Uyazi ukuthi kuyini futhi kanjani? tshala emanzini? Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ukwenze ngendlela efanele kanye nezinzuzo zako.
tshala emanzini
Nsuku zonke, imakethe yamasheya ihamba njalo, izinkulungwane zabantu zithenga futhi zithengise imikhiqizo nsuku zonke zihola njalo futhi zilahlekelwa imali. Emakethe yamasheya ungathenga futhi udayise inani elikhulu lezinto, kusukela kumasheya ezinkampani eziqashelwa njenge-Netflix, kuya ezikhwameni zokutshala izimali zamaqembu amakhulu ezinkampani, noma kunjalo, enye yemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu ehamba emakethe yamasheya yimpahla. .
Izimpahla yizo zonke lezo zimpahla ezihloselwe ukusetshenziselwa ukuhweba, ziyisisekelo futhi eminye imikhiqizo yemakethe yenziwa ngayo, okungukuthi, iyimpahla yokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zimpahla eziyisisekelo zinesici esikhethekile sokungabi nenani elingeziwe, ngokuvamile azicutshungulwa futhi zinekhwalithi efanayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla, phakathi kwazo kukhona lezo zemvelo yamandla, izinsimbi zezimboni, ezolimo namandla. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zigaba, ezinye zezinto ezithandwa kakhulu ukolweni, ummbila, uwoyela noma igesi, nokho, kukhona insiza, nayo eyisisekelo esihle, ekhona ekwenzeni cishe noma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo emakethe, Amanzi.
Amanzi, umcebo owuketshezi
Amanzi, kanye nomoya-mpilo, angenye yezinsiza ezibaluleke kakhulu hhayi nje ezimpilweni zethu kodwa nasekusindeni komhlaba wonke. Amanzi ayadingeka empilweni yomuntu, umuntu ojwayelekile uphuza amanzi angaba ngu-3.8 cubic metres ngenyanga futhi usebenzisa amalitha angaba ngu-2500 kuya ku-5000 ngonyaka.
Amanzi ayadingeka ngokufanayo ukuze zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ziphile emhlabeni. Zonke izitshalo zidinga amanzi ukuze ziphile, ezinye ngaphezu kwezinye, kodwa zonke zidinga amanzi.Eqinisweni, amanzi angenye yemithombo ewusizo kakhulu futhi enethonya ekuphileni emhlabeni.
Ngakho-ke, amanzi asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni cishe noma yimuphi umkhiqizo emakethe. Kusukela e-apula esihlahleni kuya ekukhiqizweni kwe-steak, amanzi akhona yonke indawo; Isibonelo salokhu siyabonakala lapho kuhlaziywa ukuthi ukuze kukhiqizwe iwolintshi, kudingeka amalitha angu-50 amanzi, amalitha angu-650 amanzi amagremu angu-500 esinkwa, amalitha angu-2500 500 amagremu angu-4500 kashizi namalitha angu-300 XNUMX ngamagremu angu-XNUMX enyama yenkomo.
Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali emanzini kuwukutshala komunye wemikhiqizo esetshenziswa kakhulu kuyo yonke imakethe. Amanzi ayinketho yokutshala imali yesikhathi eside enenzuzo enhle kubantu, nokho, abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka.
Inkinga yamanzi emhlabeni
Umhlaba ugcwele amanzi angama-75% kuphela, okungasishiya nombono wokuthi empeleni amanzi angeke abe nenani ngenani lawo elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokubeka ingilazi yokukhulisa kulawa magugu singaqaphela ukuthi, kuleli nani lamanzi emhlabeni, ama-97.5% anosawoti futhi angu-2.5% kuphela amanzi ahlanzekile, afanele ukusetshenziswa komuntu.
Uma sibheka ngokujulile lesi sibalo siyabona ukuthi isibalo sehle kakhulu. Kulokhu 2.5% wamanzi ahlanzekile, u-70% uvela eqhweni ezigxotsheni kanti u-29% usesimweni samanzi angaphansi komhlaba; i-1% kuphela yala manzi ahlanzekile atholakala phezulu futhi azibonakalisa emachibini noma emifuleni.
Ukuthatha la 1% wamanzi ahlanzekile atholakala phezulu njengengqikithi, ama-70% alawa asetshenziselwa ukunisela amasimu ezolimo kanti amaphesenti angu-20 ala manzi asetshenziswa ezimbonini ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ezimakethe. Ekugcineni, u-10% osele utholakala ezindlini zethu njengoba usetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa ekhaya.
Ngenxa yalokhu okushiwo ngenhla, kuyabonakala ukuthi ngokwawo amanzi asetshenziswa abantu ancipha kakhulu uma siwaqhathanisa namanzi angafanelekile ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, amanzi okuphuza asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo nawo ayivelakancane kakhulu, okwenza kube enye yezimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu emakethe yamasheya.
I-International Food Policy Research Institute iveze ngokushaqisayo ukuthi eminyakeni eyi-15 ezayo igebe phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo samanzi okuphuza lizokhuphuka lifinyelele ku-40% isiyonke emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokufanayo, i-Bank of America ibike ukuthi izinsizakalo zengqalasizinda yamanzi emhlabeni wonke zizokwenyuka phakathi kuka-5% kanye nesamba esingama-8% ngonyaka.
Cabangela ukutshala imali Emanzini
Uma sibheka inkinga yamanje yomhlaba wonke yamanzi, sibona ngokushesha ukuthi esikhathini esizayo isidingo samanzi sizokhuphuka futhi ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kuzoncipha. Akumangazi ukuthi ngenkinga yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke futhi ngenxa yemisebenzi ethile yomuntu, kukhona amanzi amancane afanele ukusetshenziswa komuntu, ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali emanzini kusho ukutshala imali entweni ezoba nenani elikhulu nsuku zonke.
Umuntu akakwazi ukutshala emanzini uqobo, kunjalo endabeni yezimpahla ezifana ukotini, igolide noma uwoyela. Ukutshala imali emanzini akusho ngempela ukuthenga amalungelo echibini noma emfuleni njengoba, njengoba kwenzeka emazweni amaningana anjengeShayina kanye nawo wonke akha iLatin America, amanzi angaphansi koMbuso.
Ngokunjalo nakuba kungajwayelekile kodwa ezindaweni ezithile abantu bathenga izimali zemifula eziqashisa ngezinkampani amanzi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunanzuzo kakhulu ngoba amanani avame ukuhluka kakhulu kuye ngenkathi eyomile noma yemvula; ukutshala imali emanzini kusho ukutshala imali enkampanini eyodwa noma ezimbalwa ezisebenza futhi eziphethe lo mthombo obalulekile.
Ezweni lezimboni kunezinkampani ezisebenza ngokuhlinzekwa, ukuhlanzwa noma ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, ngokufaka imali emanzini empeleni utshala kulezi zinkampani. Uma inani lamanzi likhuphuka, lezi zinkampani zizokhuphuka inani kanjalo nemali oyitshalile kuzona.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukutshala imali emanzini kuyisinyathelo esibheke phambili, into engaklomelisa iphothifoliyo yakho eminyakeni embalwa.
Ukutshala imali emanzini kusho umholo ongenzi lutho
Amanzi, naphezu kokuba enye yezimpahla eziphuma phambili, ayinsiza eyisisekelo ehluke kakhulu kwezinye. Nakuba izinto ezinjengombila noma okusanhlamvu zithengwa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi zidayiswa esitokofeleni, amanzi aziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu esitokofeleni.
Inqubo yokuthenga nokudayisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqagela futhi yenziwa ngenjongo yokukhiqiza inzuzo yesikhashana ngenxa yomehluko ekuthengisweni. Umuntu owenza lokhu akanandaba nokugcina inani, kodwa ngokulithengisa nokwenza inzuzo ngokuthengisa.Emakethe yezimpahla, abaqageli bathenga futhi bathengise ngalezi zimpahla eziyisisekelo noma izinto zokusetshenziswa.
Endabeni yamanzi, akunakwenzeka ukuqagela ngawo ngoba awukho umkhiqizo osuselwe kuwo ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke, awukwazi ukutshala imali emanzini. ngamunye. Nokho, kungenzeka ukwenza inzuzo, hhayi ngokuqagela kodwa ngokutshalwa kwezimali.
Abatshalizimali, ngokungafani nabaqageli, bafuna ukuthenga izibambiso noma amasheya futhi bawabambe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Laba bantu ngokuvamile babona amaholo abo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokwazisa amasheya abo kanye nokukhokhwa kwezabelo zabo, ngakho-ke imali engenayo etholwayo iwukutholwa.
Uma ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi iyini imali engenayo, sikumema ukuthi uvakashele lesi sihloko esilandelayo ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe: I-Passive Income Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuyikhiqiza!.
Indlela yokutshala imali emanzini?
Kungenzeka ukutshala imali endaweni yamanzi ngokubheka ikusasa nokuvimbela ukubuyekezwa kwalesi sisetshenziswa esiyigugu nesiwusizo. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko esingatshala ngazo emakethe lokhu okuhle okuyisisekelo futhi kulesi sihloko sizokuchazela zona.
Lezi zindlela zokutshala imali emanzini ukutshala imali ngama-ETF, ukutshala amasheya ezinkampani ezisebenza ngqo ngamanzi, kanye nokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi wokuthola imali. Ngayinye yalezi zimali ezitshaliwe inezici zayo kanye nezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.
Ukutshala Ezinkampanini Ngamasheya
Ukutshala imali esitokweni kusho ukuthenga ingxenye encane yenkampani, nakuba ihlukile kancane kunobhasikidi wamasheya, kuyindlela eqondile nesebenzayo yokutshala imali. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ngokuthenga amasheya enkampani ngokuvamile kuyingozi ngoba sithenga ingxenye yenkampani eyodwa kuphela, ngakho inani lokutshalwa kwezimali lincike ekuthuthukisweni noma ekuncipheni kwayo.
Emkhakheni wezamanzi kunezinkampani ezingamakhulu ezibhekele ukuhlanzwa, ikhwalithi, ukukhiqizwa kwengqalasizinda, ukuhlinzeka nokuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Lezi zinkampani zisebenza kuwo wonke amazwe ahlukene zinikeza lezi zinsizakalo zilawula insiza ebalulekile.
Ukwazi ukuthi ungatshala kanjani enye yezinkampani eziningi zamanzi ezikhona emhlabeni, kuyadingeka ukuqaphela izici zezwe kanye namathuba okukhula kwezinkampani ezweni. Kudingeka ukucabangela lawo mazwe lapho kunesabelomali esidingekayo sokwenza umsebenzi wokwakha ingqalasizinda edingekayo noma, ngendlela efanayo, kuyodingeka ukuhlola lawo mazwe okulindeleke ukuthi azoba nezinkinga zamanzi. esikhathini esizayo.
Ukutshala imali ezinkampanini zamanzi kutshala esikhathini esizayo
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi inzuzo esingayithola ngamasheya noma ama-investment esinawo ezinkampanini noma ezikhwameni ezisebenza ngamanzi inkulu, kodwa akuyona yonke into. Uma sikhuluma ngokufaka imali emanzini sikhuluma ngokutshala okuthile okubaluleke kakhulu, okuwukutshala ikusasa lamanzi.
Izinkampani eziningi zisebenzela ukukhiqiza amaphrojekthi okususa ukungcola kwamanzi noma amaphrojekthi okuletha amanzi ezindaweni lapho ingqalasizinda eyanele ingakabi khona. Ngokufanayo, ukwanda kwabantu kuyanda kulezi zindawo, amanzi ayancipha, nesidingo samanzi siba sikhulu.
Emazweni lapho ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kwanda khona, njengoba kwenzeka eNdiya noma e-Australia nasemazweni ahlukahlukene ezwekazini lase-Afrika, izinkampani zenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokukhucululwa kwendle nokuhlanza umthombo wamanzi obalulekile. Ngokuthengwa kwamasheya nawe ubamba iqhaza kulawa maphrojekthi.
Ukutshala imali ngama-ETF
Njengoba sesishilo, ngokungafani nezimpahla nemikhiqizo eminingi ethengwayo futhi idayiswe emakethe yamasheya, awukwazi ukuqagela emanzini. Enye yezindlela zokutshala imali emanzini iwukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ethile yezezimali ebizwa ngama-ETF, okuyizimali ezihweba ngokuhwebelana lapho izinkampani ezingaphezu kweyodwa zibamba iqhaza, ngakho-ke, lapho utshala imali ku-EFT utshala kubhasikidi noma iqoqo lezibambiso ezisohlwini oluphikisanayo. amasheya.
Ama-ETF aphelele ukuqala ukutshala imali emanzini njengomuntu onemali encane, kodwa umbono omuhle. Izimali ezihweba ngokuhwebelana azinakho ukungena okuncane, ngakho-ke, noma ubani angaqala ukuhlanganyela kuzo kusuka kumanani amancane.
Ukwengeza kulokhu, njengoba utshala imali kubhasikidi wezibambiso, ubungozi buphansi kakhulu uma ubutshala kumasheya enkampani eyodwa. Ukulawulwa kwezingcuphe zokutshalwa kwezimali, kuhlanganiswe nokutshalwa kwezimali kwenye yezinsiza ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, kudala ukuzethemba okwengeziwe lapho kutshalwa imali emanzini.
Ama-ETF aphathwa ngama-indices. Izinkomba zifanekisela ukuziphatha kwemakethe, uma izinkampani zinemiphumela emihle, ama-indices akhuphuka ngenxa yalokho, noma kunjalo, uma imiphumela ingathandeki, ama-indices awela; Njengoba sikhuluma ngeqembu lezinkampani, kunzima ukwenza ukuhlaziya ngayinye, ngakho-ke, inkomba inomsebenzi wokumelela imakethe yonke, emakethe yamanzi kunezinkomba ezimbili ezivelele njengezibaluleke kakhulu. :
I-World Water Index
I-World Water Index yakhiwe izinkampani eziyinhloko ezingu-20 ezisebenza ngamanzi. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko emakethe futhi, ngakho-ke, imali engenayo, ihambelana nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, ukuhlinzekwa, ukuhlanzwa noma ukwelashwa kwamanzi.
I-S&P Global Water Index
Isikhwama sokuhwebelana nge-S&P Water Index sakhiwe izinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenza futhi zilawule amanzi emhlabeni. Zakha izinkampani ezihlangene ezingama-50 sezizonke, lezi zinkampani zisebenza ngokuhlanzwa kwamanzi kanye nengqalasizinda edingekayo.
Inkinga ye-ETF
Nakuba ukutshala izimali kuma-ETF kuyindlela enhle kubantu abanemali encane, ezinye zezinkampani zesikhwama azisebenzi ngokuphelele emanzini. Kwezinye izimo, imisebenzi eyenziwa yilezi zinkampani ngamanzi imvamisa iba yingxenye encane yalokho ezikwenzayo ngempela.
Inkinga ngalokhu ukuthi ukuhlobana okukhona nemakethe kungase kukhuphuke, okungasho izinguquko ekutshalweni kwethu. Noma ngabe inkinga ibingaba khona emkhakheni ongewona owamanzi, isazogcina inomthelela omubi emalini etshaliwe.
Kodwa-ke, kuyingozi okungafanele ikhathazeke kangako njengoba ukutshalwa kwezimali kwethu kwenziwa ngombono wesikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, eminyakeni ezayo kungenzeka ukuthi intengo yamanzi izokhuphuka kanye nesabelomali lapho kwenziwa yonke imisebenzi ethinta amanzi (Ukunikezwa, ukwelashwa, phakathi kokunye)
Tshala imali emanzini ngokusebenzisa amaphrojekthi e-crowdfunding
Ithuba lokwenza isicelo se-crowdfunding livule iminyango yemibono namaphrojekthi okuqala kuze kube manje. Abantu abaningi bakhathazekile ngesimo samanje samanzi, ngakho-ke, lobu buciko kumaphrojekthi kanye nemibono emisha evela kubantu abazinikele nayo ibonakale kulezi zinkundla.
Nge-crowdfunding noma ngezimali ezihlangene kungenzeka ukutshala ezinkampanini ezivela emikhakheni eyahlukene yomphakathi. Ngaphakathi kwezinkundla zezimali ezihlangene, amaphrojekthi amaningi anenjongo yokuphatha amanzi abone ukukhanya.
Kodwa-ke, ingozi ehilelekile ekutshaleni imali kumaphrojekthi we-crowdfunding iphezulu ngoba, nakuba imibono ingeyokuqala futhi imisha, akufanele ikhohlwe ukuthi izinga lokuphumelela kokuqala aliphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphumelela, inzuzo ezotholwa ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali kuphrojekthi ingaba yinhle kakhulu; Uma uthatha isinqumo sokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi wokuxhasa ngemali ngokubambisana, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho ukhetha.
Sithemba ukuthi uzosijabulela lesi sihloko futhi uma ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokutshala amanzi kanye nezinzuzo zawo, sikumema ukuthi ubuke ividiyo elandelayo: