Siphila kulo mhlaba abathi yiwo wodwa onezimo zokuhlalwa yizidalwa eziphilayo. Emkhathini ungakwazi ukuhlonza izingxenye eziwuchazayo. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne- ubukhulu boMhlaba.
Umsuka wegama loMhlaba
I-NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration ithi mayelana noku Umsuka kanye Nemvelo Yomhlaba:
“Umhlaba uwukuphela kweplanethi engenalo igama layo ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki/zamaRoma. Igama lisuselwa ku-Old English kanye nesiJalimane.
Umhlaba ubhalwe ngesiNgisi futhi uvela egameni lesiJalimane elithi "erde", okusho ukuthi umhlabathi. Leli gama likhuluma ngalokho okungaphansi kwezinyawo.
Abanye bacabanga ukuthi uma kungenxa yalokho enakho ebusweni bayo, iplanethi kufanele ngabe ibizwa ngokuthi AMANZI, njengoba ngaphezu kuka-75% wendawo yawo igcwele.
Le ndawo egcwele amanzi nomhlabathi iyiplanethi yethu; Umhlaba, onikezwe izici ezinikeza izidalwa eziphilayo ngokujwayelekile ithuba lokuba izakhamuzi zawo.
Umhlaba ovela emkhathini
Esikhathini esidlule, izincwadi zesikole samabanga aphansi zabonisa ngokokuqala ngqa leso sithombe esihlala sisenkumbulweni yabantu kuze kube phakade, a ukuma komhlaba eyindilinga enezingxenye ezigcwele amanzi, ezinye zinenhlabathi nezimila.
Nokho, lapho izithombe noma ama-video esimo sawo ebhekwa emkhathini, zonke izakhi zawo ziba nobukhulu. Ukubonakala emkhathini, njengongqimba olukhanyayo olubonisa izindawo ezihlukene zomhlaba nezilwandle eziwuzungezile.
Njengamanje, i-International Space Station (ISS), ye-NASA, iyisikhungo esiphenya ngokuzungeza komhlaba futhi singaphandle komkhathi unomphela, sinikeza ithuba lokubona bukhoma ngale khamera yesathelayithi ukuthi iplanethi yethu injani.
Ubukhulu bomhlaba
Sekuvele kwabonakala ukuthi uMhlaba, ayiyona indilinga ephelele, kodwa iyindilinga eyisicaba ngezigxobo, ngokobuchwepheshe ihlelo le-spheroid liyasetshenziswa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibanga ukusuka enkabeni ukuya enkabazwe futhi ukusuka enkabeni kuya ezigxotsheni alifani.
Kukhona idatha ethile erekhodwe ngezilinganiso zebanga njenge:
- Ubuso bomhlaba: 510.072.000 km2
- Isandiso se-Oceanic: 3,6.108 km2
- Indawo yezwekazi: 1,5.108 km2
- I-Equatorial Radius: 6.378,1 km
- I-Polar radius: 6.356,8 km
Inomugqa "ocatshangelwayo", kanye nama-meridians, ongahlanganisa "isigxobo esisenyakatho nesigxobo esiseningizimu". Umhlaba uhlukaniswe ama-hemispheres amabili amakhulu ngomunye umugqa oyinkabazwe.
Ukwazi ubuso bomhlaba nge-geoid
I-Geodesy, eyaziwa njengenye yesayensi yoMhlaba iminyaka ethile, ibifunda ukuhlelwa kweplanethi ngakho-ke imele "njenge-spheroid enendawo engalingani futhi eyisicaba kancane ezigxotsheni", ebizwa ngokuthi "ellipsoid". wenguquko”
Ubuso be ukwakheka komhlaba Ngezinhlobo zayo zemvelo nezokwenziwa, bahlose ukumelwa ngokusebenzisa le sayensi, besebenzisa izibalo futhi ngokusekelwe kudatha yangempela, emkhakheni wamandla adonsela phansi omhlaba, inganikeza ulwazi olunembile mayelana nesakhiwo sayo.
Kuyo yonke idatha yoMhlaba engenhla, i-geoid ibhekwa njengendlela eseduze kakhulu yokwazi ubuso bomhlaba. Kusukela ezingeni lolwandle, ukuhlinzeka ngezibalo ezinhle nezingezinhle ezihlanganisa ulwazi olufanayo mayelana nokwandiswa kweplanethi.
Ngokushaqisayo, ucwaningo olwenziwa ochwepheshe be-Geodesy lubonisa ukuthi ukuma kwangempela koMhlaba kufana nebhaluni elincibilikile. Ukuzungezisa okwenziwa iplanethi mayelana ne-eksisi yayo engu-360º, kusinika i-elliptical engasetshenziswa njengereferensi yokubonisa unjani ukuma komhlaba.
I-Ellipsoid ye-revolution hypothesis
I-Geodesy ngokusho kwe-RAE:
"Ingxenye ye-geology enquma ngokwezibalo inani nobukhulu boMhlaba noma ingxenye enkulu yawo, futhi ibhekana nokwakha amamephu ahambisanayo."
Leli gatsha elihlale lafunda i ukuma nobukhulu bomhlaba, Kuyisisekelo sezifundo ezifana:
- Ukuma kwendawo yendlela
- Ubunjiniyela bazo zonke izinhlobo
- izinhlelo zesikhala
- Isayensi yezinkanyezi
- I-Geophysics
Emakhulwini eminyaka, uMhlaba wacwaningwa ngokujulile ngabacwaningi benkathi ngayinye, okwathi, ngokusekelwe emibonweni nasezicatshangelweni futhi basekelwa ulwazi olulinganiselwe, bakha izethulo ezingenzeka zeplanethi ngamamephu nezinhlaka.
Eqinisweni, ngesinye isikhathi kwathiwa uMhlaba uyisicaba futhi kwathatha iminyaka ukuqaphela ukuthi uyindilinga noma uyindilinga. Ucwaningo lwasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-22 lubonise ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-semi-axes amabili e-terrestrial ellipsoid cishe amakhilomitha angama-XNUMX. Ake sibone indawo engase ibe khona engavamile yomhlaba, ukwakheka kwawo kungaba yi-spheroid njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi:
imbulunga yasemhlabeni
Lapho ngeNkathi Ephakathi, uMhlaba wawumelelwe okokuqala, kwakungenxa yesimo sembulunga esiphelele, kwakungekho mehluko ezigxotsheni futhi ngaphansi kwenkabazwe. Amazwe, amazwekazi, izilwandle nezilwandle kwadwetshwa ngokucophelela. Umazisi wakhe wokuqala kwaba "imbulunga yasemhlabeni".
Lapho kuvela izibonakude zesayensi nezifundo zesathelayithi, ezabonisa iqhubu ezigxotsheni, kuba sobala ukuthi iplanethi isicaba endaweni yenkabazwe. Lokhu kukhombise ukuthi empeleni amazwe asethuthukile njengeNyakatho Melika kanye nezwekazi lase-Europe, indawo yawo incane kanti iNingizimu Melika kanye nezwekazi lase-Afrika zinkulu.