Umlando wezokuthutha eMexico, yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho kuyo yonke le posi lapho uzokwazi ukuthi ukuvela kwayo kube njani kuze kube namuhla. Ngakho sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe.
Umlando wezokuthutha eMexico
Ngo-2018 eMexico, ezokuthutha ezihamba phansi zibe nokwanda kokuthunyelwa kwempahla e-United States, okwakumele i-12% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Okufika ekucabangeni ukuthi ezokuthutha ezihamba phansi zingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu abantu abaningi eMexico kanye nasekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe esizokhuluma ngakho ngokuyinhloko.
Njengoba lezi zindlela zokuhamba zingenye yezindlela eziwusizo kakhulu e-United States naseCanada, okungabalingani abakhulu bokuhweba eMexico. Kodwa kukhona ukuphazamiseka okuncane futhi ukuthi lezi zimoto zihlinzekwa ngakho konke ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ngakho-ke ukwehluleka kwemishini kwalezi zimoto kudala izindleko zokukhanda eziphakeme kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe ekuthuthweni kwempahla.
Izinhlobo zokuhamba eMexico ukwenza uhwebo lwangaphandle
Ukunaka i umlando wezokuthutha eMexico, Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukungenisa noma ukuthunyelwa kokuthengiswayo futhi singabala:
ezokuthutha zasolwandle
Okuwukuthuthwa okukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izisindo ezinkulu namavolumu emikhiqizo eqinile noma ewuketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyindlela yokuthutha eyinhloko yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
ezokuthutha emoyeni
Lokhu ukuthutha okusetshenziselwa ukuhambisa okuthengiswayo phakathi kwamazwekazi amabili noma ngaphezulu. Ikakhulukazi uma zinenani elikhulu, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lokhu kuyashesha, kuphephile futhi kulula ukulandela umkhondo, okwenza kube kuhle ukuthunyelwa okukhethekile noma okuphuthumayo.
zokuhamba phansi
Futhi mayelana nezokuthutha ezihamba phansi, singabala izinhlobo ezilandelayo ezikhona:
ukuthutha ngamaloli
Iwuhlobo lwezokuthutha olunezimoto ezihlukene futhi olunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu, njengoba izimoto zalo zingakwazi ukuthutha noma yiliphi inani lempahla ethengiswayo, yezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nobukhulu bomthwalo bungahluka.
Ezokuthutha ngololiwe
Umthamo wayo wokuthutha mkhulu kunaweloli futhi udinga umsebenzi omncane ngethani/ikhilomitha elihanjiwe ukuze lidluliselwe. Kodwa lokhu kuthutha kukhawulelwe kunethiwekhi yesitimela kuphela, ngakho-ke lokhu kungenye yemikhawulo yakho.
Ukuthutha kwe-Multimodal
Lolu hlobo lwezokuthutha yilona olusetshenziswa ukuletha impahla ethengiswayo isuka lapho ivela khona iye endaweni yayo yokugcina. Kodwa ukusebenzisa izinto zokuthutha eziningana ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuthutha okuthengiswayo.
Ngokuvamile le modi ilawulwa opharetha bezokuthutha eziningi. Okuvame ukuba yizinkampani zemikhumbi, abasebenza ngololiwe ngokuvamile okungebona abanikazi kodwa abenza inkontileka yezokuthutha ehlukahlukene bethatha imithwalo yemfanelo yokugcwaliseka kwayo.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezokuthutha nokuhweba
Lapho sikhuluma nge- umlando wezokuthutha eMexicoKumelwe sithi lokhu kwaqala ngo-1837, lapho owayengumongameli wangaleso sikhathi, u-Anastacio Bustamante, enikeza uFrancisco Arrillaga igunya lokwakha ujantshi osuka eMexico City uye eVeracruz. Kodwa kwaze kwafika isikhundla sikamongameli wePorfirio Diaz lapho kwaqala khona ukutshalwa imali nesikhathi ekwakhiweni kwezitimela ezintsha ngenhloso yokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuhweba ngaphakathi kwezwe.
Lolu hlelo lwaba lwesikhathi eside, kusukela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthuthwa komhlaba kwezimpahla kwathola amandla, okwenza umnotho waseMexico ukhule. Namuhla ujantshi awuseyona indlela yokuthutha esetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa kunezinye izindlela zokuthutha ezihamba phansi ezisasetshenziselwa le njongo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhamba kwezimoto emgwaqeni kuyaqhubeka nokuba nokukhula okukhulu kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwamaloli akhulunywayo avumela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla nemikhiqizo kokubili enyakatho naseningizimu yezwekazi. Inqubo okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu icacile futhi kubalulekile ukuthi yenziwe ukuze kugwenywe izinkokhiso noma unswinyo lwesikhathi esizayo ekudlulisweni kokuthengiswayo.
Into yokuqala eyenzekayo ukuthi ukugunyazwa nokubhuka kwamukelwa enkampanini edinga ukuthekelisa okuhle, khona-ke izivumelwano zokuthumela ngaphandle kufanele zenziwe futhi wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo kule nqubo aqala ukwenziwa. Khona-ke kufanele uhambe kuwo wonke ama-logistics, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-inventory, lapho uthola khona ukuklama ukusebenza kokuthutha komhlaba, njenge-agent ye-customs, umshuwalense kanye nohlelo lokuqoqa.
Ukuze kuphothulwe le nqubo, okuthengiswayo kuyalandelwa, inkokhelo iyenziwa futhi ukulethwa kuyenziwa. Lolu wuhlelo olunzima kancane kodwa oluhlanganisa nezinzuzo ezilunikezayo, lwenza ezokuthutha ezihamba phansi zibe enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuthutha impahla naphezu kokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda ezweni.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zokuthutha ezihamba phansi, ukuthi lena ukuphela kwendlela evumela insizakalo yendlu ngendlu ukuthi ihlinzekwe, njengoba lokhu okuthengiswayo okuthunyelwayo kungalethwa ngqo lapho umthengi edinga khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuyindlela yokuthutha eshibhile enemikhawulo embalwa lapho uhambisa impahla noma isisindo sempahla, futhi esimweni samakhasimende nabo ungakwazi ukuxoxisana ngezindleko, amashejuli ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zabo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini isijobelelo 31 ngaphakathi kwemithetho ejwayelekile yokuhweba? Kusixhumanisi esilandelayo uzothola ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko. Yimiphi imithetho ejwayelekile yohwebo lwangaphandle?
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuthutha eMexico
Iqhubeka ne umlando wezokuthutha eMexico, singasho ukuthi ukukhula kwalezi zindlela zokuthutha kwakungenxa yobuningi bempahla abakwazi ukuyihambisa, ngaphezu kokukhululeka abakunikezayo ukuze kusetshenziswe imikhakha yezomnotho ehlukahlukene kanye nenani elikhulu lamakhasimende ahlobene. futhi usebenzise le sevisi. Okuyenza ibe yingcezu eyisisekelo ku-supply chain.
Ekuhlelweni kwamasu nokuhleleka kokuthuthwa kwempahla ye-Mexican Institute of Transportation, kuya kuze kube ukusho ukuthi u-62% wezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zikazwelonke zenziwa ngomgwaqo. Ukubangela lezi zibalo kwenze uhulumeni waseMexico waqala ukufuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa ezokuthutha ezihamba phansi, ukuze azenze zisebenze kahle futhi andise ukusetshenziswa kwawo ukwenza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi izinkinga eziyinhloko zisekuphathweni kokuphatha, njengoba lokhu kubonisa ukuntula ukuhlaziya izibalo kwenkampani, kanye nokuthatha izinqumo kungazelelwe kanye nokuntuleka kwezinqubomgomo noma izinqubo zokulandela izinhlelo eziphuthumayo. Futhi ngaphandle, ukunyuka kukaphethiloli kanye nezinto ezifakwayo kwenze ukuthi intengo yezimoto zenyuke futhi akuzuzisi kangako.
Yingakho kwasungulwa Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lwengqalasizinda Yomgwaqo 2018-2024, lapho kubizwa khona amathebula anezihloko ukuze kwakhiwe izinhlelo zemikhakha yezokuxhumana nezokuthutha. Yingakho ukuthuthwa kwe-intermodal, okuyindlela yokuthutha lapho izinhlobo eziningi zokuthutha zihlanganiswa futhi ezibuye zisetshenziswe kabanzi, akukususi ukubaluleka kwezokuthutha ezihamba phansi.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kufunwa ukuthi ezokuthutha ezihamba phansi zithuthukiswe futhi zithuthukiswe ukuze zikwazi ukuncintisana ngokuhlanganisa imizamo yazo nemikhakha yasolwandle neyomoya, futhi kulezo zimakethe lapho ezinye izindlela zingadingeki ukuthutha impahla zizoqhubeka zibe indlela eyinhloko yezokuthutha, umhlaba. Kodwa ukuba nemigwaqo enguthelawayeka emisha exhuma amaphuzu amaningi ngokushesha nangezinqubo ezingaxakile kangako zokuthutha okuthengiswayo.
Ngalokhu, okufunwayo wukwenza iMexico ibe nempumelelo emakethe yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe, okuthi nakuba ikhula kakhulu, isengakwazi ukusizakala ngamakhono ezwe ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kunokuba ihambisane nezinhlelo nemigomo, inqubekelaphambili eyengeziwe. kungenziwa. Njengoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imikhakha kahulumeni ebamba iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe njengoMnyango Wezokuthutha ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinyathelo.
Ukuze bavumelane nezinguquko nokuthi abazona izinguquko kuphela kwesakhiwo, kodwa futhi izinguquko zangaphakathi zenzeka ukuze kuzuze ngempela imikhakha eyahlukene eze ezokuthutha izimpahla. Ukuzuza ukuthi izinqubo zenziwe lula, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthunyelwa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ngalokhu sizoqinisekisa ukuthi izwe liyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokomnotho.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okuhle nokubi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindlela zokuthutha ezikhona, sizokushiyela le vidiyo. Ngakho sikumema ukuthi uyibone ngokugcwele, ungakhohlwa ukwabelana ngale datha.