Empilweni, kubalulekile ukuba nezikhathi zokucabanga, ukuzindla, okuvumela ukubona ngeso lengqondo isici ngasinye ngendlela efanele futhi usisebenzise ngokugcwele, ngenxa yalokhu, okuhlukahlukene. izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo ezishukumisa ukubona izinto ngendlela efanele futhi zizenze, kulesi sihloko kunikezwe ezivelele kakhulu.
Imisho eholela ekucabangeni.
Imisho yabacabangi abakhulu
Eminyakeni edlule, izazi zefilosofi ezihlukahlukene zokuqashelwa okukhulu ziye zanikezwa ngenxa yemisho esungulwe ugqozi lwabo olukhulu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi eziningi zazo zasendulo kakhulu, ziyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela ezikhathini zamanje, ngaleyo ndlela. indlela umlayezo wakho osathunyelwa ngayo ezindaweni ezahlukene; Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi kukhona ezihlukahlukene eliphezulu izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo.
Le mishwana yethulwa njengemicabango ejulile efinyelela ingaphakathi lomuntu, ivumela ukusungula isikhashana sokuhlaziya impilo, ucabangele amanani aphethwe, ukwazi ukukhumbula imininingwane evela endleleni nokuningi uthole injabulo..
Okuhambisana kakhulu
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kukhona inani elikhulu izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo ezivumela isikhathi sokuzindla ezindaweni ezahlukene, ngakho lezi zinokubaluleka okukhulu, ezivelele kakhulu zigqanyiswe ngezansi.
Kunzima ukuzazi futhi ngokuvamile kulula ukuphawula ngabanye.
Lena enye ye izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo, eyadalwa uThales waseMilethu, lapho ebanxusa ukuba bazindle futhi bazazi ngempela ngaphandle kokubona amaphutha abanye abantu, njengoba lokhu ngokuvamile kulula kakhulu; Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uqhubekele phambili futhi uzuze injabulo yeqiniso.
Angikwazi ukunikeza abanye ulwazi, kodwa ngiyakwazi ukubenza bacabange.
Ngasohlangothini lukaSocrates lo musho omkhulu unikeziwe, owanikezwa abafundi bakhe ukuze bawucabange ngeqiniso, ukuze bafundiswe ukuthi bangathuthuka kanjani bona siqu, bakhulise amandla abo futhi bangazibeki imingcele.
Akufanele sahlulele noma yibaphi abantu esibathandayo.
Uma unothando olukhulu ngomuntu, ikakhulukazi lapho usothandweni, kuba nzima kakhulu ukubona amaphutha noma amaphutha abo, yingakho uJean-Paul Sartre edale le nkulumo, eqokomisa ukuthi uthando lukhulu kakhulu; kodwa-ke, akuhlali kunempilo, njengoba kungase kube isici okufanele ngempela sixazululwe ekuphileni, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi kutholakale lolu hlobo lwesimo.
Ulwazi lungamandla.
UFrancis Bacon usungula le nkulumo ebonisa ukuthi njengoba kufundwa izinto ezintsha kungenzeka ukukhula njengabantu, ukuthuthukisa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene futhi kuthuthuke naphezu kwezinto ezivelayo, kungcono ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo ethulwayo futhi andise ulwazi.
Impi embi kakhulu yilena engenziwanga.
U-Karl Marx wethula lesi sisho songqondongqondo abakhulu njengenye yalabo abanomthelela omkhulu phakathi neminyaka edlule, evumela abantu ukuba bagqugquzeleke ukuba balwele into ngayinye abayifunayo, baphishekele amaphupho abo futhi bangaphumuli baze bafeze imigomo yabo ngayinye. wezindawo.
Ubumpofu abuveli engcebweni elinganiselwe kodwa ngenxa yezifiso ezikhulayo.
Umusho womthelela omkhulu owasungulwa nguPlato, okhombisa ukuthi labo bantu abafisa kuphela ukuba nokuba, ukuba nakho, ukubheka ubungako kuphela; awusoze wazuza injabulo, ngoba itholakala ngaphakathi ngenxa yemininingwane emincane kakhulu.
Ungalimazi abanye naphezu kobuhlungu bakho.
Ukuhlakanipha kuyimininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni, uma ucabangela ukuthi akuzona zonke izici ezinhle, ngendlela efanayo kufanele wenze ngendlela engcono kakhulu, naphezu kobuhlungu noma ukuhlupheka, ubonise inhlonipho kwabanye nethemba lekusasa elingcono. nakwabanye. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uBuddha wasungula lesi sisho, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokwazi ukubhekana nobuhlungu, ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi futhi uqhubeke nabantu abaseduze kwakho.
Kungcono ukuzifunela wena ngokwakho futhi ungalindeli kwabanye.
Le nkulumo yethulwa nguConfucius, omunye we izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo okunomthelela omkhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi, okubonisa ukuthi iphutha labantu liwukulinda abanye, okungabangela ukukhohlisa nobuhlungu; Okungcono kakhulu akukona ukulinda isenzo sabanye abantu, kodwa ukunikeza konke okusemandleni akho, futhi uzifunele wena ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze uzitholele ukuthi yini ejabulisa ukuphila kwakho.
Isizathu siziba ezinye izizathu inhliziyo engazinaki.
Enye ye izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo ethandwa kakhulu, nguBlaise Pascal, ogcizelela ukunganciphisi ukubaluleka kwemizwelo, njengoba ithonya ukuphila kwabantu ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubalawula ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ungabavumeli ukuba bakushiye. impilo yakho.
Ucabanga kancane ngalokho onakho kodwa ucabanga kakhulu ngalokho okushodayo.
Enye ye izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izikhathi, esetshenziswa njalo ukuze kubonakale abantu, nguSchopenhauer, ikhombisa ukwehluleka kwabantu ukungabongi ngalokho abanakho, ukungakuhloniphi nokubheka lokho abangenakho kuphela, lokhu akulona iphuzu. lokho kuletha injabulo.
Impilo ikhombisa imiphumela yemicabango.
U-Kierkegaard usungula kusukela kulo mbhalo ukuthi ezikhathini eziningi abantu bafuna ukuzenza into abangeyona, noma kunjalo, imicabango ebusayo ayikwazi ukufihlwa, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukufihla lokho umuntu akucabangayo.
Abantu babona okuvelayo kodwa hhayi lokho okuke kwabonwa.
UMachiavelli wenza kuqondwe ngale nkulumo, ukuthi abantu bavame ukuhlala nesithombe esinikezwe ngokubukeka kwabo, noma kunjalo, bambalwa kakhulu abakwazi ukubuka ngaphakathi, qaphela ukuthi akusona isithombe sangempela, yini engakwazi kubangele ukudabuka okukhulu nokungakhululeki empilweni.
Isifiso ingqikithi yangempela yomuntu.
Ukufisa kuyisenzo esenzeka kubantu ababaluleke kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kuvumela inqubekela phambili njalo engxenyeni yabo, noma kunjalo, ezinye zazo azilungile futhi kudingekile ukuzibona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzindla okubi , isizathu sokuthi kungani akufanele kwenziwe.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukusabela esimweni.
I-Epithet inikeza lokhu, njengenye ye izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo okunomthelela omkhulu, uma kubhekwa ukuthi abantu banokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene ekuphileni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhle noma kubi, nokho-ke, okwenzekayo akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu kodwa ukusabela kwayo, njengoba lokhu kuphinde kube nomthelela kulabo ababazungezile.
Ukubekezela kuyababa, kodwa izithelo zimnandi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu phakathi izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo, ngaye uJean-Jacques Rousseau usikisela ukuthi enye yezimfanelo ezinhle zomuntu ukubekezela; Nokho, kungase kungabi okungcono kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa lena inikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Umona uhlala isikhathi eside kunenjabulo.
Njengomusho wokufundisa okukhulu kubantu, uHeraclitus uveza ngakho ukuthi inketho embi kakhulu umona, ukucasuka, ukucasuka, lokhu kuyingozi ngempela kuye futhi ngeke kubavumele ukuba bajabule, kuyilapho labo abanomona ngeke babe nenkinga. ngayo.
Kuthatha impilo yonke ukufunda ukuphila.
Impilo iwukufunda okuqhubekayo okungasoze kwanele, nokho-ke, yisikhathi sabantu lapho bengafunda khona, benze amaphutha, bacabange nokunye okuningi, babe nethuba lokukhetha, babe nolwazi olukhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokunenzuzo. ngobuningi.
Thola iqiniso eliyiqiniso ngempilo yami.
Eminye yemishwana eyakhiwe u-Kierkegaard, kuyo ubonisa abantu abafuna iqiniso lempilo yabo, bethola lokho abafuna ukukulwela, lokho abafuna kakhulu, ngendlela yokuthi bangaba nenjongo futhi basungule izinhloso zabo. .
Okwedlule akunamandla ngaphezu kwanamuhla.
Enye yemininingwane eyenzeka kakhulu ezimpilweni zabantu ukukhumbula okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule, ikakhulukazi lezo zenzakalo ezimbi noma okuhlangenwe nakho, kubalulekile ukuthi lokhu kungenzeki empilweni, le ndlela yokucabanga noma yokwenza kufanele iguqulwe , ngakho kuncike ekutheni ngokwakhe, yingakho u-Eckhart Tolle ethula lesi sisho esibonisa ukuthi umuntu unamandla futhi kufanele asebenzise kuphela esikhathini sakhe samanje.
Kholwa ukuthi ukuphila kwakho kuwufanele ukuphila futhi ukwazi ukwakha amaqiniso.
UWilliam James, ubeka lokhu njengomunye we izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwemicabango yomuntu, njengoba lokhu kubonakala ngokuqondile ezenzweni zakhe, uma kubhekwa ukuthi uma imicabango yabo ibekwe bona ngokwabo, khona-ke ngeke bakwazi ukuthola lokho abakufunayo, ngakho kufanele benze ngokufanele.indlela eyakhayo kukho konke. izici.
Isifiso esikhulu sivumela imiphumela emihle.
Kufakwe isicelo ikakhulukazi kosomabhizinisi, njengengxenye ye izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo, okufanayo kusetshenziselwa ukugcwaliseka kwezinhloso ezisungulwa ngumuntu, ezikhuthaza ukuba zihlale zicabanga ezinkulu, zingazikhawuli, zisungule izinhloso futhi zenze ngendlela yokuthi zingagcwaliseka, zama njalo futhi zingavumeli amaphutha abe yisithiyo. kuyo.
Ukubheka othile kuwukubona ngeso lengqondo into wonke umuntu angaba nayo.
Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokubonisa abantu mayelana nokufuna ukuqashelwa kwabanye abantu kanye nokuzibekela imingcele, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unamandla okwenza izinto noma abe nezici zomthelela omkhulu; Akushiwo ukuthi akufanele agunyaze isici esihle kwenye, kodwa hhayi ukuthi aqaphele ukuthi nguyena kuphela onamandla ashiwo.
Ubuhlungu bukuvumela ukuthi wazi konke.
UDante Alighieri udala enye ye izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo ethandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izikhathi, uma kunikezwe ukuthi kusukela kuyo ukuvulwa kwemicabango yokucabangela kuvezwa, kubonisa ukuthi abantu abaye babhekana nobuhlungu banokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu, okuye kwavumela ukufunda kwabo ukuba kube banzi, ngendlela yokuthi Bazi izici eziningi ukuphila.
Imfundo ingase ingabi lula kodwa izithelo zayo zimnandi.
U-Aristotle uyisazi sefilosofi esiphakamisa lesi sisho, ekhumbula ukuthi imfundo iyinqubo engaba yinkimbinkimbi noma engase ingathandeki kwabaningi, kodwa empeleni ibhekene nesikhathi sokwandisa amandla omuntu ukuvula amathuba empilweni yakhe. , ukuze ukwazi ukubona izithelo kamuva.
Ukuphila kulula kodwa sikwenza kube nzima.
UConfucius, omunye wongqondongqondo ozwakalisa ngalo musho ukubaluleka kokunikeza ukubaluleka kwempilo kucatshangelwa ubulula, inqobo nje uma izici eziningi eziyiphutha zibonwa njengamaqiniso abaluleke kakhulu, lapho-ke ngeke kwenzeke ukusizakala, yakha ubunkimbinkimbi obukhulu kunalokho okufanele kugwenywe.
Isithiyo indlela.
Kubalulekile ukuthi singathuthukisi inkimbinkimbi empilweni, nokho-ke, kufanele futhi sikhumbule ukuthi izinto azifezwa ngenqubo elula, inhloso ngayinye noma iphrojekthi ehlongozwayo idinga inqubo, izindlela ezinqamulelayo azikwazi ukuthathwa, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo. ngokuphelele ukuhlanganisa isici ngasinye esihlobene futhi sifinyelele kuzo.
Kunezikhathi lapho kudingeka khona umusho ongakhuthaza ukuthi uqhubeke, ngalokhu sincoma ukuthi ufunde ngakho imishwana yokugqugquzela.
Ukuzibheka njengabaphelele akunzima kangako.
UHermann Hesse, isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane, wethula enye ye izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo okubaluleke kakhulu, lapho kuvumela khona ukugcwalisa ukucabanga kwabantu abacabanga ukuthi abantuli lutho, ukuthi baphelele, kusikisela ukuthi banqunyelwe into kuphela abangayifeza noma bayizuze ngokuphazima kweso; umuntu kufanele abone ngokuqhubekayo, aphakamise izinto ezintsha, asungule imigomo, anikezwe ukuthi akuzona zonke izinto ezenziwe, akekho ophelele futhi kukhona amaphutha.
Ababona imali njengento yonke bazokwenza yonke into ngemali.
Esinye seziphambeko ezingase zethulwe ngendlela evelele isifiso semali, ukuhaha kungase kulawule abantu futhi kubangele umonakalo kubo, njengoba bengenza noma yini ukuze nje bathole okuhle kwezomnotho; ngokuqinisekile imayelana nokuthile okubalulekile, kodwa akuyona yonke into ekuphileni.
Injabulo isuka emcabangweni hhayi ekucabangeni.
U-Immanuel Kant ugcizelela ukubaluleka kwenjabulo ekuphileni komuntu, okunqunywa nguye, umcabango wakhe yiwo osungula imingcele mayelana nalokho okumjabulisayo, okumenza ajabule, ngakho uzithola encike.
Umlingiswa weqiniso uvela ezimeni ezinkulu.
Yethulwa umbutho wezempi uNapoleon Bonaparte, igcizelela ukuthi kusezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma ezinomthelela omkhulu lapho abaholi bavela khona, kulolu hlobo lwecala kubhekwa isimo sangempela somuntu, nakuba kungumuntu ozolile kakhulu.
Umuntu ongenzi lutho akanakukhululeka.
UJean Piaget ubonisa ukuthi ukuziphatha kubaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zabantu, kuthuthukiswa isifiso sokufunda, ngakho-ke imicabango kufanele ibe ukukhulisa ulwazi, ukuthuthukisa izici ezinhle nokunye, kuyilapho umuntu ongenzi lutho ongenzi lutho ukuze enze lokhu kwenzeke angakutholi. ukuze ujabulele lezi zinzuzo.
Isipho esihle kakhulu yisibonelo.
U-Bertolt Brecht ubonisa ukucabanga mayelana nezenzo zomuntu kanye nomthelela kwabanye, njengesibonelo esihle kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuxhumana nomuntu, ukunikeza izici zabo ngendlela efanele, lena ingenye yezindlela zokusungulwa kokuxhumana, ngaphandle kwezinto ezibonakalayo. izinto zithathwa njengesipho.
Isikhathi sinikeza konke futhi konke kuyathatha.
U-Giordano Bruno, wethula omunye walaba izingcaphuno ezinkulu ongqondongqondo okubonisa ukuthi ukuphila kuyathuthuka njengoba isikhathi sihamba, ngale nqubo kungatholwa izinto eziningi, kokubili ezibonakalayo hhayi; noma kunjalo, yonke into inesiphetho sayo esifanayo, ngakho ekugcineni kwayo ungaphinda uyisuse.
Zithembe ngokusekelwe eqinisweni.
U-Bobby Fischer ubonisa ukubaluleka kokuzethemba, njengoba umuntu okholelwa kuye angakwazi ukubeka imingcele ngendlela efanele futhi afeze lokho okuyinkimbinkimbi noma okubonakala kungenakwenzeka, inqobo nje uma ezama futhi ephakathi kwezifiso zakhe, kungenzeka ukukufeza. .
Kunezimo eziningi ezingavela empilweni, futhi imishwana imvamisa iwumthombo wamandla okuqhubeka, ngoba lokhu sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana imishwana yokuphila kwansuku zonke.