Lapho iGreece isihlaselwe futhi iphangiwe amaRoma, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi amadolobha ayebuswa kodwa futhi athatha isiko lamaGreki, okwenza uhlobo oluthile lwaba i-mimesis (noma ikhophi) yonkulunkulu bawo, omunye wabo kwaba Zeus okwakuzakuthiwa eRoma kusukela khathesi UNkulunkulu Jupiter.
Asihlangane nonkulunkulu uJupiter
Ngokuqinisekile isiko lamaRoma lisuka ekuqaleni kwalo, cishe eminyakeni engama-700 a. C., isibonelo sokwanda nesibindi sendlela okwakuyimpi ngayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yokuza kukaKristu futhi ngisho nangemva kwalokho lapho imibono yenkolo yokwenza ubuKristu idlangile, ngaphambi kokuwa kwayo ngo-400 AD. C., ehlanganisa ngemibono yawo wonke umbuso futhi ngenxa yalokho ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba.
I-Los izinganekwane zamaRoma ezakhiwa futhi zakhiwa kabusha emakhulwini eminyaka adlule zisiholela kubalingiswa abafana nalona ozosinaka kulesi senzakalo: the unkulunkulu Jupiter, uMbusi nobukhosi obuphezulu bokuduma, umbani neziphepho, naye okuthiwa unomsebenzi wokuqondisa amadoda.
Siyazi ukuthi ngenxa yokushintshisana ngamasiko bonke onkulunkulu bamaRoma banemvelaphi yabo noma balingana nonkulunkulu wamaGreki; I-Jupiter es Zeus ngubani ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki indodana ka Chronos, unkulunkulu wesikhathi, kanye Rhea, umama emhlabeni, ngubani ezweni lamaRoma Saturn y I-Ops.
IRoma yasungulwa phakathi nendawo manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Italy izungezwe ama-monarchies amakhulu, kusukela ezinganekwaneni zayo zokusungula siqala ekuxabaneni okubhekisela esikhathini lapho amawele. I-Remo y URomulus Basungula iRoma ngemva kwalokho URomulus izobulala I-Remo. Ekuqaleni lezi zifiki zokuqala zazikholelwa ukuthi imimoya yokhokho bazo zazibabhekile futhi yingakho zagxilisa izici zenganekwane kulawo mandla angaqondakaliyo, zagcina seziwenza onkulunkulu bazo.
Onkulunkulu abathathu bokuqala ababeqashelwa amaRoma kwakungonkulunkulu I-Mars, Unkulunkulu wempi; Quirinus, ukwenziwa samuntu okufana nonkulunkulu ekuhlonipheni I-Romulus; kanye nonkulunkulu ophakeme I-Jupiter. Wayezoqhubekela phambili kulo zintathu, eze ukuzobamba igama lika I-Jupiter Optimus Maximus kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika inkathi lapho onkulunkulu abathathu abayinhloko baseRoma kwakunguye ngokwakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umkakhe wayenjalo Juni, o hera eGrisi, indlovukazi yonkulunkulu nendodakazi yakhe Minerva, unkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha.
UNkulunkulu I-Jupiter Wayeyisimo samuntu sokukhanya, nguyena owanikeza ukunqoba nomvikeli omkhulu ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa, waqanjwa ngokuthi I-Jupiter umbusi, I-Jupiter ujenene ophakeme, ongahluliwe, owinile, phakathi kwezinye izichasiso eziqhumayo ezidwebela isimilo sobuhle bayo.
Ngezikhathi zempi yayivikela abantu baseRoma futhi ngezikhathi zokuthula yayikhuthaza ukuchuma.Imifanekiso yayo ibhekwa njengomfanekiso wendoda endala egqoke itoga nentshebe ende emhlophe; Uhlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi esiphezulu futhi uphethe intonga yokhozi oluhlezi phezulu.
Noma ubani wayengashaywa umbani I-Jupiter Yingakho ayehlonishwa kangaka, elandelwa futhi esatshwa amadoda omuzi wakubo. Kodwa unkulunkulu, naphezu kwalawo mandla, wayengeke enze ukuduma kwezulu ngaphandle kokuxwayisa umuntu kahle kakhulu ngaphambi kokuphonswa kokugcina, ngaleyo ndlela emnika ithuba lokuzilungisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengeke akwenze ngaphandle kwemvume yabanye onkulunkulu.
Ezinyathelweni zempucuko yamaGreki namaRoma, inani elikhulu lolwazi olubalulekile emhlabeni ligcinwa, akukho okunye futhi akukho okuncane, masikhumbule ukuthi izazi zefilosofi ezintathu zokuqala ezifika engqondweni lapho sicabanga ngefilosofi zazihlala eGreece: USocrates, uPlato y U-Aristotle.
Ngenxa yokuvela kwabalingiswa abavelele abafana nalaba, okwathi eRoma nabo babenabalandeli babo, njengoba kwenzeka I-Plotinus, kuthakazelisa kakhulu futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ngathi ukuthi sibheke umcabango wasendulo ukuze sibone ukuthi yimiphi imibono eyabhebhethekisa umlilo wokucabanga nokudala kulesi sikhathi futhi omunye wayo ngokungangabazeki inkolo.
Umsuka wegama elithi Jupiter
Ucwaningo lwezilimi luveza ukuthi igama I-Jupiter ivela ekwakhiweni kwe-Proto-Indo-European i-dyēus-pəter- enezincazelo eziningana, kodwa ikakhulukazi uNkulunkulu ubaba ophethe isibhakabhaka, usuku kanye nalolo olukhanyayo noma olukhanya kakhulu, ngenxa yokuhlotshaniswa kwalo nokuduma noma ilanga ngokwalo.
lokhu okufanayo i-dyēus-pəter- beza ngesiSanskrit nesiJalimane (zombili izilimi zasendulo ezaveza amaHindu nesiJalimane) amagama azo ukuchaza onkulunkulu babo abaphakeme ngokuthi Dyaus o UDyaus Pita weVedas y zwaz ngokulandelana endabeni ngayinye, ngisho nangesiGreki kuvela kulo msuka wolimi newohlelo lolimi lapho igama negama livela khona: UZeyusi.
Njengoba amasiko amaningi kangaka ehlangana, kuhlanganise I-Vedic futhi i Nordic, Ngokuhlobanisa lo mbono wokuthi unkulunkulu wesibhakabhaka ungunkulunkulu ophakeme, akuyona into engavamile ukuthambekela ekucabangeni ukuthi lokhu kwakuwumbono wangempela owawuthandwa kakhulu esikweni le-proto-Indo-European.
Lokhu futhi kubonisa ukuthi unkulunkulu I-Jupiter awuzange nje uthathwe kunkulunkulu bamaGreki njengoba kwenzeka kwabanye onkulunkulu. Okusho ukuthi, aboMdabu, lokho okuzoba iYurophu namuhla, babe nokuzwela okukhulu nokunakekela lokho ababekubona esibhakabhakeni nokuthi ukunyakaza kwelanga nesimo sezulu kungenela kanjani ekuphileni kwabo, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba nombala. ezilimini zabo zasungulwa njengempucuko.
Elinye igama unkulunkulu aziwa ngalo I-Jupiter nokunye okuningi namuhla kungokukankulunkulu Injabulo (o Ngabona), ngakho uma uthola i-bibliography lapho ngikhuluma nawe ngonkulunkulu Lovi noma Young khumbula ukuthi ukhuluma kakhulu I-Jupiter.
Imisebenzi
UNkulunkulu I-Jupiter Uphethe ukuqondisa nokugcina ukulingana phakathi kwabantu, ungumbusi wezulu, futhi uphethe ukuqaphela ukuthi onkulunkulu bakubo, umfowabo namadodana, nabanye onkulunkulu benza umsebenzi wabo kahle endaweni ngayinye ethize. wokuxhumana nabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye wemisebenzi yawo ukulawula iziphepho, umbani nokuduma eMhlabeni.
Ezingeni lezombangazwe laliphinde libe nemithwalo yemfanelo emikhulu kokubili embuthweni wonkulunkulu kanye nasenhliziyweni yempilo yomuntu njengoba lalisetshenziswa njengenkomba yezinjongo eziningi zezombangazwe, lalibizwa ngokuthi. I-Jupiter Optimus Maximus okuhunyushwa kokuhle kakhulu, umsindisi, okukhulu ngakho-ke, kwakuyingxenye yendlela yabaholi yokucabanga nokwenza izinkulumo.
Kuze kuthiwe kukhona amakhosi amaRoma athi aphuphe okumele akwenze kulawo maphupho kwavela unkulunkulu. I-Jupiter ukumtshela, ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhlobo bakhe obuqondile nobulungisa babungenakuphikwa, benakekela ngokukhethekile ukuthi izifungo nezivumelwano zazigcwaliseka.
Ngisho noma umRoma efuna ukwenza isifungo, wayesibeka egameni likankulunkulu I-Jupiter o Mncane, ngalokho wakhulelisa ukwethembeka nokuqiniseka ukuthi uzokwenza lokho ayekushilo ngoba kuwukuhlonipha ophakeme, ngaphandle kwalokho angajeziswa.
Ngaphezu kobulungisa bangaphakathi, kuthiwa ungumvikeli omkhulu wemingcele yeRoma nobudlelwano bayo bamazwe ngamazwe, ngokusho kwegama lakhe lesibili nelesithathu esingalithola: unkulunkulu. I-Jupiter Teminalus, ukuthi wayephethe ukuvikela isimo sezwe; noma kunkulunkulu Jupiter Victor, eyanikeza ukunqoba empini futhi yasiza ngisho nokuthwala impango yezindawo ezihlukahlukene ezazihlaselwe. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho umkhumbi wamasosha ufika unqobile uvela enkundleni yempi, kwakufanele baqiniseke ukuthi bayadlula ethempelini noma enhloko-dolobha kankulunkulu. I-Jupiter.
Njengoba sibona, isiyalo nenhlonipho ngalo nkulunkulu bekukukhulu, amasosha awazange ayeke ukudlula ebonga unkulunkulu wawo omkhulu. I-Jupiter ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi omunye; osopolitiki baze baphupha ngaye futhi babe naye njengomqondisi ezinqumweni zabo ezinzima kakhulu futhi abantu abavamile bafunga egameni lakhe. Wayehlala njalo empilweni yamaRoma, unkulunkulu ongumsindisi, unkulunkulu ophakeme, unkulunkulu. I-Jupiter.
I-Jupiter enkolweni yamaRoma
Isiko lamaRoma lihlanganyela izici eziningi namanye amasiko, njengokuthi basuka ekubeni nonkulunkulu abaningi baba noyedwa kuphela, okungukuthi, ama-Indo-Europeans, babe nalokho kuthakaseleka kwenkolo eyayichaza yonke into kusukela ekuphumeni kwelanga ekuseni. , laze lashona ilanga nomgudu owawushiya uye enyangeni.
Lawa kwakungamahlelo noma imiphakathi lapho onkulunkulu bevikela wonke amalungu abo futhi kwakukhona unkulunkulu noma unkulunkulukazi othile engxenyeni ngayinye yokuphila, njengokuzala, uthando, ulwandle, impi kanye nesibhakabhaka ummeleli wakhe wayengophakeme, phakathi kwabanye onkulunkulu.
Kumanje ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo yombuso kwenzeka, njengoba sesibonile kwezinye izimpucuko esezakhiwe, ukuthi uhlelo lwezenkolo lwaluhlangene kakhulu nepolitiki kangangoba kungathiwa yaze yawubeka esimweni, ngoba osopolitiki bamaRoma. bathatha izinqumo zabo ngokuqonda abakuchazayo, noma kwafika kubo ngokushilo onkulunkulu. Lokhu kwenzeka kokubili kwezombusazwe nge "capital p", okungukuthi, leyo esebenza kubo bonke abantu, kanye nasezindaweni zomuntu siqu.
Kodwa lelo cebo lokuncika ezimpendulweni zonkulunkulu lalizofika kuze kube Theodosius, ngonyaka ka-380 AD, ubuKristu babeka inkolo yobuKristu njengenkolo esemthethweni yoMbuso WaseRoma, ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona izinguquko eziningana kusukela umbono wenkolo uyeka ukuba ngumphakathi futhi waba umuntu ngamunye.
Umbhalo othize awaziwa kubo, amasiko nemithandazo yabo yayinolwazi oluthe xaxa futhi ababethulisa noma bagwema ulaka lonkulunkulu. Into esondele kakhulu embhalweni wezenkolo bekungaba Pax of the gods owaziwa nangokuthi uPIzembe laseRoma, isivumelwano abafeza ngaso ukuzibophezela kanye nekhodi yokuphila ngokuthula ngemuva kweminyango yombuso.
Umbono wamaRoma mayelana nenkolo yabantu ababebanqoba, masikhumbule ukuthi babewumbuso wokwandisa, kwakuwukubekezelela izethulo zabanye, kodwa hhayi ukuthatha izibalo ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa (icala elikhethekile iGreece) ukuqhubeka nokuba khona. uthembekile ku-polygenic pantheon yakhe. Nokho, lapho nje bebona inzalo entsha yenkolo endaweni yabo eyayingase ibenze buthaka, baqina kakhulu kuyo.
Lena indaba yokushushiswa kwamaJuda namaKristu okwakwenziwa uNero, owayenobudlova kangangokuthi waze wabulala nonina. AmaKristu namaJuda kwakudingeka benze amasiko abo acashe kakhulu ezindlini zamasosha noma emigodini ukuze umbusi namabutho akhe angabaqothuli, into exakayo ukuthi lapho bekhula njengehlelo, kulapho lalimelela khona ingozi eyengeziwe. kodwa baqhubeka bekhula baze baba ngamaKrestu enkolweni yaseRoma.
Kwaba njalo, amaRoma ayeyivikela kakhulu imibono yawo yenkolo yonkulunkulu abaningi esikhathini esiningi sokuphila kombuso, kwaze kwaba yilapho umbusi eshintsha imithetho yomdlalo futhi nakuba lokhu kwakungekona nje ngoba ebona ukuthi abantu bakhe babethambekele ekulandeleni. Jesús kodwa futhi imele isinyathelo esihle sezombangazwe, ngaleyo ndlela kwavela ushintsho lwenkambo lapho unkulunkulu I-Jupiter yayeka ukuhlonishwa ngobuningi ukuze ibe ipharadigm yobuKristu.
ithempeli laseRoma
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi umbuso waguqulwa futhi ekugcineni wanyamalala, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi amaRoma ayengabakhi abakhulu, abadwebi bezakhiwo kanye nonjiniyela okwathi kusukela emathempelini kuya ezindlini zamatshe kanye nemisele yamanzi namabhati, abazange bayeke ukumangala ngesikhathi sabo. Sekukhona namapayipi aseRoma asasebenza ungawababazi kanjani?
Lokhu kuyindaba yesibonelo esilandelayo nesinethuba, nakuba unkulunkulu I-Jupiter akahlonishwa ngobuningi, akabutheli amahlelo noma enze imihlatshelo, ithempeli lakhe lisekhona futhi lisegqumeni. I-Capitoline, yaqedwa cishe ngonyaka wama-509 a. C. futhi uhlanganyela nomkakhe unkulunkulukazi indlovukazi yonkulunkulu Juno Nendodakazi yakho UMinerva.
Njengamanje ethempelini likankulunkulu I-Jupiter singathola isithombe esiqoshiwe esikhulu sikankulunkulu ongumsindisi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nezincwadi eziyisishiyagalolunye ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-sibylline equkethe izibikezelo zesizwe okwathintwa ngazo ngezikhathi zempi nezinhlekelele kuphela. Leli thempeli likhulu kunawo wonke eRoma ngesikhathi salo futhi laliyindawo yokugcina yodwendwe lojenene abanqoba izimpi ngosizo lwamabutho. I-Jupiter Invictus, okungelinye lamagama aziwa ngawo.
UNkulunkulu I-Jupiter Invictus, Víctor, Umlingisi y Onqobayo wonke amagama esibili anezelwa kunkulunkulu ukuze amphakamise nakakhulu futhi ayizinsalela zalolo thando nokubonga okungabonakala ethempelini. Kubizwe izidwendwe ebesibhekene nazo Ukunqoba eRoma futhi ayehlanganisa ukuthi lapho efika embusweni, ibutho liya kuqala ethempelini liyobonga ukunqoba, impango futhi lishiye iminikelo.
Isakhiwo saloludwendwe sasimi kanje: phambi kukajenene, embethe ingubo ebubende, nentonga yobukhosi esandleni sakhe sokunene, egibele enqoleni yethusi edonswa amahhashi amhlophe; kulandelwa izakhamuzi, eziboshwe ngamaketanga noma eziboshwe zempi, ezafika zaba yizigqila, nebutho lakhe lonke ngobuningi balo mholi okuyothi lapho efika ethempelini enze umhlatshelo ongase ube ngesinye seziboshwa, amshiye ingxenye. kusukela empangweni yakho kuya I-Jupiter futhi wambonga ngosizo empini.
Kodwa njengoba sithola lo nkulunkulu uJupiter ehlotshaniswa nezindaba zempi nempi, lokhu akusho ukuthi wayengunkulunkulu onobudlova kuphela, ezindaweni futhi zenkulumompikiswano, kodwa ecwengisiswe kakhulu njengenhlangano noma iSenethi, izinqumo azizange zenziwe ngaphambili. ukuze athole isibusiso sakhe futhi yingakho aqashelwa futhi njengonkulunkulu oyisijeziso wokwenza okubi.
Nakuba futhi ngokuthula noma Pax URoman wayekhona kakhulu ngoba lonkulunkulu nguye owayegubha imidlalo emikhulu eyayiseRome, the Ludi Romany September, inguqulo yabo yama-Olympics. Zazibukwa, zadlalwa, zaqondiswa futhi zenziwa ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu ongumsindisi, obabazekayo, unkulunkulu. UVictor Jupiter.
Ukwehla kukankulunkulu wokuduma
Kodwa kwakungeyona yonke into eyayimnandi, unkulunkulu I-Jupiter, ngaphambi kokusungulwa kobuKristu wabuye wabhekana nezithiyo ezithile lapho umbono wakhe wawuphelelwe yisikhathi ngabaphikisi, izinselele nezinselele ezihlukahlukene. Njengoba nje emlandweni sithola ababusi abamphakamisa kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuba abapristi bakhe siqu, njengoba kwenzeka ngo UJulius Khesari, sithola nabanye abesabisa inkolo yakhe njengesibonelo esicacile se i-elagabalus.
elagabal Kwakuwunkulunkulu wamaSiriya umbusi, owayenegama elifanayo, ayemkhulekela futhi wayefuna ukumisa inkolo yakhe eRoma, aze amakhele ithempeli futhi alethe itshe elivela eSiriya elalimmelela. i-elagabalus umnyakazo wonke waqala nxazonke lolu uphawu ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokufika Alexander Severus njengoba umbusi omusha wanyamalala, kusukela Kakhulu Elandela ubizo lwabantu baseRoma, wabuyisela inkolo kankulunkulu I-Jupiter walibuyisela itshe endaweni yalo, okungukuthi, eSiriya.
Ku-parenthesis encane futhi sithatha ithuba lokuthi besilokhu sibhekene nezihloko ezimayelana nezinye izizwe, kungenzeka ukuthi nawe unentshisekelo yokufunda ngezinganekwane zaseNdiya, yingakho sikumema ukuthi ufunde mayelana onkulunkulu bobuddhism.
Phakathi kwabanye mhlawumbe njengehaba njengombusi UCaligula ababethi ungunkulunkulu ophilayo omelela ukuthambekela okwandayo kokuba ababusi bazibize ngokuthi bangonkulunkulu noma bakholelwe ukuthi bayinzalo yonkulunkulu njengonkulunkulu I-Jupiter, icala le Galba
Nokho, akhona amacala anjengombusi I-Augusto owayengafuni ukubhekwa njengonkulunkulu, kodwa ukukhulekelwa kombusi njengoyedwa kwabonakala kuthandwa kakhulu futhi ekugcineni wakulahla. Nakuba abanye ababusi kuwo wonke umlando babonakala bewujabulele umqondo wehlelo lobuntu.
Lapho ubheka umbusi njengonkulunkulu, ukunaka konkulunkulu futhi ikakhulukazi unkulunkulu I-Jupiter, Bahamba ngokohlelo. Kulolu hlelo lwemibono, elinye ihlelo elifaka amagilavu phambi kwalelo likankulunkulu I-Jupiter wayephuma I-Sun Invictus, umholi wamasosha. Kodwa kusukela kulo mbono I-Jupiter usindiswa umbusi UDiocletian.
Okunye ukumangalelwa noma ukumangalelwa kukude ngisho nangesikhathi soMbuso WamaRoma futhi kunjalo naseNkathini Ephakathi, lapho izazi zefilosofi nabefundisi bobuKristu, njengoba zazinjalo. ISt. Augustine babhala ngonkulunkulu I-Jupiter, hhayi nje ukusho ukuthi akakwazanga ukuvikela abantu baseRoma kodwa nokuthi wayekade eyisiphingi ngakho-ke isibonelo esibi okufanele sisilandele.
Manje lowo mlando usudlulile futhi usunamandla I-Jupiter ngaphezu kwakho konke ingxenye yenganekwane esiyifunda ezincwadini, kanye namanye amagama afana nalawa Venus, Mars, Saturn nokuthi manje asehlotshaniswa namaplanethi kunonkulunkulu.
Kodwa-ke, asikwazi ukusiza kodwa sikhumbule ukuthi lesi kwakuyisibalo, mhlawumbe i-archetypal uma silandela Jung, eyagcwalisa isixuku esikhulu ngobungqabavu izinkulungwane zeminyaka nokuthi ekunqobeni noma ekunqotshweni, yasebenza njengento enhle nenhlekele yokwenza amaqhawe amaningi aqhubeke ethuthuka.
Ifa lakhe
Iningi leminonjana yalo kulo mhlaba isalokhu iwulimi lwesigodi, lokhu kusobala uma singawubheki umfutho owawuwumele kubantu baseRoma ngesikhathi saso, imishwana eyayisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela ezinkantolo nasezinkantolo zamaRoma, njengoba kwenzeka inkulumo ethi « by Injabulo»okungelinye lamagama aqanjwa ngaye.
Futhi qagela ukuthi igama elithi jovial livelaphi, kuhle, limane nje lithathelwe elidala Injabulo futhi, ngempela, impilo yakho izoshintsha okungenani kancane wazi ukuthi ngokubhala ikhathalogi yomuntu ojabulayo, ojabulisayo nonomdlandla njengojaha futhi umtshela ngokwengxenye ukuthi unokuthile I-Jupiter, into eqinile nento eyiqhawe. Ngifisa sengathi amagama anencazelo eyodwa kuphela, kodwa cha, siphila emhlabeni we-polysemic.
Esinye isibonelo esihle sefa uNkulunkulu asishiyela lona I-Jupiter ukuthi igama lakhe lasetshenziswa ukuqamba iplanethi yesihlanu yesimiso sonozungezilanga, lapho izifundo zomlando nesayensi yezinkanyezi sezithuthuke kangangokuthi kwatholakala ukuthi siyingxenye yesimiso samaplanethi. Kakhulu I-Jupiter njengoba Venus, NgoLwesibili y Saturn Bangamaplanethi athola amagama onkulunkulu bamaRoma, ngisho iNyanga neLanga nazo ziyizinkanyezi ezathola amagama azo ngalezi zikhathi.
Lesi yisigameko esisaqhubeka nokusibona namuhla esibonakala sivamile emphakathini wesayensi, okuwukuqamba izinto abazithole ngokwemvelo kusetshenziswa izinkomba zesikhathi esidlule samaGreki namaRoma. I-Jupiter Iphinde ibe nalelo gama ngoba ingumkhathi omkhulu kunawo wonke ohlelweni.
Futhi uma lokho bekungenele, uyazi ukuthi igama elithi ngoLwesine livelaphi, i-jeudi ngesiFulentshi noma i-giovedi ngesi-Italian? Nokho, kusukela kuleli thonya, uma unoLwesine olujabulisayo, ngokuqinisekile uyakweleta i-Jupiter noma mhlawumbe I-Jupiter?
umlingani wakho
Sesivele sibhekise kumabhangqa awo Zeus ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, bobabili bangonkulunkulu bokuduma futhi bobabili behla emandleni okuqala angaphezulu ngisho nangaphezu kwawo, kodwa lawo angaqondisi ukudalelwa kwabantu kodwa akushiya ezandleni zamadodana abo, onkulunkulu. Kodwa, ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi enye ingeyezinganekwane zamaGreki kanti enye ingeyezinganekwane zamaRoma, zihluke kanjani?
Omunye umehluko omkhulu esiwutholile phakathi Zeus y I-Jupiter ibanga noma ukusondelana ababenakho maqondana nabantu, Zeus njalo wehla kusukela Olimpo futhi wahlangana namadoda ngokuzifihla okuhlukile noma ukuthatha amafomu amasha.
Esikhundleni salokho I-Jupiter wayengavami ukuphuma esibhakabhakeni, wayebusa esekuphakameni njengophakeme, elalela, enakekela, eshiseka futhi evikela uMhlaba nabantu kodwa akazange ahlanganyele nabo ngaphandle kwezindaba zempi noma ukugunyaza noma ukuphika izinqumo ezazithathwa. okuhunyushwa abantu sibyls.
Omunye umehluko ophawulekayo uzungeza umbono wekusasa, okuyinto ezweni lamaGreki nesiLatini uhlobo lombono olumane nje, njengoba sibona ezibonelweni ezifana nedrama ye I-Oedipus. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungase kubonakale kungenangqondo kangakanani kithi Zeus kwaba ngaphansi kwalezo ziphetho lapho ukudalelwa kusithatha khona isikhathi I-Jupiter liphakeme ngisho naphezu kwalokhu, futhi aliyibusi impilo yakhe noma izenzo azenzayo nabantu ngenxa yabo noma ngokumelene nabo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwemibandela yokufana, bobabili unkulunkulu wamaGreki Zeus njengontanga yakhe yaseRoma I-Jupiter, ngoba bobabili babethandana nodadewabo baze bashada futhi bathola izingane ababezithanda baze baba ngabalandeli babo; ngokufanayo, ayenamandla kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zawo; babenamandla okuthatha isimo noma umfanekiso wanoma yini ababeyifuna, noma ngabe isilwane, umuntu, noma omunye unkulunkulu; phakathi kokunye ukuqondana.
ubaba kankulunkulu I-Jupiter
Bhekisela kumuntu njengobaba UNkulunkulu kuyadida kancane ngokombono wobuKristu basentshonalanga, singathi ungubaba Jesús futhi kuyini UNkulunkulu empeleni kungumdali lapho kuvela khona yonke into; kodwa kumaRoma kwakungenjalo, ngoba kwakukhona uhlobo lomuthi wozalo lukankulunkulu lapho sibathola khona bonke naphakathi kwabo. Saturn o Cronos enganekwaneni yamaGreki.
Ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma kuthiwa Saturn unkulunkulu omele ezolimo kanye Eshu unkulunkulukazi wenzalo omele (ngokwesibonelo, ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki wayengunina kankulunkulu wesikhathi), babenezingane eziningana phakathi kwabo unkulunkulu wombani unkulunkulu. I-Jupiter kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi ufike kukho, Saturn wayebadlile abantwana bakhe bakudala ngoba kwakunesiprofetho esasithi omunye wabo wayezomehlisa esikhundleni ngalokho mhla kuzalwa unkulunkulu wokuduma kwezulu. Eshu wacasha.
Saturn Kunalokho, wagubuzela itshe njengokungathi unkulunkulu osanda kuzalwa futhi wahlala ezolile ekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wawusuwenzile, kodwa isiphetho sasihlukile, abantwana Saturn bazikhoselisa ngesisu kungathi ijele eliphilayo bangakwazi ukwenza lutho ukuthi baphume sebeyiziboshwa yize base bekhulile.
Kusukela ezigcawini zezinganekwane ezihlaba umxhwele njengalezi sinemidwebo eyingqayizivele eyenziwe kuwo wonke umlando, njengoba kwenzeka USaturn edla indodana yakhe de Goya.
Saturn Ngemva kokulidla itshe, waqala ukubonisa izimpawu zohlobo lokungagayeki kahle okwambangela ukuba ahlanze itshe kanye nabanye abantwana bakhe ayebadlile ngaphambili, ngemva kwalokhu nangokubonga kwabafowabo, I-Jupiter Waba unkulunkulu wonkulunkulu futhi wabusa isihlalo sobukhosi emhlabeni.
Lokhu kulandelana kwezihlalo zobukhosi kwenzeka kaningi emlandweni ngoba kwaze kwafika isikhathi Saturn owehlisa uyise esihlalweni Caelus, Uranus Enganekwaneni yamaGreki, ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, lo owayengubaba ocindezelayo wachithwa yindodana yakhe egunyeni lomhlaba kwase kwenzeka okufanayo nakulona omunye ngendodana yakhe unkulunkulu. I-Jupiter.
Onkulunkulu abahlobene noVenus noJupiter
Kungani ISt. Augustine washo lokho? futhi kungani ukhomba I-Jupiter njengesiphingi? Siyazi ukuthi umkakhe osemthethweni wayenjalo Juno ayenaye Minerva kodwa uhlu lwezibopho zangaphandle lude, silusho ngezansi:
- cunt I-Maia bekumele IMercury, unkulunkulu wezohwebo.
- Okulandelayo UDione wazala Venus unkulunkulukazi wothando.
- cunt Ceres a I-Proserpine, unkulunkulukazi wentwasahlobo.
- exhumene ne Diana waba nendodana nendodakazi, unkulunkulu welanga Apollo y Diana unkulunkulukazi wenyanga
- nababulalayo Selene bekumele I-Baco unkulunkulu wewayini Kungashiwo ukuthi lesi kwakungesinye sezikhathi ezimbalwa lapho esebenzelana khona nabantu, ngale kwezombusazwe noma ezempi.
Lezi ezinye nje zobudlelwane ngaphandle komshado unkulunkulu ayenabo I-Jupiter, nokho, singathola ezinye izixhumanisi eziningi nabanye onkulunkulukazi ngisho nabantu ezenzeka ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma kodwa ezingagqama kakhulu njengalezo ezibaliwe.
I-Jupiter izingane
Ungawudlulisela kanjani wonke lowo mlando onamandla, ojabulisayo nowempi ezinganeni? Nokho, ngezinguqulo zabo singathola izindaba noma amamuvi, mhlawumbe njenge Hercules, okusivumela ukuthi sikhulume ngendaba yezinganekwane zamaGreki namaRoma nabancane, noma kunjalo, sicabanga ngale nhloso esikulethela yona ngokulandelayo, ukuhunyushwa kabusha kwenganekwane ye Jupiter, Juno kanye no-Io.
Ngesinye isikhathi I-Jupiter wayedinwe kakhulu laphaya phezulu esibhakabhakeni wangabe esathola okumele akwenze, wacabanga ukuvakashela omunye wabafowabo. Neptune, owabanika igunya lolwandle, noma Pluto, owaphiwa abaphansi, kodwa iqiniso laliwukuthi wayengafuni ukuthatha isimo sengwane ukuze abhukude kuye. Neptune y Pluto wayedangele kakhulu engumfo ukuba ayombona ngeSonto ekuseni.
I-Jupiter, njengoba singasho namuhla, "wayenwaya isisu sakhe," phakathi Pax Akabange esathola ukuthi enzeni ngoba zazingekho izinqumo ezibalulekile ayezozithatha, njengoba abantu babephumule futhi akekho omunye unkulunkulu owayemnike isizathu salokho. Bengicabanga ukufuna Juno kodwa wayematasa ehleba iseluleko ngomshado wabo ezindlebeni zabesifazane abashadile ngakho wayengakwazi ukuchitha isikhathi naye I-Jupiter.
Enye yezinto ayezilibazisa ngazo yayiwukuthi lapho ebona abantu abambalwa behamba ensimini, wabeka izwi lakhe phakathi kwabo, okwathi ngendlela unkulunkulu enza kahle kakhulu ngayo, ngamazwi athi «Ngizwe isilima!» Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho laba ababili babonana futhi ngaphambi kokusho izwi base belwa, lokhu kwamhlekisa kakhulu unkulunkulu owathi, ehleka ezulwini ngenxa yokufeza injongo yakhe, wazijabulisa isikhathi eside.
Kodwa anganeliseki ngalokho I-Jupiter Waqhubeka nokubuka izwe neRoma esesihlalweni sakhe sobukhosi waze wathola inyonu yamanzi enhle emfuleni okuthiwa Io futhi ukuze amenze anyukele ezulwini wenza ukuba kudalwe ungqimba oluminyene lwamafu ayengaba kulo ngenkathi esesezulwini, kodwa lokhu kuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu kwadonsa ukunaka kuka Juno wahle wahamba wayobona ukuthi kwenzakalani.
Nini Juno wafika wabona I-Jupiter emi eduze kwenkomo encane enhle futhi ephindaphinda ukuthi akazi ukuthi leyo nkomo yafika kanjani lapho. Juno akazange awe, ngangikwazi lokho I-Jupiter Wayesephendule inyozi inkomo, futhi ngeqhinga lezempi elicishe libukhali njengelomyeni wakhe, wacela ukuthi angayifuya yini leyo nkomo "enhle". I-Jupiter akakwazanga ukwenqaba futhi Juno beka inkomo emlindini.
UJupiter uhlele isu lokonga bheka, futhi ngenhlanhla ngoba wayengeke akwazi ukukwenza, okwakuhlanganisa lokho ngosizo lwendodana yakhe Apollo Bengizombuyisela emfuleni wakhe kodwa Apollo wayifeza, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa, kwaze kwaba phakathi nenkathi eshiya inkomo emseleni wamanzi hhayi inyongo, okungukuthi, akazange ayibuyisele esimweni sayo sokuqala.
Nini Juno wabona ukuthi inkomo ayizange ithunyelwe impukane elumayo futhi lempukane yajaha Io igudla umfula ize iyofika entubeni yolwandle, inkomo yamemeza ethi «mho moo» waqhubeka ebaleka waze washintsha indlela wafika eGibhithe lapho Juno aqhamuke amguqule umhlane abe yinyoni, amtshele ukuthi uzothola indoda anyamalale eshiya abampofu Io ngiyodwa kuleyondawo edabukisayo yenyoni yomfula.
Into yokugcina eyaziwayo ukuthi Io Wabhukuda wabuyela eRoma, kodwa ayikho imininingwane eminingi ngendlela akwenze ngayo, uma uzithandile lezi zindaba, izinganekwane nemikhondo, siyakumema ukuthi uqhubeke usifunde ezihlokweni ezifana nalesi esimayelana nesithunywa. unkulunkulu hermes.