Uma ungumuntu othanda isayensi yezinkanyezi noma uchwepheshe ofundile endaweni, kufanele ube nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenza kulo mkhakha. Phakathi kwazo, izibonakude zingabambisene nabo ababalulekile kulo msebenzi onzima kangaka, inazo zonke izinhlobo zezibonelo namamodeli atholakalayo. Ukukhetha isibonakude kudinga ubumnandi obukhulu, isineke nokwahlulela okuhle ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Isibonakude ngasinye sihlukile kwenye, njengoba kulindelekile, sifeza ngokugcwele izinhloso ezehlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ezinye zifaneleka kangcono ezindaweni ezithile, ezinye ziziqhayisa ngabasunguli abaphelele bokubuka okubukhali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini, isibonakude esihle kufanele sihlanganise ingxenye encane yesici ngasinye ukuze siqinisekise okuhlangenwe nakho okungenakulibaleka.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: I-Galileo Reflecting Telescope
Ngaphambi kokukhetha isibonakude… Funda kabanzi ngabo nomlando wabo!
Umthombo: I-Astrofiction
Uma ngabe ubungazi, izibonakude ziphakathi komphakathi wesayensi kusukela ngesikhathi UGalileo Galilei. Yebo, ngisho naleli qhawe lesayensi yezinkanyezi lasebenzisa enye yamamodeli okuqala ukubona kahle inyanga.
Ngenxa yokufika kwesibonakude, isayensi yabonisa intuthuko enkulu ngaleso sikhathi, ivumela umuntu ukuba achaze imininingwane ngendikimba yasezulwini. Ngaphambi kokuba libe khona, ukutadisha izinkanyezi nomkhathi kwakulinganiselwe ngokuphelele ezinkolelweni eziyize noma ezinkolelweni ezingamanga ezigxiliswe isonto.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha isibonakude kufanele uqonde ukuthi ziyizinto ezixhashazwa kakhulu yisayensi yezinkanyezi kanye namagatsha atholakala kuyo. Akungaphezu kwalokho ithuluzi eliklanyelwe ukuthwebula imisebe ye-electromagnetic (ukukhanya), ethanda ukubonakala kwezinto ezikude.
Ngemva kwetshe lokuqala elabekwa uGalileo, izibonakude bezilokhu zibona zonke izinhlobo zezinguquko nokulungisa kabusha ngenxa yocwaningo. Kusukela ekuqaleni lokho ubone ukuba khona kwezinyanga ezine (4) eJupiterr, kwakamuva kakhulu njenge-Hubble.
Ukukhetha isibonakude akudingeki ukuthi ube uchwepheshe noma uqeqeshelwe umsebenzi wezinkanyezi. Kwanele ukwazi ukuthi zisebenza kanjani ukuze ziphathwe ngisho nabaqalayo kakhulu futhi abanolwazi oluncane ngokujwayelekile.
Ingabe unokungabaza mayelana nendlela yokukhetha isibonakude? Funda kabanzi mayelana nabo ngaphambi kokuthenga!
Njengoba kushiwo kahle, isibonakude ngasinye siphethe izici ezithile okuthi, zihlangene, banikezela ngokusetshenziswa okujulile nokwe-didactic kubasebenzisi abafana nawe. Abahamba phambili kuphela abanezici zakamuva ezibuyekeziwe zokuqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukuzizwisa okuhle ensimini.
Buza ngohlobo nomklamo
Isibonakude ngasinye sisekelwe phezu kwesisekelo esilandela ngokugcwele ngokwesigaba esifakwe kuso. Okokuqala, banjalo ama-refractors awaziwayo, ngamalensi alo ukuze akhanyele ukukhanya, alungele nabangafundile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekhombisa izibonakude, ziqhayise ngezibuko ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zibonise ukukhanya futhi zithwebule izithombe ezicijile. Futhi okokugcina, kukhona okuthiwa i-catadioptric telescopes, ukuhlanganisa okuhle kakhulu kokwandulelayo kokubili kokuthwebula izithombe.
Ikhwalithi ngokuya ngelensi ne-eyepiece
Ukuze wazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani isibonakude kufanele ugcine lezi zici ezimbili ezishiwo engqondweni. Ilensi yensimbi iyona echaza ukunemba okuboniswa ngakho izinto. Ubukhulu bayo obukhulu, ubukhulu bubukhali, kanye nemininingwane ezotholakala.
Iningi lama-telescopes aqalayo Ayahluka ngamalensi aphakathi kuka-75mm kuya ku-150mm ububanzi. Nokho, lezo ezinobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-150mm yizona ezifaneleka kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, maqondana nesistimu ye-ocular, ikhwalithi yayo kufanele ivumele ikhono lokukhulisa nokulungisa izinto ezibonwayo. Konke lokhu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuncane bokucija kanjalo.
Qiniseka ukuthi ucabangela izikhwezi!
Ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi ungakhetha kanjani isibonakude sidlula ukwazi ukuhlukanisa izikhwebu ezisebenza njengezisekelo zamabonakude. Njengoba nje leli thuluzi linohlelo oluhle kakhulu lokugxila, lizoba udoti ngokuphelele uma ukuqondiswa kwalo kungenakushintshwa ngenxa yezinkinga ezikhulayo.
Njengamanje, ozimele abadume kakhulu emakethe Ziwuhlobo lwe- "azimuthal" kanye nohlobo lwe-equatorial.. Esokuqala sisiza ukunyakaza okuyisisekelo kokusuka phansi nakwesokudla. Ngokwengxenye yayo, intaba yenkabazwe isekelwe eksisini Yomhlaba ukuze iwujikelezise ohlangothini lwento egxilile.
Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa
Kungaba ikhanda elibuhlungu ukukhetha isibonakude umhlangano wayo oyisicefe ngayo yonke indlela. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugcwalise ngokugcwele isethi yesici esihle, isibonakude osithengayo sidinga kube lula ukusisebenzisa.
Kunamamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi noma anenani elikhulu lezicucu ezincane ezidinga ukuzinikela okuphelele ukuze ahlangane. Uma kwenzeka kuvela ukuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi kunokujwayelekile, ngeke ukwazi ukujabulela okuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo kwesayensi yezinkanyezi. Qinisekisa ukuthi imiyalelo yakho ifushane, icacile futhi ichaza ngokugcwele ukuze ungalahlekelwa ukubekezela.
Ingabe uke wabuza ngomehluko phakathi kokukhetha isibonakude esisemhlabeni kanye nesezinkanyezi?
Umthombo: Imiqondo
Kunjalo, ngale kokunquma ukuthi izibonakude eziphindiselayo, ziyakhombisa noma i-catadioptric telescope, kufanele kugcizelelwe ekusebenziseni kwazo. Ukukhetha itheleskopu yasemhlabeni noma eyezinkanyezi kuzoncika kumbono ofuna ukuwusebenzisa ethuluzini okukhulunywa ngalo eduze kokuthenga.
Ngokusekelwe kuleso sisekelo, uzothola ukuthi ngamunye uzivumelanisa kangcono esigcawini esisodwa noma kwesinye. Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa ulwazi osuvele ulutholile mayelana nendlela yokukhetha isibonakude lapho uthenga noma iyiphi yalezi ezimbili eziqanjwe igama.
Kafushane…
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni i-telescope yezinkanyezi, kufanele ukuqonde lokho ukusetshenziswa kwabo ebusuku futhi banesistimu ye-lens enkulu. Njengoba igama layo libonisa, zisekelwe ekuqapheliseni izindikimba zasezulwini ezingase zikuthakasele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lohlamvu lwemali, khetha ububanzi bokubona kufana nokusebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, okuhambisana nokuthwebula izithombe phakathi namahora asemini. Ukusebenza kwawo kuhlotshaniswa nocwaningo lwemvelo noma izigigaba zobuso bomhlaba kude neso lenyama.
Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekiswa kumthamo wazo wezinhloso eziningi, ziyatholakala futhi ukuze zibukwe ebusuku. Ingxenye embi? Imininingwane izobonakala ngemininingwane emincane kanye nobukhali uma kuqhathaniswa nesibonakude sezinkanyezi.