Ungathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana Ukungalungi kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe?, sizobe sesikulethela lonke ulwazi odinga ukulwazi.
Yonke imininingwane ebalulekile
Ukungalungi kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe
Nakuba Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Okuqondile Kwangaphandle kwenzeka futhi kuqhubeka nokukhula kancane kancane emhlabeni wonke, i-Mexico izoba nengxenye efanayo naleyo eyayinayo eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu edlule; kodwa ungase ubuze, kungani lokhu kwenzeka?
Uma usebenza ngokukhanga kwe-Foreign Direct Investment obekungumgomo wawo wonke uHulumeni waseMexico iminyaka ethile, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukusho kanjani ukuthi akukwazanga ukukhulisa isikhundla semakethe emhlabeni wonke.
Kuyiqiniso eliphelele ukuthi amanani onyaka ngamunye wenhloko-dolobha aye anda uma siqhathanisa nenkathi eyatholwa ngonyaka ka-1994, iMexico iyaqhubeka nokuthola amaphesenti alinganiselwa amabili ngonyaka ayo yonke ingqikithi Yezimali Ezitshaliwe Zangaphandle.
Ububi Bezimali Zangaphandle: Mexico
I-Mexico yaziwa ngokuba ngelinye lamazwe anenzuzo enkulu ekutshalweni kwezimali nasekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe; izikhathi ezingcono kakhulu zezwe elikhulukazi kube yiminyaka ka-1994, 2001, 2007 kanye no-2013 lapho bekwazile ukweqa ngamaphesenti amane yenani eliphelele elitholwe ukutholwa kwezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zaseMexico.
Lolu hlobo lwenqubo lwaziwa ngokuthi a Ububi bokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, ngoba njalo lapho kukhiqizwa izinzuzo noma imisebenzi, ulwazi oluphathwayo nolwethuthwayo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi luyinzuzo.
Idatha
Ukuvulwa kwezentengiselwano okwenziwe kanye nokungabikho kwenqubomgomo yezimboni efanele kwenze iMexico, iyizwe lapho (ukushiya izimboni eceleni) kulula kakhulu ukuthumela imikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle, iqale kusukela ekuqaleni futhi ifakwe. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa lesi simo ukwenza ngcono Uphiko Oluyinhloko olubhekele ukukhiqizwa okuphansi kwezwe (izinkonzo nohulumeni).
Ububi Bezimali Zangaphandle: imininingwane eyengeziwe
Lezi zinhlobo zezinzuzo zenza kube lula ukwenza imifelandawonye yamasu nezinye izinkampani zakuleli ukuze zikwazi ukulekelelana, lokhu ukuze zikwazi ukuthatha imigudu yokumaketha evele ikhona noma nje yandise imakethe yangaphandle ukuze yanelise imikhiqizo yazo.
Amanye Amaqiniso Ngobubi Bokutshalwa Kwezimali Kwangaphandle
Kuwo wonke amazwe abamukelayo, izinzuzo ezihlinzekwa yi-FDI ngesikhathi sokuthuthukisa umnotho zinkulu impela; Nazi ezinye zalezi zinzuzo:
- Qedela ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi.
- Kunomthelela omuhle ebhalansi yezinkokhelo.
- Nikeza futhi ukhiqize amafa amasha.
- Yenza ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe.
- Ukunikezwa komkhiqizo kuyanda.
- Idala ukuncintisana okungcono ngokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinkampani zabo.
- Nikeza ngemikhiqizo ngamanani afanele ukuze ukhiqize ukuncintisana.
- Izama ukwehlisa inani le-inflation.
- Inikeza iziteshi ezahlukene zokusabalalisa ezweni, ezinomsuka wemali.
- Futhi ekugcineni, inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu: ikhiqiza imisebenzi, esebenza ngomphumela obonakalayo kuso sonke isizukulwane sengcebo, ngaphezu kokwanda kwezinga lokuphila labantu bakhona.
Imiphumela Emibi ye-IED
Ngaphandle kokuba nenani elikhulu lezinzuzo, i-FDI nayo inochungechunge lwemiphumela emibi; sizobe sesikwazisa ukuthi iyini le miphumela ukuze uyicabange ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Iyakwazi ukukhawulela inqubo kazwelonke yemboni.
- Kwezinye izikhathi, ibamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kweminotho emibili ehlukene.
- Yonke imikhakha egcina ithuthukile igcina yenza lokho ngokubaluleka noma inani lenzalo inkampani noma umdali we-FDI anayo.
- Ngokuvamile, inani lezimpahla ezitholwayo livame ukuqeda imisebenzi; lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuye bathuthukiswa njengokuhlelwa kabusha kwamafemu noma ukuhlela kabusha imisebenzi.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imali ekhokhelwe izizalwane zakho konke ukuthengiswa kwezinkampani, kudingeke ukuthi ifakwe phesheya ukuze kuthi emva kwesikhathi eside, inzuzo etholwe yizinkampani zangaphandle idluliselwe ezweni labo. ; ngamanye amazwi, inzuzo ayipheli ezweni elitholayo.
Ukungalungi kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwezwe Elincane
I-Mexico yayinezinjongo eziningana ngesikhathi isayina i-NAFTA ngo-1994, lezi zinhloso kwakuyizo esizozibalula ngezansi:
- Thola ukuhlanganiswa kwezohwebo ne-United States ne-Canada.
- Thatha izinzuzo zokuqhathanisa ezinikezwa izwe ngalinye ekukhiqizeni okwabiwe.
- Ukwandisa izinga lokuncintisana ekukhiqizweni kwezimpahla nemisebenzi ehlukene ekuhwebeni kukazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe.
- Thatha inani elikhulu kakhulu lemali ekutshalweni kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela uthole imisebenzi eyengeziwe (nengcono kakhulu) ukuze ukhuphule izinga lempilo kubantu.
Ukwehluleka Kwethagethi
Naphezu kwakho konke, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi izinhloso ezihleliwe zifezwe futhi kube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu.Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba akukho neyodwa kuzo eyayinokuphelelisa okwakuzovumela iMexico ukuba ijabulele izinzuzo okwakuxoxiswane ngazo. Esikhundleni salo, kwabekwa i-dogmatic liberalism, eyabalwa njengomgomo "Inqubomgomo Yezimboni engcono kakhulu yileyo engekho".
Ukwengeza kulokho, singabala iqiniso lokuthi inqubomgomo yokuhwebelana namazwe angaphandle isalokhu isekelwe ekuqaleni kokunganaki komnotho wayo, kuthathelwe inqubo ISiginesha Eyimpoqo Yezivumelwano Zohwebo Olukhululekile kanye nokwehliswa kwentela ehlangene ngahlangothi lunye.
Le nkinga ibangele ubuthakathaka obukhulu eSikhungweni Sokukhiqiza Sikazwelonke, esiye saphoqeleka ukuthi sisebenze ngezindleko ezingaphezu kwalezo ezilawulwa amandla ayo, njengoba iMexico yakha uhlaka oluhlelekile lapho kuboniswa khona ukuncintisana okuncane kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikwazile ukugcina ukuncintisana okungafanele kubo bonke abasebenzi kanye nosomabhizinisi baseMexico, okukhombisa ukubuya kwentuthuko yayo yonke inqubekelaphambili yezomnotho ebonakale eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu edlule.
Izinzuzo kanye Nemibi Yokutshalwa Kwezimali Kwangaphandle
Ukuze kubuyekezwe izinzuzo ezilethwa utshalomali ikakhulukazi, noma zephothifoliyo yokutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe ngokuvamile eya ezweni elisathuthuka, kungashiwo ukuthi kunemihlomulo elinganiselwa eshumini:
- Kuyasiza kakhulu ukukhula komnotho wezwe, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukwehlisa amazinga obumpofu nokwandisa amanani emali engenayo.
- Isebenza ngohlaka olugxile ekutshalweni kwezwe okukhiqizayo kanye nohwebo.
- Inezinsiza ezingazinzile kakhulu kunezinye izimali eziphumayo.
- Ingase futhi ikunikeze usizo uma kuziwa ekwandiseni imali yentela.
- Iyakwazi ukucupha inani Lokudluliswa Kwezobuchwepheshe noma Ukudluliswa Kwekhono Lokuphatha.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iyakwazi ukwenza ngcono ukuqeqeshwa kanye nawo wonke amaholo anikezwa abasebenzi.
- Ukufinyelela ezimakethe zangaphandle kungase kuthuthuke.
- Idala isidingo esengeziwe sokukhiqizwa Kwezinkampani Zasendaweni.
- Ithula iminikelo enezindleko eziphansi kubo bonke abahlinzeki bendawo.
- Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa amabhalansi asekela izinkokhelo kanye ne-akhawunti enkulu yamazwe abamukeli.
nebubi
Kodwa-ke, utshalomali noma iphothifoliyo Yotshalomali Oluqondile Ngamazwe Angaphandle efika ezweni nayo ineMibi ethile; Lokhu kubi kungaba:
- Uma ubunikazi benkampani ephethwe amaqembu angaphandle bugcina bukhula kakhulu, kungase kuqalwe inqubo "yokukhipha imali".
- Ukuncintisana okungekuhle kwamabhizinisi endawo kungase kudalwe.
- Kungase futhi kuholele ekutheni zonke izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zithole amandla aphelele emakethe.
- Kunezixwayiso zokuthi kungase kube nemibhikisho yomphakathi,
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ezintsha kungabangela izinga eliphezulu lokungcola ezweni.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko, sikumema ukuthi ufake esilandelayo lapho uzofunda khona ngokunembile Kuyini ukuncintisana?, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseMexico.