El unkulunkulu hermes, livela ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki njengonkulunkulu oyisithunywa wase-Olympus. Kuthiwa wayeyindodana kankulunkulu Zeus Eduze kwe- U-Pleiad Maia. Ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma, uchazwa njengonkulunkulu I-Mercury. Waziwa nangokuthi unkulunkulu wezohwebo, usanta ongumvikeli wabahwebi, unkulunkulu wabahambi ngisho onobuqili nabaqambimanga.
unkulunkulu hermes
Lo nkulunkulu, ngaphakathi kwezinganekwane, wayengunkulunkulu wabahambi ababewela imingcele, kodwa futhi wayaziwa ngobuhlakani bakhe obukhulu, yingakho aqokwa njengonkulunkulu we-mercantilism. Ngendlela efanayo, ngenxa yesici sobuntu bakhe, wabizwa ngokuthi unkulunkulu wobuqili, abaqambimanga namasela.
Igama layo lisuselwa kuthemu "dadewethu", okuyigama lomsuka wesiGreki, incazelo yalo ithi "ikhanda". Ngaphakathi kwezinganekwane zamaRoma, unkulunkulu Hermes wabizwa K Es Es Escha! Escha Escha! Escha Escha! Escha!. Ezinye iziqu nazo zanikezwa kuye, isibonelo, unkulunkulu wamaGreki wesayensi, imigwaqo nemigwaqo emikhulu, ezemidlalo nabasubathi.
indodana kankulunkulu Zeus futhi i U-Pleiad Maia, Hermes wayengumncane wesibili konkulunkulu bama-Olympian, engowokuqala UDionisio. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwazo zonke izindima zakhe, evelele kakhulu njengenxusa noma isithunywa sonkulunkulu base-Olympus, ikakhulukazi uyise. UZeyusi.
Hermes Wabuye waqanjwa kwezinye izinganekwane nezinganekwane ngokuthi "umkhohlisi waphezulu", njengoba kuthiwa uklolodela onkulunkulu ukuze azijabulele yena, noma kwezinye izimo, lapho engenela ngenxa yenzuzo yesintu.
Ubizwe ngosanta ongumvikeli wabelusi, izithunywa ngisho namathuna, ngenxa yencazelo yegama lakhe exhunywe neqoqo lamatshe. Ku unkulunkulu uHermes, ngokuvamile ubonakala ehamba ngokukhululeka phakathi kwezwe labantu abafayo kanye nelabonkulunkulu, ephethe ukuyisa imiphefumulo yabashonile ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa.
Ngokuqondene nezimfanelo zabo nezimpawu, izilwane ezifana ne-turtle neqhude zingafakwa, kanye nezingubo zabo ezihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhwama, isici sezithunywa ezineposi; izimbadada ezinamaphiko egolide, nesigqoko noma isigqoko, futhi namaphiko egolide.
Ngokuqondene nophawu lwayo oluyinhloko, lena yi- i-kerykeion IsiGreki, noma ebizwa nangokuthi caduceus IsiLatini, induku yegolide esesimweni sentonga, esesimweni sezinyoka ezimbili ezisongelwe phezu komhlanga noma udondolo olunamaphiko, lapho kuqoshwe khona onkulunkulu base-Olympus. Uma unentshisekelo yokuhlangana nabanye onkulunkulu, ungafunda futhi mayelana Izinkuni Nymphs
Indaba yakhe
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, Hermes unkulunkulu wayeyindodana ka UZeyusi, kwabizwa induna yonkulunkulu base-Olympus nonina Maya, enye ye izinkulungwane, ndodakazi kankulunkulu Atlas. Kunezindaba ezithile lapho kuthiwa wazalelwa khona emgedeni osentabeni I-Cylenee Arcadia, kuyilapho, kweminye imibhalo yezinganekwane zamaGreki, kuboniswa ukuthi wazalelwa e-Olympus.
Njengoba esanda kuzalwa wayengahlaliseki kakhulu, futhi eqinisweni, endabeni yakhe i-anecdote ichazwa lapho ngemva kwamahora ambalwa nje ephila, weqa embhedeni wakhe waya Pieria, isimo esivela ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki okusaxoxwa ngendawo yawo ngqo I-Akhaya noma iThessaly,lapho entshontshe khona izinkabi kunkulunkulu Apollo.
Kusuka lapho kufika ukuxhumana kwakhe namasela, kusukela unkulunkulu Hermes uye wabonakala njengesela elinobuqili kakhulu. Zikhona nezinye izinhlobo zalesi siqephu empilweni yakhe, ezikhuluma ngokwebiwa kwezinkomo, kodwa kuthiwa Hermes wayesekhulile kancane.
Hermes, wafaka izimbadada zakhe ezinamaphiko ukuze angashiyi umkhondo wezinyathelo zakhe futhi abonakale, ehola izinkabi ngase. IPylos, itheku, lapho abulala khona izilwane ezimbili kanti zonke ezinye, evalelwe emhumeni. Izilwane ezifile zazinikelwa njengemihlatshelo konkulunkulu base-Olympus, yingakho cishe waqanjwa ngokuthi “umqambi wokukhulekela nokuhlatshelwa kwaphezulu”.
Wadla inyama yezilwane futhi wabethela isikhumba edwaleni, washisa izinsalela zesilwane. Kuthiwa ngemuva kwalesi siqephu, Hermes Ngokushesha uNkulunkulu wabuyela emzini wase I-Cylene, lapho efika emnyango womhume wakhe, wazithola ephethe ufudu.
Ngegobolondo laleso silwane, Hermes waqinisa izintambo, kanjalo wasungula ihabhu nomnyuziyamu. Izintambo zensimbi ethuthukisiwe zazenziwa ngamathumbu emvu namathumbu enkabi. Kunemibhalo lapho bekhomba khona ukuthi bebebathathu kanti kweminye kuthiwa bebeyisikhombisa sebephelele.
UNkulunkulu Apollo ngathola ukuthi bekuyini Hermes owayethathe izinkabi zakhe ngenxa yamandla akhe okuprofetha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, wahamba waya I-Cylenenaphambi kukanina Maya,asole usana. Wamkhombisa Apollo ukuthi umntwana wayesesiswini sakhe, kodwa wamthatha wamletha phambi kukankulunkulu Zeus, befuna kubuyiswe izilwane zabo.
Zeus wayala indodana yakhe ukuthi ihambisane nezidingo ze Apollo, kodwa diOS Hermes Uphikile ukuthi uzenzile lezi zenzo. Ngenxa yodumo lwakhe njengomqambimanga, Apollo Akayikholwanga indaba yakhe, akabanga nayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokumyisa emhumeni lapho ayevalele khona izinkabi.
Lapho sifika e Pylos, uHermes wabuyisela izilwane ku Apollo, kodwa lapho ezwa umsindo wezwi lira, wahlala sengathi uloywe, emvumela ukuba agcine izinkomo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, bobabili onkulunkulu basungula ubungane futhi kwakuyisikhathi lapho Hermes wasungula i isipetu, insimbi yomculo efana nomtshingo, enamashubhu ayisishiyagalolunye futhi eyenziwe ngomhlanga ongenalutho.
Njengophawu lobungane bakhe, unkulunkulu Apollo wanikela unkulunkulu Hermes induku yakhe yomalusi wegolide, abuye aziwe ngayo ngokuthi ungumvikeli wabelusi, ephinde amfundise ubuciko bokuprofetha ngokusebenzisa amadayisi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyise, unkulunkulu UZeyusi, Wamqamba igama lokuthi uMeluleki wakhe, nabanye onkulunkulu base-Olympus. Futhi, nayo, yavumelana Hermes, afeze umsebenzi wokuvikela imfuyo namadlelo.
Izici
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezichazayo hermes unkulunkulu Kungukuthi, ngaphezu kokuba yisithunywa sonkulunkulu, ikhono lakhe lokukhohlisa nokuthi ungowokuqala konkulunkulu abamelela inhlalakahle yabantu abafayo, abe abazuzi babo.
Emibhalweni eminingana yemibhalo, uqanjwe njengonkulunkulu ongumgadi nomqondisi, isithunywa esiletha izindaba ezinhle, kodwa futhi, owenza amaqhinga amahle kakhulu. Kuthiwa ngesikhathi sempi Troy, the unkulunkulu uHermes Wayengumeluleki waphezulu webutho lamaGreki.
Phezu kwalokhu kuthiwa ungenelele iziqephu eziningi njengokutakulwa kuka Ares ngenkathi eyisiboshwa nesiboshwa Ephialtes kanye Otus, amadodana omdondoshiya UPoseidon, emkhunjini wethusi; noma ngenkathi evikela I-Priam, Inkosi ye Troy, izikhathi angena ngazo endaweni yamaGreki, efuna isidumbu sendodana yakhe I-Héctor. Kuthiwa naye wamphelezela wabuyela kubo Troy.
Phakathi kokunye ukulandisa kwemibhalo kuyachazwa Hermes exwayisa umzukulu wakhe Odysseus mayelana neqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yamandla kankulunkulu wamaRoma Ceres, abangane bakhe base bephendulwe izilwane futhi ukuze azivikele ekulobeni, kwakudingeka ahlafune isihlahla esinamandla emilingo.
Ngendlela efanayo, umsebenzi onikezwe wona Hermes njengalowo oholela imiphefumulo ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa, lapho kuchazwa isiteji emlandweni lapho iqhawe Odysseus wabulala wonke umuntu owayezama ukuyenga umkakhe, futhi kwaba Hermes owayephethe ukuletha yonke leyo miphefumulo ngaphambili IHayidese, unkulunkulu wokufa kanye nenkosi yase-Underworld.
Ezinye izici zayo zembulwa lapho unkulunkulu Zeus oda ukudalwa kwe I-Pandora, njengesijeziso sesintu ngemva kokungamlaleli lapho unkulunkulu I-Prometeo Wakhombisa umlilo kumuntu. Kuthiwa ngamunye unkulunkulu kwadingeka alethe isipho, nokuthi of Hermes Kwakungamazwi akhangayo namanga, ngakho wayebonakala engumqambimanga.
Ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene ezikude zaseGreece, kwakukhokhelwa inkolo ekhethekile unkulunkulu IHermesi, okwabangela ukuqokwa kwakhe njengonkulunkulu wemvelo, abelusi nabalimi. Wayephakathi konkulunkulu base-Olympus, unkulunkulu owayenezimfanelo zemilingo, ukubhula nokulumba, okwakuhlobene nezenzo zokuthwasa nemihlatshelo.
Wayenamandla okuba sezindizeni zasemhlabeni nezasezulwini, yingakho athatha indima yokuba umlamuleli phakathi kwamazwe amabili, lowo obonakalayo nongabonwayo, eqinisekisa indima yakhe njengesithunywa. Futhi ngisho, wayebhekwa njengengcweti yalo lonke ulwazi oluyimfihlo nokuhlakanipha, okwakungase kubonakale ngomkhuba wakhe ukuhlukana nenkolo.
Waqanjwa ngokuthi unkulunkulu wobudlelwane bomphakathi ngenxa yeqiniso lokuthi wathinteka kakhulu, nangenxa yobuqili bakhe, unkulunkulu wezohwebo nokunothisa okungalindelekile. Ngenxa yokulungisa kwakhe izinkomo nezinkabi, ngemuva kwesiqephu sokugetshengwa Apollo, wabhapathizwa njengosanta ongumvikeli wamasela nezinkomo, kodwa futhi nokuzala komhlaba, ama-raffles kanye nenhlanhla.
Ngaphezu kokukhonza njengesithunywa sikayise, unkulunkulu Zeusnokuletha imiphefumulo phambi kukankulunkulu IHayidese,wamnika amaphupho Zeus kwabafayo, njengomxhumanisi. Njengesithunywa nomeluleki kunkulunkulu base-Olympus. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, Hermes wayedinga ukuzindla okuningi, ngakho wayenendawo ayeyithanda kakhulu yokuzindla, iNtaba cyllene edolobheni lase Arcadia, indawo yakhe yokuzalwa.
Ngokusho kwamarekhodi ezinganekwane, I-Lycaon, inkosi yase-Arkadiya, yiyona eyayala ukwakhiwa kwethempeli lokuqala lapho ayekhulekelwa khona, esuka lapho asuka waya kwezinye izifunda nemizi efana ne-Athene wase eya kulo lonke elaseGrisi, andisa isibalo samathempeli yonke indawo, kanye isithombe sakhe sifakwe eziqoshiwe.
Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kwenzeka ezindaweni ezibhekwa njengezingcwele, futhi ezazijabulela ukukhetha ukukhulekela, okungukuthi, amadolobha anjengalawa: IGrisi Elikhulu; I-Arcadia; Samos; I-Attica; naseKrethe, phakathi kokunye. Izimpawu ezihlukahlukene iminikelo yesifungo (iminikelo eyenziwa konkulunkulu basendulo), eyatholwa emathempelini akhe ahlukene, isebenza njengobufakazi nempikiswano ebonisa indima yakhe njengomhlahlandlela wabantu abasha kanye nabantu abadala.
Labo ababethamele lezi zindawo ezingcwele kwakungamasosha, abazingeli kanye namasosha, ngaphambi kokuba badlule ezivivinyweni zokuqalisa, becela isiqondiso nokuvikelwa kulokhu. unkulunkulu Hermes . Kuthiwa lokhu kungase kube yisizathu esenza ukuthi lo Nkulunkulu oshiwo evezwe esemusha ezithombeni zakhe eziningi.
Waphinde waqanjwa ngokuthi usanta ongumvikeli we-wrestling nama-gym, ngakho kulezi zikhungo kwakuyinto evamile ukubona isithombe sikankulunkulu wamaGreki. Indawo engcwele yonkulunkulu abayishumi nambili base-Olympia yayingenye yezindawo lapho ayekhulekelwa khona futhi ekhonzwa, indawo eyayisebenzela ukugubha iMidlalo Yama-Olympic YamaGreki.
Kwelinye lama-altare anikezelwe kuye, esinye sezithombe zakhe sasibonakala eduze nomfanekiso kankulunkulu Apollo. Izimpawu ezihlonze i unkulunkulu ayeyi: inombolo yesine; impepho; nesundu. Izilwane zaziyi: iqhude; izinhlanzi; imbuzi; kanye nofudu. Ngokuqondene nemihlatshelo eyayenziwe egameni lakhe, kwakunezici ezinjengamaqebelengwane noju; kanye nezilwane: izimbuzi; amawundlu; nezingulube.
Ama-Promakhos, en Tanager, yaba enye yezindawo ezingcwele zethempeli unkulunkulu Hermes , etholakala ngaphansi kweqabunga arbutus (isihlahla sezithelo), lapho amanye amasiko ekhombisa ukuthi unkulunkulu wadalwa. emagqumeni e phene babehlotshiswe ngokuba khona kwemithombo emithathu ebhekwa njengengcwele, njengoba inkolelo yayibasinda ngokuthi wayegezwe lapho ezalwa.
Imikhosi yokudumisa lo nkulunkulu wamaGreki yaziwa ngokuthi Hermaea, isikhumbuzo esikhethekile lapho kwenziwa khona imihlatshelo. Kwenziwa nemisebenzi ehlobene ne-gymnastics ne-athletics. Kuthiwa le mikhosi isukela ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC, nokho, akukho rekhodi lomkhosi oshiwo ngaphambi kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC.
Kuthiwa le mikhosi yayifana kakhulu neyokuthwasa, phakathi kwayo yonke imikhosi eyayihlanganisa nokudlalwa kwemidlalo yamaGreki. Izizathu ezingenzeka ukuthi mhlawumbe kwakungenxa yokuthi ukuhlanganyela kwezingane ezincane nabanye abantu abadala kwakunqunyelwe ngokwezimo zabo zomzimba.
ama-epithets
Phakathi kwe ama-epithets (isichasiso ukukhombisa ikhwalithi), yalo nkulunkulu, kukhona ukuthi I-Argiphon, okusho umbulali we I-Argos. Ngalesi sichasiso uvusa ikhomishini uyise, unkulunkulu Zeus a Hermes, ukubulala umdondoshiya okuthiwa I-Argus Panoptes, okwathi njengesici sesici ukuthi wayenamehlo amaningi.
Kuthiwa wayehlezi ewubuka umsunu Io, endlini engcwele yomuntu siqu Hera, into engamjabulisi unkulunkulu Zeus yingakho amthuma ukuba ambulale.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-epithet yakhe izindawo zokulala, Kungumfanekiso kankulunkulu njengomfundisi ochwepheshile, isikhulumi esikhulu, esiqashelwa njengonkulunkulu wobugagu nowezwi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu wabuye waqanjwa, ngaphezu kwesithunywa, umeluleki wawonkulunkulu. Ngaphakathi kweGrace yakudala, yaba uphawu lokukhuluma kwaphezulu, kanye nonkulunkulukazi Athena.
Ngekhulu lesithupha BC, leli culo ladalwa I-Homeric, njengendlela yokuhlonipha unkulunkulu, lapho echazwa khona njengomnikezeli wezinkulumo ngokuphumelelayo, kusukela esemncane, eyisibonelo, leso siqephu lapho azama khona ukuzivikela ekumangaleleni kwakhe ngenxa yokweba. lezo zinkomo.
Kweminye yezincwadi zezazi zefilosofi ezinkulu zomlando, kuchazwa ukuthi Hermes njengonkulunkulu wokukholisa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, kwaba khona ukucatshangelwa a UHermes Logios kuthathwe ngendlela engaqondakali, njengonkulunkulu onobuhlakani baphezulu.
Izethulo
El unkulunkulu uHermes, wayehlale egqoke amabhuzu noma izimbadada ezinamaphiko kanye negolide, ayevame ukukwazi ukuhamba ngaso sonke isibhakabhaka (i-Olympus), kuyilapho enza indima yakhe njengesithunywa sonkulunkulu. Zikhona ezinye izinganekwane ezifana nalezi Maya ezisebenzisa izimpawu ezehlukene ezahlukene, ongafunda ngokubuyekeza indatshana kuyo izimpawu zamaya.
Ngokufanayo, ezinye izakhi ezihlonza izingubo zabo kwakuyisigqoko noma isigqoko sabo sendabuko, futhi esinamaphiko. Kwabizwa iCap nomusa, okusho ukuthi Ongahloniphi, ngoba kwakuthiwa owuthwele usuke engabonakali.
Ingxenye yezici lo nkulunkulu ayenazo yilezi:
induku yabamemezeli: Hermes Wayephethe uhlobo oluthile lwenduku yegolide ebizwa ngokuthi "Kerykeion", okwakuyinduku yabamemezeli (isithunywa) emveza endimeni yakhe njengesithunywa sonkulunkulu.
Iqabunga: Al unkulunkulu uHermes wayebonakala ephethe inkemba yegolide noma adamantine (kubhekiselwe emibaleni yedayimane).
Amapayipi Omalusi: Lo nkulunkulu wamaGreki kuthiwa nguye owasungula amapayipi kamalusi, insimbi yomculo yase rustic, leyo, ngokwezinganekwane, eyashintsha Apollo, unkulunkulu womculo, ukuze athole amalungelo athile.
Imfuyo: Kuthiwa lokho Hermes yaqasha emadlelweni angcwele eNtabeni i-Olympus, umhlambi wezinkomo zaphezulu zikankulunkulu Apollo.
ngizokwenza: Ngenxa yendlela yawo yokukwazi ukuzala, unogwaja waba isilwane esingcwele unkulunkulu uHermes, ukuyibeka endaweni yonke njengomlaza we I-Lepusehlala phakathi kwezinkanyezi.
Hawk: Ukheshe wayengesinye sezilwane ezingcwele kunkulunkulu. Kuthiwa uphendule amadoda amabili abe amakhothane: I-Daidalon ne-Hierax.
Ufudu: Lalingcwele nakunkulunkulu wamaGreki. I-Mythology ikutshela lokho Hermes waphendula inyozi okuthiwa Khelone. Ngokufanayo, ihabhu lokuqala lakhiwa nguye esebenzisa igobolondo lofudu.
Ama-Crocuses: Noma i-crocus flower, eyakhula ezintabeni futhi yayingcwele kunkulunkulu Hermes, kwazise wayenza yaphuma egazini lesithandwa sakhe I-Krokos, futhi yingakho igama I-Crocus.
isihlahla sama-strawberry: Kwakubhekwa njengokungcwele Hermes, njengoba ngokomlando nenganekwane yakhe, wayezokhuliswa ngaphansi komthunzi walesi sihlahla.
I-Oreiades: Kwakuyizinyosi ezazihlala ezintabeni futhi zihamba nonkulunkulu wamaGreki Hermes ngenkathi emahlathini e I-Arkadia.
Isinkwa Nezinkwa: UNkulunkulu Pan, Inkosi yezimbuzi nemihlambi, nesizwe sayo Iphaneli, babekhonza njengeqembu likankulunkulu Hermesngenkathi uhlola izintaba ze i-arkadi.
I-Satyroi noma i-Satyrs: Babengabangane bakankulunkulu wamaGreki ngesikhathi esendle. Lezi zidalwa kuthiwa ziyimimoya yokuzala.
I-Oneiroi: Babizwa ngemimoya yamaphupho. Baphelezela Hermes kuya phambili I-Khthonios (izwe elingaphansi), ngoba yibona ababemhola besuka embusweni ongaphansi komhlaba bamyisa emiqondweni yabantu abafayo.
Inzalo
Unkulunkulu wayenabantwana abambalwa abanonkulunkulukazi abahlukahlukene nabafayo. Phakathi kwamagama enzalo yakhe, izinganekwane ziqokomisa lelo likankulunkulu wamaGreki Pan, iNkosi yemvelo, unkulunkulu wezimvu, izimbuzi nezimvu.
Kuthiwa wayeyindodana ka Hermes eduze kwenkosazana i-dryop, owayengumalusikazi ohloniphekile owalusa umhlambi kayise, inkosi i-dryop, eduze neNtaba i-Eta. Kwakuwukuphela kwendodakazi inkosi eyayinayo. Njengoba ihubo lisho I-Homeric kunkulunkulu Pan, unina wambalekela esanda kuzalwa, ngoba ukubonakala kwakhe kwembuzi kwakumethusa.
i-hermaphrodite, wayengomunye wamadodana izinganekwane ezitshela ukuthi unkulunkulu wayenawo Hermes, kulokhu nonkulunkulukazi Aphrodite. Bathi wayengumuntu ongafi. Onkulunkulu bamguqula waba yi-hermaphrodite (unisexual), ukuze aphendule isicelo esenziwe yi-nymph. ama-salmacis, ukuthi bangamvumeli ukuba ahlukane naye.
Elinye lamadodana avela emibhalweni yilona elibiziwe abdero. le ndodana ka Hermes waphila usizi ngemva kokudliwa ezinye zezinsikazi I-Diomedes, iqhawe lamaGreki. Njengoba izenzakalo zenzeka, abdero wayephethe ukubukela izimbila, kanti umngane wakhe UHeracles (Hercules) abhekane namadoda ka I-Diomedes.
Izembatho
Kukhona ezinye izindaba lapho beveza khona ukuthi unkulunkulu uHermes Wayegqoke amabhuzu esikhumba amafushane anezimpiko zegolide, ezaziwa amaGreki ngaphansi kwegama elithi "i-pteroeis pedila”. Ngaphakathi kwezinganekwane zamaRoma ayebizwa ngokuthi i-talaria. Kweminye imibhalo nezithombe zikankulunkulu wamaGreki, angabonakala egqoke izimbadada ezinhle ezinamaphiko, nombala wegolide.
Kwenzeka okufanayo nangesigqoko sakhe, kwezinye izinguqulo sichazwa njengenziwe ngezinto ezizwakalayo, ezinamabrim abanzi, kanti kwezinye ubonakala egqoke isigqoko esincane esinamaphiko, esaziwa ngegama lika- aidoneus, okusho ukuthi “Ongabonakali”. Futhi kuthiwa yayinamandla okwenza noma ubani owayeyigqokile anyamalale, ayenze ingabonakali.
Izingubo ze unkulunkulu uHermes Kwakuhlobene eduze nendima yakhe njengesithunywa sonkulunkulu base-Olympus, ngoba, esimweni esithile sezimbadada zakhe ezinamaphiko, lezi zamvumela ukuba ahambe ngokushesha yonke indawo, efika ngesikhathi namaphasela, imilayezo nezeluleko, lapho kudingekile. Izinyawo zakhe zazihlotshiswe ngalezo zimbadada ezinhle zegolide ezazibonakala njengegolide, futhi owaba ngongafi ngazo.
Ngazo, wayekwazi ukuhamba phezu kwamanzi, njengoba enza emhlabathini, ekuqondeni umoya. Olunye uphawu lwe Hermes kwakuyinduku noma udondolo lwakhe lwegolide, i caduceus. Ekuqaleni yayinamaribhoni amhlophe ayegobhoza esigxotsheni, kamuva esasizoshintshwa sibe umfanekiso wezinyoka ezimbili.
Lokhu, njengoba indaba ihamba, wanikezwa unkulunkulu Apollo ngemva kokuba sebengabangane, owamnika umtshingo kankulunkulu Pan, owaziwa ngegama elithi siringa. Ngale ntonga wageza amehlo kulabo bantu abalele, evusa abalele ngayo. Ewubambe ngesandla, waqonda phambili endleleni.
Kwezinye iziqephu zemibhalo, izimbadada zikankulunkulu wamaGreki zibizwa futhi, ngubani kanye nonkulunkulukazi AthenaBabengabaholi be Perseus ukubheka nymphayi (ama-nymphs), ababephethe ukuqapha ezinye zengcebo yezithixo.
Phakathi kwalezi ngcebo kwakubhalwe kuqala, izimbadada ezinamaphiko, ezakhe kibisis, okwakuwuhlobo lwesikhwama noma isaka, kanye nesigqoko sokuzivikela haide. Kuthiwa ekupheleni kwesicelo, Perseus wabuyela ku Hermes izimbadada zakhe, kibisis futhi isigqoko sokuzivikela, ukuthi ngokulandelana, unkulunkulu wamaGreki wabuyisela konke futhi Nymphai.
Wabophela izimbadada zakhe emaqakaleni, wabamba ngokuqinile induku yakhe ethakathiwe alalisa ngayo abantu abafayo, futhi ekugcineni, egqoke isigqoko sakhe somlingo, angakwazi ukuzenza angabonakali, wasuka e-Olympus eya eMhlabeni.
Hermes njengonkulunkulu waseGibhithe
Ngaphezu kokuvela njengonkulunkulu K Es Es Escha! Escha Escha! Escha Escha! Escha! phakathi kwezinganekwane zamaRoma, unkulunkulu wamaGreki uye waba nokuvumelanisa nabanye onkulunkulu bezinye izinganekwane, okuyindaba kankulunkulu. Thoth, okungokwesiko laseGibhithe.
Ngenxa yalokhu, Hermes Ubuye abonakale njengonkulunkulu waseGibhithe, ohlobene kakhulu nezindaba zakhe. I-hieroglyph ye Inkonde isuke elifanekisela ukuphela kwe Thothi, yayilotshwe ngezinhlamvu zokuqala I-DHwtii noma i-Djehuti, liqukethe imfihlakalo, njengoba incazelo yalo igama elithi "akwaziwa".
Kusukela kulesi sisekelo, ochwepheshe abaningana base-Egyptological baye bahlongoza ukutholakala okuhlukahlukene komqondo wegama, phakathi kwawo: okhethayo; lowo okhethayo; indawo engaziwa; lowo onenqaba yokukhuluma; okhuluma ethempelini; futhi okwakhiwa naye ubuhlobo obuseduze, “isithunywa”.
Izazi zamaqiniso omlando, amasiko kanye nezinganekwane zasendulo, zafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi izinhlamvu "dhw”, kungenzeka kube ama-initials amadala kakhulu lapho i- Inkonde isuke, okuholela encazelweni yokuthi leli gama Thoth, kungasho ukuthi: “lowo onesimo se Inkonde isuke".
Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, lesi sitatimende asiqinisekile, njengoba ngokusobala simelela kuphela ukuqoqwa konkulunkulu abaningana ngendlela yokuqonda. izibi, noma inyoni engcwele yaseGibhithe, yayinezici ezifana noqhwaku olude nolugobile, olwalubonisa ukubonakala kwenyanga ecwebile.
Ngokufanayo, yayinezimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezihlukile, ezazifanekisela izigaba zenyanga, ukuwohloka nokuwohloka. Ngaphambi kokufika ebudlelwaneni Thoth noHermes, kufanele sikhulume ngobudlelwane obukhona phakathi Thoth kanye Ibis, eyanqunywa esigabeni sangezikhathi zombuso waseGibhithe lasendulo, lapho uFaro ewela umfula omkhulu wasezulwini, ngosizo lwamaphiko Thothi.
EGibhithe lasendulo, umfanekiso we I-Toth wagqama ngokuba omunye wonkulunkulu abakhulu nodume kakhulu ngokubhekisela ezinganekwaneni zakhe. KwabaseGibhithe, wayemelela isibonelo, njengoba ayebhekwa njengonkulunkulu wokuhlakanipha, ngenxa yokusungula kwakhe isimiso sokubhala, aqanjwa ngaso ngokuthi umxhasi wababhali.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, nguye owayenolwazi olungcwele, futhi wabizwa nangokuthi unkulunkulu weNyanga, ngakho ezithombeni zakhe, kuhlale kunenyanga kwesinye sezigaba zayo ekhanda lakhe.
Ukumelwa kwe I-Toth ngaphakathi kwezinganekwane nobuciko baseGibhithe lasendulo, kanye nezimpawu zayo kanye ne-archetype, yizici ezixhumanisa nezici ezifanayo zikankulunkulu wamaGreki. Hermes, okwasebenza njengesisekelo samaGreki ukuze aqinisekise ukuba khona kokuxhumana okuthile phakathi kwalabonkulunkulu ababili.
Phakathi nesikhathi sasendulo, iqembu lamaGreki lafika eGibhithe elasungula ukuqhathaniswa konkulunkulu balo nonkulunkulu baseGibhithe, lathola phakathi kwalo izici eziningana ezifanayo elavumelana nazo.
Mayelana nezimpawu zikankulunkulu Thothi, labo abantu bakhe abacabanga ukuthi babaluleke kakhulu, futhi ahlonishwa kakhulu futhi ahlonishwa kakhulu ngabo, yilabo abavumelana nokufana kwakhe nonkulunkulu. Hermes, into eyenza amaGreki acabanga ukuthi kungaba unkulunkulu oyedwa.
Amaphuzu okuqhathanisa ayisibopho kakhulu amayelana nezimfanelo ze I-Toth, ifanekiselo nobuciko bayo emelwe ngabo eGibhithe lasendulo. Abanye bavumelana nezimfanelo zikankulunkulu wamaGreki.
Kuzo zombili izinganekwane, izici ezine ezibhekwa njengezihluthulelo ziyagqama, ukuze kutholakale izici ezifanayo kunkulunkulu waseGibhithe. I-Toth kanye nonkulunkulu wamaGreki Hermes. Lezi yilezi:
1.- Bobabili onkulunkulu bavela endimeni njengezithunywa
Ngokwesiko lezinganekwane ze I-Toth, lonkulunkulu wayebhekwa njengesithunywa sombuso wasendulo waseGibhithe. Umsebenzi wakhe kwakuwukugcina izulu nomhlaba kuxhumene, esungula ukuxhumana phakathi kobuNkulunkulu nomuntu, lapho ayengumlamuleli khona.
UNkulunkulu Thothi, wayeyisithunywa sikankulunkulu Ra, phakathi kwezinganekwane zaseGibhithe, owayeyiNkosi yonkulunkulu. Endabeni kankulunkulu wamaGreki, wakhonza njengesithunywa sikankulunkulu Zeus, ngaphezu kokuba uyise, owayeyiNkosi yonkulunkulu bamaGreki.
UNkulunkulu Hermes, wachazwa egqoke isigqoko esinamaphiko namabhuzu noma izimbadada nazo zinamaphiko, izici ezenza kube lula ngaye ukufeza imisebenzi yakhe njengesithunywa, ezimvumela ukuba ahambe ngokushesha nangokukhululeka esuka e-Olympus (isibhakabhaka samaGreki), aye emhlabeni. kwabafayo.(Umhlaba).
Ngokufanayo, kuthiwa unkulunkulu waseGibhithe I-Toth Yayinamaphiko, njengama- ibis (inyoni engcwele yaseGibhithe), eyayiyivumela ukuba ihambe emoyeni, ihambe emhlabeni futhi ihambe olwandle.
2.- Bobabili onkulunkulu babephethe intonga emise okwenyoka
Elinye iphuzu lapho kukhona ukufana phakathi konkulunkulu ukufana kwemfanelo unkulunkulu ahamba nayo. unkulunkulu uHermes, induku yomlingo, eyaziwa ngegama lika I-Kerykeion ngesiGreki futhi Caduceus ngolimi lwesiLatini. Libhekisela kwintonga yobukhosi yegolide enamandla omlingo futhi ukuma kwayo kwakunomfanekiso wezinyoka ezimbili ezizisonge kuyo.
endabeni kaNkulunkulu I-Toth, futhi unentonga yobukhosi efana kakhulu nengxenye yezimfanelo zakhe. Angabonakala elugqokile ezithombeni eziningana lapho amelelwe khona, okuyiyona ebonakala kakhulu lapho ethulwa khona ethempelini Seti I, e-Abydos.
3.- Babengonkulunkulu bePsychoppic (abaphethe ukuyisa imiphefumulo yabangasekho ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa, ezulwini noma esihogweni)
Njengoba bengonkulunkulu abayizithunywa ababesebenza njengesixhumanisi phakathi kwezwe labantu abafayo kanye nendiza yasezulwini, futhi babephathiswe umsebenzi wokuba abaqondisi. I-Psychoppic, uhlobo lokuphelezela kwaphezulu oluhambisana nemiphefumulo yabathembekile abahambile kuze kube ukuphumula kwabo kwaphakade.
El unkulunkulu uHermes kwakuyilowo mhlahlandlela ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, kuyilapho unkulunkulu I-Toth Kwakunguye I-Psychoppic yombuso wasendulo waseGibhithe, wethula lapho ukufana okuphelele phakathi kwabo bobabili onkulunkulu.
4.- Babengonkulunkulu bemilingo ezinganekwaneni zabo
Ukuhlobana nobuqaba (izinkolo ezingezona ezobuKristu) okwabonakala phakathi nenkathi yamaGreki namaRoma, kwahlotshaniswa nempicabadala equkethwe iGibhithe ngezakhiwo zalo ezinkulu, nakuba zazingamanxiwa, amathempeli ayegcwele imilingo. Lokhu kuhlola bekunamandla ngenxa yokuba khona kokubonakaliswa I-Hellenistic en I-Alexandria.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwaba yindawo yokumaka i-syncretism lapho izimfanelo zikankulunkulu zazihlotshaniswa khona. I-Toth nalabo bakankulunkulu Hermes, yaziwa emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva ngokuthi I-Hermes Trimegistus.
Kuthiwa amaGreki afika eGibhithe ayebona umfanekiso kankulunkulu I-Toth, okungenzeka ukuthi unkulunkulu abe sesimweni somuntu Hermes, yingakho baqala ukubenza baziwe njengesixhumanisi Thoth- Hermes Noma yini efanayo, I-Trimegistus, imibono eyabhalwa ngaphakathi kwemibhalo eyayinesihloko esinegama elithi "Hermetic".
Le mibhalo eyakha i "Hermetic", ngokwengxenye enkulu, zazibhalwe ngolimi lwesiGreki, kodwa zahlelwa ngaphakathi kwesifunda saseGibhithe Delta, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezikhathi ezandulela ukuvela kwemfundiso yobuKristu, kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lesithathu AD.
Izici ezithile ezivezwa kule mibhalo ukuthi iqukethe imibhalo lapho kuxoxwa khona ngezihloko ezifana nokubhula ngezinkanyezi, umlingo, i-alchemy kanye nemfundiso yenkolo. Kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezidaliwe, zigqama njengombhalo odume kakhulu kusukela ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX kuya kwelesi-XNUMX AD, iqoqo lawo elivela ngaphansi kwegama elithi. I-Corpus Hermeticum.
Bobabili onkulunkulu babenamathempeli lapho babehlonishwa futhi behlonishwa njengonkulunkulu bemilingo, nakuba kamuva, la mathempeli ashiywa. Nokho, inkolelo namanje walondoloza ukuthi onkulunkulu Hermes y Thothi, Bayaqhubeka bengabaqondisi abakhulu ohambweni oluya ekutholeni ukuhlakanipha okukhulu.
Iseluleko sakhe singumngane ophelele wokubhoboza isihenqo semfihlakalo equkethwe izimfihlo ezifihliwe ngemuva kwezinganekwane zabo, indlela ezoholela abathembekile bakhe esicongweni seqiniso nasebunyeni. Izifiso zalabo abakholelwa kulab’ onkulunkulu zingamandla okuba bafanelekele isivikelo nesiqondiso sabo, ukuze baholwe yibona baye ezweni elingalé, lapho ihora lokugcina lokuphila kwabo selifikile.
Yingakho kufanele bazi ukuthi bahlanzeke kanjani ngokwanele, babahloniphe futhi ngale ndlela, bakwazi ukukhetha ukuba nokuhlakanipha okuphakade. Uma usithandile lesi sihloko mayelana nonkulunkulu wezinganekwane, sikumema futhi ukuthi ubuyekeze kubhulogi yethu isihloko esihlobene ne onkulunkulu bobuddhism