Njalo ngonyaka, ama-reindeer afuduka izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka, okwenza kube uhambo olude kunawo wonke emlandweni. Kodwa ingabe uyazi ngempela ukuthi bavelaphi?
I-Caribou iyimihlambi emikhulu yezinyamazane ezihlala emathafeni abandayo ase-Eurasia nasenyakatho yeNyakatho Melika (lapho ibizwa ngokuthi i-caribou). Idla utshani, ubulembu, i-birch namagxolo omzane.
Kulolu hlobo lwezilwane, okuwukuphela kwesibonelo phakathi kwezinyamazane, ezinsikazi nazo zinezimpondo ezincane kunezabesilisa, ezishintsha unyaka nonyaka. Ama-reindeer anezinselo ezibanzi kakhulu futhi ahlukaniswe kabanzi azivumela ukuthi zihambe kalula phezu kweqhwa namaxhaphozi. Imisindo eyisici eyenziwa ama-reindeer lapho ehamba ayibangelwa izimpondo zazo, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili, kodwa ngenxa yokunyakaza kwemisipha yazo.
Inyamazane ikwazi kanjani ukusinda kubanda kakhulu?
Ama-reindeer asungule ukuzijwayeza ukuze aphile endaweni ebandayo futhi evame ukunganaki. Izimpondo zeluliwe kahle futhi imilenze yayo iqinile. ngakho-ke bangakwazi ukugcina ibhalansi yabo kalula ngisho nalapho behamba amabanga amade eqhweni.
Iyini i-caribou?
I-"Caribou" ingelinye lamagama i-reindeer eyaziwa ngawo; igama lesayensi nguRangifer tarandus. I-Rangifer ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-reindeer ukusabalala emazwenikazi ahlukene. Ubukhulu obumangalisayo bungenye yezimpawu ezihlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene.
Itholakala kuphi i-caribou?
Iningi lalezi zilwane zase-arctic bahlala e-tundra esenyakatho noma eziqhingini zase-arctic ngaphezu komugqa wesihlahla. Izibonelo eziningi zingatholakala naseFinland naseSiberia. Lezi zamuva zaziwa ngokuthi ama-reindeer asehlathini futhi zichitha ukuphila kwazo konke ehlathini.
Kodwa zisinda kanjani izinyamazane?
Bajwayele ukuhlala kuloluhlobo lwendawo. Zinezinto ezithile ezizenza zihluke futhi ezivumela ukuthi zimelane nalawa mazinga okushisa aqandayo e-tundra:
- uboya obukhulu
- izinselo ezivulekile
- amakhala abanzi, afudumele
- isibonisi sokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet
Kodwa ake sibone ngokuningiliziwe:
Uboya
Uboya obumboze lezi zidalwa ezinemilenze emine inamathunzi ansundu ngokumnyama, ampunga namhlophe futhi ingenye efudumele kakhulu ekhona, njengoba ibamba umoya futhi ihlukanise umzimba nezwe elingaphandle.
Este luningi kakhulu kuwo wonke umzimba, kodwa ikakhulukazi endaweni yentamo, okwenza kubukeke sengathi bagqoke izinwele ezinde noma isikhafu entanyeni.
Izinselo zakhe ezinkulu
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi, njengomzala wayo okude ikamela, izinselo zinganwetshwa ukuze kutholwe kangcono iqhwa elisha esikhundleni sokucwila, futhi unezitshalo ezinkulu kakhulu ongancika kuzo (njengoba nje ikamela lingashoni esihlabathini sasogwadule). Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphedi angaphansi kwezinyawo athambile ukuze aqinisekise ukubamba kangcono otshanini.
Nokho, njengoba amakhaza ebonakala ngokwengeziwe, ayakwazi ukufinyeza izinzipho zawo eziseceleni, anciphise ubukhulu bazo ukuze azisunduzele ukuze zithole indawo eyiqhwa neqhwa eliqine ngokwengeziwe.
Amakhala ashintsha ngosayizi
Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona ama-reindeer, ukuphefumula kuyinkinga ngoba umoya obandayo ungena emaphashini futhi upholise umzimba ngokushesha, kodwa ama-reindeer nawo alungiselelwa lokho. Amakhala azo anezimbobo zamakhala okuthiwa ama-turbinate, ezivumela ukuthi zilawule ubukhulu bazo ukuze zikwazi ukuhlunga kangcono umoya obandayo.. Ngakho bayakwazi ukuphefumula ngaphandle kokupholisa amaphaphu futhi bagcine umzimba ufudumele.
Umbono ongenakunqotshwa
Ungakusho lokho inombono ongavamile, njengoba kuwukuphela kwezilwane ezincelisayo emhlabeni ezikwazi ukubona ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Lokhu kubasiza kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo nezibandayo ngoba kubenza bakwazi ukubona izinto abebengakwazi ukuzibona ngaphandle kokuba naleli khono. Umuntu akakwazi ukubona okufana nenyamazane.
Ingabe lokho akubenzi kakade babe izidalwa ezimangalisayo?
Izici ezijwayelekile zenyamazane
Ezisikazi zivame ukuphila isikhathi eside kunabesilisa, njengasezilwaneni eziningi. Kanti eyeduna inkulu ngokwesayizi. Lokhu akuhlukile cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zasemhlabeni.
Kuyathakazelisa nokuthi ubukhulu benyamazane buhlukile kuye ngendawo ezazalelwa kuyo. Izinyamazane ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zikhulu kunalezo ezihlala enyakatho. Amaduna, njengoba sesiphawulile, makhulu kunezinsikazi, futhi ngokuvamile angaba ngu-150-120 cm ubude futhi anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-60 no-318 kilos.
Zinezimpondo ezinamagatsha (ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-antlers) nazo ziyahlukahluka kusuka ku-specimen kuya ku-specimen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awusoze wathola ama-reindeer amabili anezimpondo ezifanayo, nakuba kubonakala kunzima ukukukholelwa.
Izilwane okumele balahlekelwe ngazo uma bebhekene nazo
Ama-reindeer ngokuvamile anamandla kakhulu futhi akukho silwane esingakwazi ukuwashaya, noma kunjalo, uma behlangana namabhere noma izimpisi bazogcina belahlekelwe. Kodwa abagcini nje ngokubhekana nezingozi ezinkulu ezivela ezilwaneni ezinkulu noma ezinonya kakhulu kunabo, kodwa futhi banolunye usongo... izinyoni ezidla inyama, nakuba zihlasela imidlwane kakhulu noma lezo zibonelo ezilimele. Ngeke babhekane ne-reindeer egcwele. Nokho, amawundlu enyamazane ngokuvamile alandela unina ngemva kwamahora ambalwa ezelwe, okuwenza abe isisulu esinzima. Futhi zikhula ngokushesha kangangokuthi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zigijima futhi zizidlisa.
Kanti badlani? Ngaphezu kwakho konke ulele ezingaluthola ngaphansi kweqhwa, kodwa futhi zidla amaqabunga ezihlahla notshani, ezizithola kalula ngenxa yomuzwa wazo omkhulu wokuhogela.
Zivame ukuhlala njengemihlambiAkuzona izilwane ezihlala zodwa kodwa zithanda ukuhlala ngamaqembu. Futhi nakuba sinenkolelo yokuthi zingathambisa, inkolelo ephawuleka ngokwengxenye ngomfanekiso kaSanta Claus onenyamazane, singasho ukuthi ziyizilwane ezifuywayo ingxenye. Okusho ukuthi, zingasetshenziswa ukuhudula amaPulks, okuyizihlibhi zaseScandinavia esizibone kumafilimu kaSanta Claus, kodwa ngeke sikwazi ukubanika imiyalo sengathi bayinja.
Inkinga yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ngeshwa, kukhona izibonelo ezimbalwa nezimbalwa zamanyamazane ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-reindeer esezingasekho.
Zinjani izinyamazane
Ama-reindeer angezinye zezilwane ezimbalwa eMhlabeni ezikwazi ukufuduka isikhathi eside. Uma sithi yinde kakhulu sisho u-5000 km ngonyaka, okushiwo maduze nje. Ngokuvamile, lapho kufika intwasahlobo noma ikwindla, ama-reindeer asuka ezindaweni zase-arctic ukuze athole ukubanda kancane kuya emadlelweni afudumele. Zenziwa ukuthi zimelane namazinga okushisa aphansi, kodwa zinemingcele yazo. Okunye okukhethekile yijubane abangahamba ngalo: 80 km/h.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzalanisa, sekuyisikhathi sokugcina amandla, ngakho amaduna ayayeka ukudla futhi azinikele ekunqobeni ezinsikazi kuphela. Ngamunye wabo unqoba abesifazane abangaba ngu-5 noma i-15, futhi kufanele alwe nabanye abesilisa cishe ngakunye kwaleyo mpumelelo ... yingakho bedinga amandla amaningi. Kungashiwo ukuthi lo msebenzi wokukhwelana ophithizelayo ubashiya bekhathele futhi begcwele amanxeba, kodwa banelisekile.
Ezisikazi zivame ukuzala kanye ngonyaka.. Futhi izinyamazane ezincane zizalwa zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwayi-3, kodwa ziyashesha ukukhuluphala ngoba ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa zizelwe ziqala ukuncela, ngehora elilodwa sezikwazi kakade ukuzondla ngemilenze yazo futhi zilandele umama ngezinyawo zabo, futhi enenyanga eyodwa nje ubudala bangakwazi ukudla yedwa.
Ngaphambi kokuthi siphawule ukuthi abesifazane babephila isikhathi eside, kodwa uyazi ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani? Iduna ngokuvamile liphila iminyaka engaba ngu-5 noma ngaphansi, ngokungafani nabesifazane abangaphila iminyaka eyi-15.
Zidlani izinyamazane?
Ukudla kwenyamazane kuncike kancane ekutheni isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ehlobo bavame ukudla utshani, amaqabunga esihlahla, ubulembu, amakhowe, utshani nama-fern.. Ebusika kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthola ukudla ngakho-ke ziphila ngobulembu nobulembu, okungcono kakhulu kokugcina. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi nakuba lokhu kuwukudla okuyinhloko kwe-reindeer kungase kuhluke, isibonelo, kukhona abanye abadla ama-lemmings, amaqanda ezinyoni kanye nama-salin ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa akuvamile.
Inyamazane nendoda
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi umuntu esondela kulesi silwane futhi ezama ukusifuya. Akumangazi Kuyisilwane esinamandla, esidla utshani futhi simelana kakhulu. Futhi uye waba ukudla kwabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Abantu babengazibulali nje ngenxa yenyama noma ubisi lwazo kuphela kodwa futhi ngenxa yesikhumba, izimpondo, namathambo, ababezenza ngazo izingubo namathuluzi.
Yini ehlukile nge-caribou ne-reindeer?
Iwuhlobo olufanayo lwezilwane ezincelisayo kodwa i-reindeer, njengoba sazi kahle, iyinyamazane ekwazile ukufuywa ukuze ithwale ama-pulks.. Nokho, i-caribou, igama elivela egameni elithi Mi'kmaq Qalipu (elibizwa ngokuthi hal-lay-boo ) futhi elisho "ifosholo leqhwa", iyinyamazane enezinselo ezibanzi, ngaphezu kwenyamazane.
Izimpondo, awekho amabili afanayo
izimpondo zenyamazane amathambo akhula ekhanda lakho unyaka nonyaka, okungukuthi, minyaka yonke ziyawa futhi ziphuma ezintsha. Lapho ewa, akuthathi isikhathi eside ukuthi akhule amasha, usuku ngalunye akhula aze afike ku-2 cm. Lesi sici sihlukile futhi phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo. Futhi, i-reindeer ngayinye inama-antlers ngendlela, ehlala ihlukile kunoma iyiphi enye inyamazane. Awekho ama-reindeer amabili anesimo esifanayo sezimpondo.
Izimpondo zazo ziwumthombo omkhulu wokudla kwezinye izilwane.
Izimpondo ezivuselelwa minyaka yonke futhi eziwayo azikhohliwe. Ziwukudla okucebile nge-calcium namaminerali ukuthi ezinye izilwane ezifana nama-rheoid, phakathi kokunye, ziyazi ukuthi zingasizakala kanjani.
Ubisi lwenyamazane lubhekwa njengolunye lobisi olunomsoco kakhulu olukhona emhlabeni wethu.
Ubisi lwe-reindeer lubhekwa njengolunye ubisi olunomsoco kakhulu kuwo wonke ubisi oluncelisayo eMhlabeni. Inephesenti eliphezulu lamafutha (22%) kanye namaprotheni (10%). Uma siqhathanisa, isibonelo, amafutha obisi lwenkomo nalawo enyamazane, sibona ukuthi inkomo ingamaphesenti amathathu noma amane kuphela.