Ukufuna Komuntu Injongo yincwadi eyabhalwa udokotela wengqondo wase-Austrian okuthiwa uViktor Emil Frankl. Lo msebenzi ubekwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu komlobi ekamu lokuhlushwa, ngakho ngiyaninxusa ukuba niqhubeke nifunda ukuze nifunde okwengeziwe ngayo.
Ukufuna Komuntu Injongo
Lo msebenzi uhlaziya impilo ngaphakathi kwekamu lokuhlushwa, futhi ulandisa kabanzi nangemininingwane ngokuvalelwa kombhali ekamu lokuhlushwa lase-Auschwitz nakwezinye izindawo iminyaka engu-5. Iphinde ichaze ukuthi ulwa kanjani nokudabuka nokungabi nathemba ukuze aqhubeke enezizathu zokuphila.
Indaba ibuye isitshele futhi ihlaziye ukusebenza kwengqondo yesiboshwa ngemva kokukhululwa, ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi lo msebenzi usitshela ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo bonke labo bantu ababekuleyo nkambu yokuhlushwa kanye nomlobi wale ncwadi. Njengoba nje bezama ukubhekana nokuboshwa bese bekhululwa.
Mayelana noMlobi
UViktor Frankl wazalwa ngoMashi 26, 1905 futhi washona ngoSepthemba 2, 1997 eVienna, e-Austria, wayengudokotela wezinzwa, udokotela wengqondo kanye nesazi sefilosofi esivelele. Ungumsunguli we-logotherapy nokuhlaziya okukhona.
Ungomunye wabasinde emakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi, kuhlanganise nalawo ase-Auschwitz naseDachau lapho ayekhona kusukela ngo-1942 kuya ku-1945. Ngokusekelwe kukho konke lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, unquma ukubhala le Man in Search of Meaning ethengiswa kakhulu.
Indaba Yokufuna Kwesintu Incazelo
Uhlelo lokuqala lwencwadi ethi Ukufuna Kwesintu Injongo lwanyatheliswa eJalimane nguVicktor E Frankl ngo-1946, olwaphumelela kangangokuthi kwadingeka ukuba kunyatheliswe uhlelo lwesibili. Kodwa nokho lolu hlelo lwesibili aluzange lube nempumelelo yokuqala.
Ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 yokushicilelwa kwayo kokuqala, unquma ukukhulula uhlelo lwesithathu oluhunyushelwe eSpanishi, ukusula ukwehluleka kwesibili, kodwa umgomo awufinyelelwanga. Kodwa umbhali unquma ukukhulula uhlelo lwesine lwegama elithi Ukufuna Incazelo Yomuntu, elihunyushwe ezilimini ezingaphezu kuka-20 futhi libhekwa njengenye yezincwadi ezingu-10 ezinhle kakhulu ezincwadini zaseMelika.
[su_note]Kulolu shicilelo lwesine i-akhawunti ye-autobiographical yengezwe lapho imibono eyisisekelo ye-logotherapy nokuhlaziywa kokukhona kungabonwa. Ukuba lolu hlobo kube yimpumelelo enkulu.[/su_note]
Ukuxabana
Indoda efuna incazelo ilandisa ngokuhlangenwe nakho komlobi emakamu okuhlushwa. Le ncwadi ihlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3 lapho izama ukuphendula lo mbuzo: Ukuphila kwansuku zonke ekamu lokuhlushwa kuyithinta kanjani ingqondo kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo yesiboshwa esivamile?
Konke lokhu kwenzeka emakamu okuhlushwa amancane, lapho ukuqothulwa kwenziwa ngempela hhayi emakamu abanzi futhi adumile esike sazwa ngawo. Ngezansi sizonikeza imininingwane ngendaba exoxwa ku-Man's Search for Meaning:
Isigaba sokuqala
Kulesi sigaba sendoda efuna incazelo yenzeka ngaphakathi kwamakamu okuhlushwa, lapho ichaza khona ukuphathwa kabi nokululazwa okuthinta izingqondo zeziboshwa. Lezi ziboshwa zahlukaniswa izigaba ukuze zihlukanise:
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- Isiboshwa esivamile yisona esigqilazwa kakhulu futhi yileso esenza umsebenzi onzima odingwa abaphathi baso.
- Futhi i-capo ileso siboshwa esinezinhlobo ezithile zamalungelo, ngamasosha futhi esinemvume yokuthukuthelela iziboshwa ezivamile.[/su_list]
ukuvalelwa ensimini
Umbhali ulandisa ukuthi ngesikhathi befika enkanjini yokuhlushwa baphucwa yonke impahla yabo, ukuze bakhumbuze imindeni yabo noma izihlobo zabo. Njengoba omunye wemicabango engapheli iziboshwa ezinayo kwakuwukubuyela emindenini yazo noma esimweni esibi kakhulu zigcine izinkumbulo zazo ngempahla yazo.
Ngaphakathi ekamu lokuhlushwa, iziboshwa zaziyizisulu zokugetshengwa, amacala, ukushaywa ngisho nokuhlukunyezwa ngokomqondo ukuze zizizwe zingelutho. Lezo ziboshwa ezaziziphethe kangcono zazinamalungelo amalungelo athile angenakuqhathaniswa nalawo e-capo.
Iziboshwa bezingaziwa ngamagama azo kodwa ngezinombolo ezilulazayo noma iziteketiso ukuze zihlonzwe. Iziboshwa ezigulayo noma ezikhubazekile zazisebenza sengathi zingabantu abaphile saka, nakuba kwakunamacala ayencamela ukubabulala ngoba ayengeke abe usizo ekamu lokuhlushwa.
Iziboshwa ezenze umsebenzi wazo zaziklonyeliswa amathikithi angahleliwe ayeyimiklomelo noma amabhonasi njengebhokisi likagwayi ukwenza isibonelo. Umphumela obangelwa amathikithi ukuthi avumela amasosha ukuthi ahlukanise phakathi kweziboshwa ezivamile nama-capos.
Ukwenza amasosha aqonde ukuthi iziboshwa ezivamile zazinokuphila okungenanzuzo. Lapho lezi ziboshwa ziyiswa esitimeleni ziyiswa ekamu lokuhlushwa, kwakuneziboshwa ezingaba ngu-1500 70, enqoleni ngayinye yesitimela kwakuneziboshwa eziphakathi kuka-80 kuya kwezingu-XNUMX ezibukwa ama-capo namasosha.
Zonke lezi ziboshwa zakhohliswa ukuba zikholelwe ukuthi zizohamba ziyobona imboni yezikhali, kodwa lapho zibona ukuthi zisondela e-Auschwitz, zafikelwa usizi nokudabuka. Amasosha abahlukanisa aba imigqa emibili, abangakwesokhohlo yilabo ababeya khona ekugcineni kwakuwukufa futhi abangakwesokudla babengaqhubeka nokuhlala ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza ngempoqo, ukululazeka nokuhlukunyezwa.
UFrank waba nenhlanhla yokuba yingxenye yomugqa wesokudla, kodwa ukululazeka kwaba khona ngokushesha njengoba iziboshwa zazikhumulwa izingubo zazo, zisale zinqunu ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwezinto ezimbalwa ababezinikeza iziboshwa kwakuyinsipho yokugeza, ukuze zikwazi ukuhlanza.
Lapho zifika ekamu lokuhlushwa, iziboshwa kwadingeka zikhohlwe ngokuphila kwazo kwangaphambilini, iziboshwa eziningi zesaba ukufa kanye nethuba lokuba ngelandelayo ohlwini. Ezinye iziboshwa zakhetha ukuzibulala futhi zathatha isinqumo sokuziphonsa odongeni lukagesi ukuze zibulale izimpilo zazo.
Isigaba sesibili
Esigabeni sesibili umbhali wencwadi ethi Man in Search of Meaning usixoxela ngokunganaki okwakugqama iziboshwa, kuba sengathi zifile, okusho ukuthi azinawo umzwelo. Uma ufika emasimini wawulangazelela umuzi wakho, umndeni wakho, kodwa wavele wenyanya lokho owawukubona.
Impilo yasemaphandleni
Lapha basixoxela ngakho konke ukungcola okubahaqile, bephawula ngamakhono eziboshwa ezazicabanga ukuthi zishisela, namasosha asebenzisa isihluku ukuze iziboshwa zixege. Konke lokhu uFrank akubona kwamenza wancoma ozakwabo ukuthi babe nesibindi futhi baphephe inqobo nje uma lesi sihogo sisekhona.
Ngalo muzwa wokunganaki, iziboshwa zazisiza ukuba zingacabangi ngakho konke okucacile, okwakuzikhathaza kakhulu kwakuyimicabango yabathandekayo bazo. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izidingo eziyisisekelo zanoma yimuphi umuntu zaqala ukucatshangwa njengenkohliso okwakunzima kakhulu ukuba nayo.
Ukuze ziziphazamise, iziboshwa zakhuluma amahlaya ukuze zigcine ithemba liqinile futhi zikhohlwe izikhathi ezinzima ezazihlala lapho. U-Frankl wayengesinye seziboshwa ezimbalwa ezafika ukuze bathole ukwethenjwa abaphathi namasosha ngokuziphatha kwakhe okuhle nokuzimisela ukwenza umsebenzi ophoqelelwe, waklonyeliswa ngokuziphatha kwakhe okuhle ukuze akhushulwe endaweni yasekhishini.
Ukuhlala ematasa kwasiza uFrankl ukuba agcine imicabango yomkhaya wakhe nabathandekayo kude, futhi ingokomoya lamsiza ukuba ahlale ezolile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngenxa yekhono lakhe, waphinde wacelwa ukuthi asize inkambu yokwelapha abagulayo.
Lokhu kuvalelwa kwamsiza ngandlela thize ukuba abe wusizo naphezu kwezimo ayebhekene nazo, wasebenzisa ithuba lokuvalelwa ukuze azindle futhi athole uNkulunkulu. Wayeduduza ababehamba nabo ngezikhathi zobuthakathaka, lapho esebenza ekhishini wayebalethela isinkwa ngasese emasosheni, okungukuthi, uFrankl wayehlale ezama ukugcina umoya wakhe uqinile.
[su_note]Esinye sezifundo azifundiswa yilesi senzakalo ukuthi akekho ongabalekela ukuhlupheka futhi ngeke akwazi ukubalekela ukudalelwa, njengoba beyingxenye yokuphila. Kodwa bonke lobo butha abuthola bamsiza ukuba aqhubeke emile ngaphandle kokujabulisa noyedwa kubo ukumbona ehluliwe, ngenxa yalokhu wakwazi ukukhuphuka wakhetha ezinye izindlela zokuphila.[/su_note]
Kodwa umbhali uphinde utshele ukuthi labo abasala bedangele. Futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu sokuphila yibona abaphenduka onodoli kwabanamandla ukuba bagqame.
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Isigaba sesithathu
Kulesi sigaba, umbhali ulandisa ngepsychology mayelana nesiboshwa ngemuva kokukhululwa, ukuthi isimo saso sengqondo nokuziphatha kwakunjani. Futhi ngikuthatha kanjani ukukhululeka futhi.
Ngemuva kwenkululeko
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isimo sokuphumula okuphelele kwenzeka eziboshweni ngemva kokuhlala ngokukhathazeka njalo. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuzizwa kwenjabulo futhi yilapho umbhali echazela abehamba nabo ukuthi okwenzekile ukuthi konke kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka kubo futhi babesaba ukuvuka babone ukuthi bonke babephuphile.
Iziboshwa eziningi ezaziyizisulu zesihluku zazifuna ukuphinda zisikhiqize, futhi zazazi ukuthi konke ukuhlupheka okusobala kwakungeke neze kunxeshezelwe, kodwa ukubuyela ekhaya ngemva kokudlula isipiliyoni esibi kangaka kubanika umuzwa wokuthi akukho okufanele besabe. okuvela kuNkulunkulu. Lapho umuzwa kuphela ongachaza injabulo noma injabulo yokukhululeka kuyithuba lokubona umndeni wakho futhi.
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Ekuphetheni, singasho ukuthi uViktor Frankl wasifundisa ukuthi naphezu kokuphucwa inkululeko yakhe isikhathi eside ekamu lokuhlushwa, wayeyigcina injalo inkululeko yakhe engokomoya, eyayimvumela ukuba enze izinto ngesikhathi eboshiwe ayengenakuzithola. Njengoba ngenxa yokuboshwa kwavuka ngaphakathi kuye, isifiso sokusekela iziboshwa ayekanye nazo.
Njengoba naye aqaphela, ukuthi lapho sebephinde bathola inkululeko yabo, akekho noyedwa kubo owayekwazi ukujabula njengoba ezingqondweni zabo babesavalelwe umunyu ongaka, bahlukunyezwa kakhulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Okunengqondo kulolu hlobo lwesimo lapho abantu beqhubeka nokuhlupheka ngenxa yemiphumela yokuvalelwa nayo yonke into ecacile.
[su_note]Le yindaba ethakazelisa kakhulu naphezu kwezimo eziholela ekulandiseni kwayo, kodwa kukhombisa ukuthi bonke abantu, ngesinye isikhathi, kuye kwadingeka badlule ezimeni ezibuhlungu kodwa naphezu kwalokho; Banquma ukuqhubeka belondoloza isimo sabo sengqondo esihle nomoya wabo, okwenza izimo zibekezeleleke kakhudlwana.[/su_note]
Uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokufunda ngezincwadi zezincwadi ngizokushiyela isixhumanisi esilandelayo ongasivakashela abantwana behhashi.