumelana

Lapho sihlaziya izindawo uXerxes nebutho lakhe okwakumelwe bawele kuzo, kwabonakala lokho indawo efanelekile kakhulu yokubhekana namaPheresiya kungaba indlela yeThermopylae. Indawo eyakhiwe umhosha ongamamitha angaba ngu-1300 nobubanzi obuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-15 no-20. okungaba inzuzo lapho ubhekene nebutho elikhulu. Ngakho ibutho elihlaselayo alikwazanga ukusabalala.

Kulesi simo esizuzisayo, kufanele kwengezwe lokho kwakukhona iwa kwelinye uhlangothi nentaba enkulu ngakolunye, okwakuzosiza ukuvimbela umqaphi wangemuva ukuba angafinyelelwa. lebutho likaLeonidas ukuze libaqamekele.

Lapho icebo seliqanjiwe, kwasala ukuqoqa amadoda angama-300 ayezophelezela uLeonidas ekufuneni inkazimulo yaphakade.

Ukhetho lwamadoda angama-300

I-Spartan Kings Guard Lalihlanganisa amadoda angu-300 akhethwe ngokucophelela, asukela ngeminyaka yobudala Abaneminyaka engu-20 no-29 ubudala futhi kwadingeka babonise ukubaluleka kwabo emqhudelwaneni oshubiletion. Kwakudingeka babe nesibindi, babonise ikhono elihle ngezikhali futhi babe namandla.

Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, abangu-300 ababezobamba iqhaza empini yase-Thermopylae babenesici esisodwa ngaphezulu: babeqaphela ukuthi babengeke banqobe futhi babezoya ekufeni kwabo. Kusukela esemncane, abantu baseSparta bafundiswa ukuthi ayikho into eyihlazo njengokubhekwa njengegwala nokuthi kwakungenzeka uma ubuya uphila empini elahlekile. Abasinde ezimpini ezilahlekile baqokwa futhi balahlwa ukuphila kwabo konke.

Ngoba leli butho lalisendleleni eya ekufeni, uLeonidas Wakhetha kuphela lawo madoda ayenomntwana wesilisa okungenani oyedwa ukuze aqhubekisele phambili uhlu lozalo lwawo.

Ibheke empini yaseThermopylae

Ephelezelwa ama-perioec angu-1.000 kanye nama-helot angamasosha angu-1.000, u-Leonidas namadoda akhe baqala imashi. Okokuqala bawela i-Peloponnese lapho amanye amaqhawe angu-4.000 ajoyina futhi kancane kancane ekuqhubekeleni kwawo e-Thermopylae amanye amadoda angu-2.000 ayezojoyina. Sekukonke, inani lamadoda angaba ngu-7.000 200.000 ahamba noLeonidas okwadingeka abhekane nebutho elicishe libe ngu-XNUMX. Kwakungeke kube umsebenzi olula.

Lapho befika eThermopylae, bamisa amatende ukuze balinde amabutho kaXerxes. besalinde inkosi UXerxes wathumela umyalezo kuLeonidas ethi akanikele ngezikhali zakhe. ULeonidas wamtshela ukuthi abahambe..

Impi iyaqala

U-Xerxes waqala ngokusungula amabutho kumaGreki futhi Kwabonakala ukuthi abaseSparta babengeke bazinikele kalula. Amadoda ka-Xerxes awile athathelwa indawo abanye nabanye. Kulokhu kwakubonakala ukuthi inkosi yayinamasosha amaningi kodwa ambalwa kuwo kwakungamasosha aqeqeshwe kahle njengalabo ababehamba noLeonidas.

Ekugcineni, kwakuyoba umqaphi weNkosi u-Xerxes “abangasekho” ababezoza empini. Ubude obukhulu bemikhonto yamaGreki bungabanikeza inzuzo. Ekhathele ngenxa yempi yezwe, u-Xerxes wayala abase-Athene nama-Aeginetan ukuba bahlasele iCape Artemisius ngenhloso yokwehla ngemuva kwamaGreki.

Kwathi ngaphambi nje kokuqala kwempi, Imikhumbi ka-Xerxes yayisilimale kakhulu isiphepho futhi babengakakulungeli ukwenza lokho kuhlasela, yikho okwaholela empini ngaphandle komnqobi ocacile.

Ngaso leso sikhathi usuku lwesibili lokulwa lwaphela.

Usuku lokugcina lweMpi yaseThermopylae

Lapho uXerxes wayesephelelwe yithemba, isakhamuzi sasikhaphela abantu baso futhi sitshele inkosi ukuthi ivimbezele kanjani ibutho ka Leonidas.

Ikubona lokhu inkosi ULeonidas wadalula kuwo wonke amadoda ayengaphansi kwesandla sakhe ukuthi ayezoshabalala ngokushesha nokuthi akekho owayebophekile ukuba ahlale lapho ukuze alinde lelokusasa. Kukhona abacabanga ukuthi lesi sinqumo sizophinde sibe yisu elizovumela la madoda ukuthi alungiselele impi ezayo emadolobheni awo ukuze awavikele.

Kanye nenkosi yaseSpartan amadoda akhe angama-3 ayezosala, okungenani labo ababesaphila, ababebaningi, nabo babeyosala ama-helots, ama-periecos nama-boeotian warriors. 

Kwakusekuseni ngosuku lwesithathu lwempi eThermopylae.

UHerodotus, umlobi wemilando ongumGreki, usitshela ukuthi kanjani Lapho lomzuzu ufika futhi bazithola sebezungezwe ibutho likaXerxes, amadoda kaLeonidas adonsa wonke amandla ayesele. Noma imikhonto yabo iphukile, baqhubeka belwa ngezinkemba zabo. Ekushiseni kwempi uLeonidas wayezowa.

Ngaleso sikhathi impi yashintsha, okuhlosiwe kwakuwumzimba wenkosi. AmaGreki akwazi ukuhlehlisa amabutho kaXerxes izikhathi ezine ukuze awavimbe ekumthatheni.

Lapho kungekho neyodwa indoda kaLeonidas eyayisele imile, uXerxes wehlela enkundleni yempi. futhi wayala ukuba kunqunywe ikhanda likaLeonidas ukuze alibeke othini olubethelwe.

Ngemuva kwempi yaseThermopylae.

Iqembu lamaSpartan laya eThermopylae lapho amasosha asePheresiya esehambile futhi Banquma ukungcwaba izinsalela zikaLeonidas khona lapho. 

Ngemuva kwesikhathi, amathambo akhe ayezodluliselwa edolobheni lakhe ukuze ahloniphe uLeonidas ngomngcwabo wombuso. Kwabekwa itshe phezu kwethuna negama lakhe nelamadoda akhe angu-300.

ULeonidas wayezokhonzwa njengeqhawe elinamandla, owalwa leyo mpi ekhuthazayo futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngemva konyaka, babeyowaqeda ngokuphelele amaPheresiya emazweni aseGreece.