Unesithakazelo kusiko lamaMaya, kulesi sihloko sizokunikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokuthi ungubani uNkulunkulu wamaMaya Izamna, umdali nomsunguli wesiko lamaMayan, engumqambi oyinhloko womklamo wezimiso nemithetho le mpucuko ebalulekile elawulwa ngayo. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke mayelana nalesi sibalo esikhulu sokhokho.
UNkulunkulu kaMayan Itzamna
Eyaziwa kusukela ekuqaleni njengompristi wamaMaya owafika kubantu baseChanes of Bacalar, kamuva ababizwa ngokuthi ama-Itzáes futhi ngonyaka ka-525 AD, basungula idolobha laseChichen Itza. Lokhu kwenzeka kulokho abakubiza ngokuthi ukwehla kokuqala. noma umthambeka omncane ongasempumalanga.
Edolobheni laseChichen Itza, ama-chanes aqala ukubeka izisekelo zombuso wawo, futhi yilapho u-Itzamna aqala khona ukufundisa ifilosofi yemfundiso yakhe kusukela wayeyindoda ehlakaniphile eqamba amagama ezindawo nezindawo, ngaphezu kwalokho. izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zamaMaya, namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi idolobha laseYucatan.
Ngakho konke ukuhlakanipha u-Itzamna ayenakho, waqala ukusungula izimpawu zokuqala okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zaba yizinhlamvu zomdabu zedolobha, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umpristi u-Itzamna wathola igama elithi lakin chan okwakusho ngolimi lwesiMayan “Umpristi ovela empumalanga”
Unkulunkulu u-Itzamna ubaluleke kakhulu esikweni lamaMaya kwazise uyena owandulela leli siko kwazise uyena owaqala ukwakha isitayela nefilosofi yalo selokhu afika edolobheni laseChichen Itza ngesikhathi libunjwa futhi lihlelwa.
Umsuka kaNkulunkulu wamaMaya
Ukuze sazi imvelaphi kankulunkulu wamaMaya u-Itzamna, kumelwe kucatshangelwe ukuthi wayebhekwa njengendodana kaHunab Ku, okuwukuphela kukankulunkulu, okuthiwa unamandla emithi kodwa nangaphezu kwezolimo futhi u-Itzamna eyindodana yakhe wayenemvume yokwelapha. esikhundleni sakhe futhi asebenzise imisebenzi yakhe njengoNkulunkulu oyinhloko wamaMaya, ngaphezu kokusiza nokusiza abantu baseMeya.
Ngokufanayo, unkulunkulu wamaMaya u-Itzamna wayekhona ekudalweni nasekusekelweni kwabantu baseMaya futhi wathatha isikhundla sikankulunkulu wamaMaya oyinhloko, wathatha isikhundla njengomholi wobunkulunkulu baseMayan futhi engumlando wabantu, njengomyeni kankulunkulukazi u-Ixchel. kanye noyise kaBhakabhi.
Lapho kwenziwa samuntu sikankulunkulu wamaMaya u-Itzamna uvezwa eyisidalwa esidala kakhulu esinomhlathi omkhulu kodwa akasenawo amazinyo futhi izihlathi zicwile impela.
I-hieroglyph eyenziwe emfanekisweni wakhe yenziwe ngekhanda nenye ingxenye into yayo eyinhloko iwuphawu losuku olwaziwa ngokuthi i-Ahuac. Uphawu losuku lusho ukuba yinkosi kodwa ngemisebenzi yombusi noma inkosi.
Nakuba ingxenye ye-hieroglyph ebhekisela ekufaneni kwakhe isitshela ukuthi usungula isikhundla sakhe njengonkulunkulu oholayo esikweni lamaMaya, engumvikeli wama-Ahuac futhi lokhu kwamnika amandla okuba obaluleke kakhulu ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amabili zamaMeya.
Emlandweni kaNkulunkulu wamaMaya u-Itzamna kuthiwa ngenxa yokuhlakanipha kwakhe wasungula izincwadi nokubhala, ngendlela efanayo ayinika abantu baseMayan elisedolobheni laseYucatan ikakhulukazi enhlonhlweni yalo. Ukuhlukana komhlaba.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inkolo kankulunkulu u-Itzamna ayenzeki enhlonhlweni yaseYucatan, ngoba inkolo yakhe yalethwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zezifunda zaseMesoamerican, njengoba kuqinisekiswe abavubukuli abahlukene abaye bathola lezi zibonakaliso. Nokho, kuthiwa inkolo yakhe yalethwa ePetén.
Njengoba unkulunkulu u-Itzamna enemvelaphi kusukela ekuqaleni kwesiko lamaMeya, ubelokhu engumholi wezithixo ezihlukene zamaMaya, futhi njengenhloko eyinhloko ye-pantheon.
Njengoba engumdali wezincwadi nokubhala, ubuye atuswe ngokudala ezolimo kanye nendalo yabantu enjengamakhalenda, ngendlela efanayo utuswa ngayo ukuthi nguye owadala imithetho nezimiso ezilandelwa abantu baseMeya futhi abaqhubekayo nokuqondisa kwakhe njengamanje. ikusasa njengonkulunkulu obusayo wempucuko yamaMayan.
UnguNkulunkulu Wokuhlakanipha
Njengoba efanekisela inyoni esibhakabhakeni kanye nenyoka emhlabeni, ubhekwa njengoNkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha kwamaMaya, ungumdali omkhulu wesayensi nomqambi wokuhlakanipha, ubuye ahumushe ubuchopho bomuntu ngezincwadi zokuhlakanipha noma isayensi ku ifomu layo elivamile lokhu kuhlanganisa isethi yezindlela kanye nezicelo kuzo zonke izakhi zayo.
Isiko lamaMaya libiza unkulunkulu wamaMaya njengoyise wokuhlakanipha, njengoba enekhono lokuthola izinto ezintsha njengamadoda, yingakho unkulunkulu wama-Itzamna ebonakala njengamazolo emafini nasesibhakabhakeni.
Ngendlela efanayo, kwakuwumthombo wamanzi angcwele ukuthi abantu baseMeya bathatha amaqabunga ezitshalo ezahlukene ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza amasiko nemikhosi. Yingakho ixhunywe nesihlahla somhlaba, okuyindawo eyinhloko ehlanganisa umhlaba nesibhakabhaka ngesikhathi esifanayo nomhlaba wangaphansi.
Njengoba engunkulunkulu wesibhakabhaka, kwathiwa futhi unamandla ahlobene nenyanga, ilanga, umoya ngisho nezinto ezilandelanayo. Ngale ndlela unkulunkulu u-Itzamna kuthiwa ubizwa ngokuthi uyise wabo bonke onkulunkulu ngoba amandla nokuhlakanipha kwakhe kwakuhlotshaniswa nezilwane ezihlukahlukene njengezitshalo nezilwane okwakuyingwenya, ukhokho, ummbila, inqe noma i-ceiba. ukuthi wayefundise abantu indlela yokulima lezi zitshalo.
Amandla Izamna
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isiko lamaMaya lamyisa enganekwaneni, ngale ndlela u-Itzamna wayeyingxenye yamandla ambalwa aphakeme, ngoba wayengumyeni kankulunkulukazi u-IX CHEL noma owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi u-O. Ndawonye babengabazali abanye.onkulunkulu besiko lamaMaya, ngale ndlela ngolimi lwesiMayan igama elithi Itzamna lisho ingwenya, noma isibankwa, abanye abacwaningi nabo bayaqinisekisa ukuthi lingahunyushwa ngokuthi inhlanzi enkulu.
Kodwa engxenyeni ethi "Itz" yegama layo ingahunyushwa ngesiSpanishi njenge "Amazolo" noma "izinto emafwini kodwa ngolimi lwesiQuechua lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukubhula noma ukuthakatha kodwa ekuthuthukisweni ukuthi ulimi lwalunalo enkathini yamakholoni aseYucatecan kusho ukuthi "kungabikezelwa noma kucatshangwe"
Izici zikaNkulunkulu wamaMaya
Njengoba sekushiwo, unkulunkulu u-Itzamna kuthiwa nguye owasungula umbhalo wamaMaya, kodwa futhi waziwa ngokusungulwa kwesayensi, yingakho evezwa njengomuntu omdala kakhulu, enobuholi obathonya abantu baseMayan bakhe. Igama layo landulelwa uphawu lwe-Akbal, uhlobo lophawu oluhlotshaniswa nobumnyama nobusuku.
Kodwa ngendlela efanayo ihlangene noma ihlotshaniswa nenyanga, njengoba uNkulunkulu u-Itzamna ebhekwa njengonkulunkulu ababili, ngoba uhlanganisa isibhakabhaka nomhlaba, nokuphila nokufa, owesilisa nowesifazane, ubumnyama nokukhanya.
Emasangweni angaphansi komhlaba kuhlotshaniswa nokuzalwa nokufa, kanye nokuhlotshaniswa nommbila. Edolobheni laseYucatan ngesikhathi se-Postclassic, unkulunkulu u-Itzamna wayekhonzwa njengonkulunkulu wezokwelapha njengoba kwakukhona izifo ezihlotshaniswa nesimo sakhe, njengokubandayo, isifuba somoya kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula.
UNkulunkulu u-Itzamna wayebuye axhunywe nesihlahla esingcwele sasemhlabeni esaziwa ngokuthi i-ceiba, okuwukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba, ngaphezu komhlaba nomhlaba ongaphansi owaziwa ngokuthi i-Xibalba.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko mayelana nonkulunkulu u-Itzamna sibalulekile, ngikumema ukuthi uvakashele izixhumanisi ezilandelayo:
- Izinganekwane zamaMayan
- Umdwebo wamaMayan
- Izimpawu Maya