Kulesi sihloko sizokukhombisa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ihlanganisa ini, i i-real estate crowdfundingYiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zayo futhi isebenza kanjani?
I-Real Estate Crowdfunding
Lapho uthenga umuzi, intengo ingesinye sezizathu ezinkulu ezenza abathengi babe nobunzima bokutshala imali ekhaya.
Namuhla, inani alisesona izaba; futhi kungenxa yesibalo se-real estate crowdfunding okuyindlela entsha yokutshala imali ekuthengeni ikhaya ngaphandle kokwenza imali eshisiwe. Okukhangayo kwalolu hlelo ukuthi ngemali encane ungatshala ku-real estate.
Njengamanje, zona kanye izinkampani ezinazo zonke izimvume nezitifiketi zokwenza lolu hlelo lokutshala izimali, kulindeleke ukuthi kuqalwe eminyakeni ezayo. Lolu hlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali kwezakhiwo olubizwa ngokuthi i-real estate crowdfunding, ingaphakathi kwezinhloso zayo zokwenza intando yeningi ukutshalwa kwezindlu ezithengiswayo eSpain.
Kulo lonke elaseYurophu baneminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kwethu, kodwa eSpain kusukela ku-2016 izinkampani kanye namapulatifomu avele asebenzisa lolu hlelo. Ikakhulukazi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni afana neMadrid neBarcelona.
Le modeli yezindlu ezithengiswayo iyathandeka ngempela, kodwa inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, ngakho-ke, sizokunikeza yonke imininingwane ukuze ukwazi ukukwazisa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlelo lokutshala izimali luqukethe ini.
Iyini i-real estate crowdfunding?
Abathuthukisi abasebenza nalezi zinkundla banikeza abatshalizimali bakusasa amaphrojekthi okuthenga ahlukene azo zonke izinhlobo zezindlu ezithengiswayo noma eziqashiwe esikhathini esizayo.
Abanikazi bamapulatifomu ezakhiwo bahlaziya amaphrojekthi ahlukene okudayiswa nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo, izakhiwo kanye nezindlu emadolobheni amakhulu anenani elikhulu labakhileyo.
Khona-ke, izinkampani eziqoqa imali yezindlu ezithengiswayo ziqala inqubo yokuqoqwa, ukuhlaziya imibhalo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimali ezitshaliwe, ngaleyo ndlela zikhiqize iphesenti elifanele lekhomishana yezinsizakalo zokweluleka ezenziwayo.
Ukusebenza Kwemodeli
Uma ukuhlaziya amaphrojekthi sekwenziwe, abatshalizimali bakhetha ukuthi iyiphi noma iyiphi abafuna ukubamba iqhaza kuyo kuye ngezinhlelo zabo zokutshala imali, izinsiza kanye nezinga lesu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezidingo ezithile zobuchwepheshe, ezihlanganisa umgwaqo, ubudala, indawo, idolobha, izinguquko kanye/noma ukulungiswa, phakathi kwezinye izici zobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yindawo yokuhlala noma yezohwebo..
Ngemuva kokukhetha nokuhlaziya izakhiwo, zifakwa endaweni yesikhulumi noma ekhasini lewebhu ukuze zizikhangise futhi zizikhangise. Ngale ndlela, labo abanentshisekelo bazokwazi ukutshala imali kuzo futhi bazongena emkhakheni wabatshalizimali kanye nabanikazi bezakhiwo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izindlu noma izakhiwo..
Eplatifomu noma kuwebhusayithi, imininingwane yephrojekthi ngayinye iyabikwa, okuhlanganisa isabelomali sokuqala, intengo yokuguqulwa, izinkokhelo zentela kanye nenzuzo etholwa ukuqasha nokudayiswa lapho inani lemakethe elisungulwe ngaphambilini selifinyelelwe.
Iningi lezakhiwo ezitholiwe zakhiwa kabusha, zalungiswa futhi zaqashwa. Uhlelo lunenjongo, ngokuqasha lwenza inzuzo enkulu kanye/noma usizo, luyalindwa kuze kube yilapho intengo yemakethe yendlu yanele ukuthengisa nokubuyisela okulingana nokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala.
Uma ufuna ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe, emakethe yezezimali ebanzi, ebandakanya ukutshala imali, ngikumema ukuthi ubone isixhumanisi esilandelayo Ukukalwa Kwengozi Yezezimali
Izinzuzo
Phakathi kwezinzuzo ze-real estate crowdfunding sithola:
- Ngokungafani nezimali zendabuko zezindlu ezithengiswayo, nge-crowdfunding yezindlu, abantu abajwayelekile banethuba lokuba abatshalizimali futhi bakhethe ukuthi imaphi amaphrojekthi esingatshala kuwo ngokonga kwethu.
- Ukuvula ithuba lokutshala imali ezakhiweni zezindlu nezohwebo kubantu abaningi, ngokuvamile abangenawo amandla okuthenga noma amandla omnotho. Lolu hlelo lukuvulela ithuba lokwenza kanjalo.
- Umtshali-zimali unethuba lokungena futhi aphume noma nini lapho efuna. Kuyindlela enhle yokutshala imali ohlelweni lwamabhange, kanye nomkhiqizo omusha.
nebubi
Phakathi kokubi kwe-real estate crowdfunding kukhona:
- Esinye isici esibi ukuguquguquka kwemakethe yezindlu ezithengiswayo engakwazi ukukhiqiza igagasi engxenyeni yabaqagela nokuthi intengo yemakethe yezindlu iyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi ayihlali ihleliwe.
- Izazi zeluleka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwamapulatifomu, abanye basemakethe abanolwazi oluncane noma abangenalo nhlobo emakethe yezindlu nezindlu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi inkundla ye-crowdfunding iqhutshwe ngabantu abakhethekile ekutshalweni kwezindlu ezithengiswayo.
Kukhona ubungozi obungathi sína futhi bukhulu, njengoba ungakwazi ukulawula imali oyitshalayo. Kunconywa ukuthi inkundla igcine abatshalizimali benolwazi ngazo zonke izinqubo ezisingathwa kuyo nokuthi kunezinga lokungafihli nokwethembana.
Izinhlobo ze-crowdfunding
Ngokohlobo lokucatshangelwa abatshalizimali abakutholayo emakethe, i-crowdfunding yezindlu eyaziwa kakhulu yile:
I-Crowdfunding yomnikelo
Kulolu hlobo, isibalo sabatshalizimali asiphathwa, kodwa sabaxhasi; Abantu abanikela ngezimali zalolu hlelo benza kanjalo ngokungenasithakazelo, ngaphandle kokulindela ukubuyiselwa okuthile ngeminikelo yabo.
umvuzo crowdfunding
Lolu hlobo luyagqama uma kubhekwa ukuthi labo abanikela ngezimali bathola umkhiqizo noma isevisi ngokubuyisela, okuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi benze ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwephrojekthi.
i-crowdfunding yokutshala imali
Abatshalizimali bathola ingxenye yemali enkulu yenkampani, ethuthukisa iphrojekthi. Ngesikhathi lapho iqoqa inani lemali edingekayo futhi yethulwa, abanikeli bathola imbuyiselo.
i-crowdfunding yokuboleka
Kuphinde kubizwe ngokuthi "crowdlending" ngokuhunyushelwa kwayo esiNgisini. Kulokhu, abatshalizimali bathola ngokushintshanisa imali engenayo yenzalo yanyanga zonke, kanye nembuyiselo yemali yokuqala enikelwe.
I-Crowd Factoring noma ukuhweba ngama-invoyisi
Iqukethe inkampani edinga ukuxhaswa ngezimali, isaphulelo sezikweletu zayo kanye namanothi ezithembiso okusalinde ukuvuthwa ukuze ithole imali yokukhokha kusengaphambili.
Isinxephezelo esitholwa abatshalizimali sisekelwe ekubuyiselweni kwezimali ezitshaliwe kanye nenzalo, kulandela lokho okusungulwe nenkampani.
umkhuba okhona
Imodeli ye i-crowdfunding, ufikile emakethe yezindlu ngezinhloso eziningi zokuhlala. Uma singeke sikuqinisekise ukuthi iwuhlobo lokuqala lokutshalwa kwezimali oluthandwayo, singacacisa ukuthi ngokuqhubekayo ithatha indawo ephezulu njengenye indlela yomkhakha wemakethe leyo, ngemali encane, engazange ibe nezinketho eziningi zokuyitshala.
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesimo lusekude ukuba lube uhlelo olwamukelwa iningi labatshalizimali noma, uma behluleka lokho, ngeningi elikhulu, imiphumela yokuhlangenwe nakho okuye kwaba khona iphakamisa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo sizobe sibhekene ne- amandla emodeli yokutshala imali
Iba nezinkundla ezitholakalayo zokuqoqa imali kuzo zonke izindlela zayo; Noma yimuphi umuntu kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba angenza isinqumo sokulahla inhloko-dolobha yakhe, ukuze asekele ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu ezithengiswayo, ezingatholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba.
Izingosi zokutshalwa kwezimali kwezinye izimakethe kusobala ukuthi sezikhona kakade, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi izimakethe zezimali zivela zinesithakazelo esithile ku-real estate lishintsha futhi landisa amathuba okuba nezwe elingcono kakhulu kokubili esikhathini esimaphakathi mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, sizothola izinga lobungozi njenganoma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali, kodwa uma sikhuluma ngezimali kumaphrojekthi wezindlu ezithengiswayo, ukwesaba ngakho-ke ingozi ingasingathwa kancane; Ngakho-ke, le nqubo iza njengokukhululeka noma ukuzola kumtshali-zimali.
Indlela yokutshala imali ku-real estate ngaphandle kwemali
Abantu abacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi batshale imali kuzindlu ezithengiswayo ngenxa yokushoda kwabo, intela kanye nencane imali, manje sebenendlela eqondile yokwenza lokho ngokusebenzisa imali. crowdfunding ukuthengisa izindlu.
Ngohlelo lwe-crowdfunding, ukutshala imali kwizindlu ezithengiswayo kulula futhi kulula. Ngokumane ukhethe iphothali oyikhethayo futhi ugcwalise ifomu ngedatha eyisisekelo, bese uqhubeka nokwenza umnyakazo nokubeka kumaphothifoliyo ahlukahlukene wamaphrojekthi ongawanikeza ohlwini lwakho lokusungula.
Uma inqubo yokujoyina isiqediwe futhi kuye ngokukhethwa kwephothali yakho, ezinye izindlela zokutshala izimali zizokwethulwa. Ungenza isinqumo sokukhetha iphrojekthi ocabanga ukubeka kuyo ukutshalwa kwezimali noma, uma wehluleka, uvumele i-algorithm yephothali yenze isinqumo njengenye indlela yokukhetha.
Lezi zimali ezitshaliwe zinento eyingqayizivele ethakazelisayo, ukuthi umtshali-zimali unethuba lokuqapha ukusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela, okungase usethulele isimo sokungafihli lutho nokuphepha, ohlelweni lokuqhuba amaphrojekthi lapho inhloko-dolobha itshalwe khona.
Izinkundla ezingcono kakhulu ze-crowdfunding yezindlu
Sizosho ezinye zezinkundla eziphethwe kakhulu emakethe yezezimali, imodeli ye-real estate crowdfunding, lokhu okulandelayo:
EstateGuru
Le nkampani yaqala imisebenzi ngo-2016 isungula indlunkulu emazweni amaningana e-eurozone ngemuva kokuqala e-Estonia.
Iphinde yaba semakethe kusukela ngo-2016 futhi ikhona eSpain, Italy nasePortugal. Kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi iyona eyandulelayo kulezi zinqubo, enamalungu angaphezu kwe-100 futhi afuna ama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-000, aqongelele imali yokuxhasa ngezimali izakhiwo ezicishe zibe ngu-100.
I-BrickStarter
Isebenze kusukela ngo-2017 eSpain, ikakhulukazi eValencia. Ulayini wayo uhloselwe ukutshalwa kwezindlu nezindawo emkhakheni wezokuvakasha, unikeza amathuba anenzuzo futhi usekelwe olwazini oluqoqwe kumasayithi okubhuka edijithali abaluleke kakhulu.
EvoEstate
Eyakamuva kakhulu emakethe, iqale imisebenzi yayo ngonyaka ka-2019 futhi ithathe isikhundla esihle kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ihlanganisa izinkampani ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili eziphethe ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezithengiswayo okukhethekile.
I-Real estate crowdfunding: Imibono yabasebenzisi
Inzuzo ekhangayo kakhulu ye-crowdfunding ye-real estate yiqiniso lokuthi ikuvumela ukuthi utshale umkhakha wezakhiwo ngemali encane kanye nempahla eyodwa. Iphinde inikeze umtshali-zimali ithuba lokungena futhi aphume kulo mkhakha ngokubona kwabo.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuthi umnotho wokubambisana uyakhula futhi abantu abaningi banesithakazelo ekubambeni iqhaza kuwo, ukuze i-crowdfunding izokhula kancane kancane, kuzuzwe ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwamaphrojekthi ngokuphindaphindiwe, amandla kanye nomfutho.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, inobungozi njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngokufanayo, imakethe yezindlu ezithengiswayo iyaguquguquka futhi akekho onesiqiniseko sokuthi okuthengayo namuhla kungase kungehli kusasa.
Njengoba kuyimodeli yebhizinisi entsha nentsha, kuvamile ukuthi kuningi ukungaqiniseki mayelana nokusebenza kanye nengozi yokutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe kulezi zinkundla.
Ezingosini eziningi abathintiwe ngazo ababambiqhaza ukuze bathole umbono ojwayelekile wabasebenzisi, sithole ukuthi iningi ligqamisa isevisi yamakhasimende yalezi zinkundla. Benza utshalomali olukhulu ezinsizeni, ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokuqhubekayo nomsebenzisi, abakujabulelayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemibono evela kubasebenzisi abaningi futhi abanolwazi olungcono, abenze futhi bangena emakethe yezindlu ezithengiswayo futhi abazi ubungozi kanye nembuyiselo yale misebenzi kanye nokuphathwa kwamapulatifomu.
Iningi lemibono yabasebenzisi, abanolwazi ngemodeli, ligqamisa amaphuzu athile angakholisi ngokugcwele umphakathi jikelele:
1- Inzuzo
Njengoba kuyimodeli yebhizinisi entsha nentsha, kuvamile ukuthi kuningi ukungaqiniseki mayelana nokusebenza kanye nengozi yokutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe kulezi zinkundla.
Ezingosini eziningi abathintiwe ngazo ababambiqhaza ukuze bathole umbono ojwayelekile wabasebenzisi, sithole ukuthi iningi ligqamisa isevisi yamakhasimende yalezi zinkundla.
Benza utshalomali olukhulu ezinsizeni, ukuze kugcinwe ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokuqhubekayo nomsebenzisi, abakujabulelayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemibono evela kubasebenzisi abaningi futhi abanolwazi olungcono, abenze futhi bangena emakethe yezindlu ezithengiswayo futhi abazi ubungozi kanye nembuyiselo yale misebenzi kanye nokuphathwa kwamapulatifomu.
2- Utshalomali olungaguquki
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuhlaziyeni nasekucabangeni okwenziwe kumodeli, akunakwenzeka ukuvala ukubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi yalolu hlobo kusukela osukwini olulodwa kuya kolunye, okungukuthi, ngendlela engafanele.
3 - Isikhathi eside
Iningi lala maphrojekthi linenzuzo ephakathi kuka-3 noma 4%, engaphezu kweholo elingaguquki, kodwa ingaphansi kweholo eliguquguqukayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzodingeka ulinde kuze kuphele ukuze uxazulule futhi ubuyisele i-investment plus dividends, ngezinye izikhathi ezithatha isikhathi eside, iminyaka.
4- Ukuvikeleka okusemthethweni
Ezinye zalezi zinkundla zibhaliswe Nezinhlangano Zezifundazwe ezinekhono ukuze zinikeze imvume yokusebenza kwazo futhi zigunyazwe njengenkampani exhasa ngezimali lapho zizobamba iqhaza khona. Leli lungelo alibonisi ukuthi ukonga kwakho kuqinisekisiwe kunoma yisiphi isimo, ngoba akuxhunywanga kunoma yisiphi isikhwama segaranti.
i-crowdfunding
I-micro-patronage iqukethe ukukhangisa komuntu onentshisekelo yokuxhasa ngezimali inkampani noma ibhizinisi alisebenzelayo, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali okuhlanganyelwe okuvela kubabolekisi noma abatshalizimali abazimele abavele bazwelane nephrojekthi, noma baphishekele isikweletu esinikezwa ngumboleki.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yempumelelo yalolu hlobo loxhaso lwezimali incike ekuhlelweni komphakathi lapho iphrojekthi ihlanganiswa khona, izinkundla eziphelele kakhulu zokuthola imali manje zinokusekelwa ku-inthanethi.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-crowdfunding
Ngezansi sizosho ezinye izinzuzo kanye nokubi zemodeli yokutshala imali ye-Crowdfunding:
- Okuhle kunakho konke, akudingekile ukuba umuntu oyedwa abe nesinyathelo sokunikela ngayo yonke imali edingekayo, ngoba izoqoqwa ngokulinganayo isuka emalini emincane evela emaqenjini abatshalizimali. Nakuba iphrojekthi efuna ukuxhaswa ngezimali yenziwa yaziwe, kungase kube khona ithuba lokuthola amakhasimende angaba khona, okuzoqinisa ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi.
- Omunye umniningwane obalulekile otholakalayo wukubamba abathengi bokuqala, abangabatshalizimali, abangathembeka kakhulu kuphrojekthi futhi baze bazise abanye abantu. Uma othile enentshisekelo yokutshala imali kumkhiqizo noma isevisi, yingoba bayakholelwa kuyo, futhi kubonakaliswa ukuzethemba okuyisinqumo esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubo.
- Ikuvumela ukuthi uthole umbono wamathuba okuphumelela, lapho umbono webhizinisi wethulwa, kepha uma ungasebenzi, akukho lutho olulahlekile, futhi akwenziwe izikweletu ezinkulu.
- Ayinasimo, futhi ayincikile kunoma yimuphi umuntu, kukhona ukulawula iphrojekthi ngokwayo, futhi ububanzi obungaba nabo buzokwaziwa futhi umkhiqizo ungadayiswa ngaphambi kokuba udalwe.
- Ububi yisidingo sokudalula iphrojekthi, uma isesigabeni sokuqala, futhi lokhu kuveza umgqugquzeli emathubeni okuthi umbono wakhe uzothathwa ngezinye izinkampani ukuze ziwufeze.
- Okunye okuhlehlayo kwalolu hlobo lokuxhaswa ngezimali ukuthi bambalwa abantu noma izinkampani ezizimisele ukutshala imali kule miklamo, njengoba isesigabeni sokuqala, idlulisa ukungathembani nokungazethembi ekuqhutshweni kwayo.