Lihlukaniswe kanjani iBhayibheli lamaKatolika: Izilimi, Izingxenye Nezincwadi

Uyazi ukuthi iBhayibheli lamaKhatholika lihlukaniswe kanjani?Yebo, kulesi sihloko sizokunikeza yonke imininingwane yokuthi lencwadi yaqanjwa kanjani, enakho konke okuhlobene nokholo nezimfundiso zeBhayibheli.

Lihlukaniswe kanjani iBhayibheli lamaKatolika

IBhayibheli lifana nomtapo wolwazi omkhulu ogcwele izincwadi, lapho ungabona khona isakhiwo esikhulu esinamazinga amabili okuthiwa iTestamente Elidala neLisha. Ukuhamba kuyo kufana nokuthola indlela enhle enokukhanya okukusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukwakheka kwayo nezigaba.

Lapho ufunda iBhayibheli uyoba ezandleni zakho usizo olukhulu olungakushukumisela ukuba uguqule ukuphila kwakho futhi ubone yonke into ngendlela ehlukile, futhi ungaqonda uthando olukhulu uJesu ayenalo ngathi. IwuMtapo wolwazi ogcwele ukuhlakanipha.

General Division

IBhayibheli lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, iTestamente Elidala neTestamente Elisha. Kuqale kwabizwa diatheke, igama lesiGreki elisho ukuhlelwa noma isivumelwano kodwa kamuva elisuselwa eTestamenteni elisuka kwelesiLatini ITestamente, futhi kusenalelo gama kuze kube namuhla ukusho izingxenye ezimbili zeBhayibheli.

Abantu abahumusha besusela esiGrekini, esaziwa ngokuthi i-Septuagint, bathatha leli gama kwelesiHebheru Berit, okusho isivumelwano sobukhosi, futhi kanye naso, kwabhekiselwa kumfelandawonye owawuphakathi kwamaHeberu aseSinayi noNkulunkulu noma uJehova.

I-Numerical Division of the Bible

Zimbili kuphela izinkolo ezibuswa yizimfundiso zeBhayibheli, eyamaJuda neyobuKristu, eyesibili ihlukaniswe yaba ama-Orthodox, amaKhatholika namanye amahlelo obuKristu. KumaJuda, ulwazi noma izimfundiso ezitholakala eTestamenteni Elidala kuphela ezisebenzayo, ezihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu:

• Umthetho
• Abaprofethi
• Eminye imibhalo engcwele

Sezizonke baqaphela izincwadi ezingama-39 kuphela, kwezingama-46 ezitholakala eTestamenteni Elidala. KumaKhatholika athatha iBhayibheli eliphelele ngezimfundiso zawo nezincwadi zalo ezingama-73, ezingama-46 zeTestamente Elidala nezingama-27 zeTestamente Elisha. AmaProthestani aqaphela kuphela izincwadi ezingama-39 zeTestamente Elidala nezingu-27 zeTestamente Elisha, ezincwadini zeBhayibheli ezingama-66 sezizonke. Umehluko kuzo zonke awukho kulokho okutholakala eTestamenteni elisha kodwa kwelidala.

Phambilini bekunenkolelo yokuthi inkolo yobuJuda isekelwe ezimisweni ezimbili zenkolo, i-Alexandria kanye neyasePalestine, yingakho isonto lacubungula i-Alexandria eyayiyinde noma ibanzi kakhulu, kepha kusukela ngekhulu lokuqala noma lesibili leminyaka ngemuva kukaKristu banquma ukugcina inguqulo yasePalestine. mfishane yingakho umehluko enanini lezincwadi abazibonayo. Lezi zinkolelo-ze zahlala isikhathi eside zinjalo kodwa kamuva zenqatshwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene:

• Okokuqala, ukuthi ukuhunyushwa kweBhayibheli lisuka olimini lwesiHeberu liyiswa esiGrekini akuzange kwenziwe ngendlela eyodwa, futhi okungaphansi kwalokho kangangokuthi lahunyushwa kanyekanye.
• Okwesibili, iningi lezincwadi ezaziwayo zeBhayibheli kwakuyilezo ezihunyushwe yi-Septuagint, futhi lezi zazisekelwe kumakhodi obuKristu avela ku-IV kanye namakhulu eminyaka V emva kukaKristu, ngakho-ke amagama obuKristu ayesesetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi futhi yingakho kuneziguquko eziningi. amaphuzu.
• Okwesithathu kumaJuda asePalestine kwakungekho ukufana mayelana nokuthi banani ohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli, ngakho kwakungekho nohlu lwezincwadi zasePalestine.

Ngalezi zizathu ezintathu akwaziwa ukuthi yayimiphi imikhawulo eqondile yezincwadi ezaziqashelwa amaJuda ase-Aleksandriya, ngakho-ke kufanele kube nezincwadi ezivela ePalestine, Alexandria, imibhalo ebhalwe ngesiGreki njengeNcwadi Yokuhlakanipha, ngesiHeberu, isi-Aramu. , njll.

Ngale ndlela, kokubili amasonto amaKatolika nama-Orthodox, ngoMkhandlu WaseHippo, owaba khona ngo-383 ngemva kukaKristu, akwenza kwacaca ukuthi izincwadi ezaziphefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu kwakuyi-protocanonical (UMthetho Wokuqala), i-deuterocanonical (UMthetho Wesibili ) kamuva yagunyazwa eMkhandlwini waseTrent ngo-1546.

Ukusuka lapho kunganqunywa njengengxabano eyodwa ukuze ibe nezincwadi ezingama-73 hhayi 66 ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthi umphakathi wokuqala wamaKristu owakhiwa abaPhostoli nabafundi bakaJesu wasebenzisa inguqulo yeBhayibheli ye-Septuagint yesiGreki, ngamanye amazwi iTestamente Elidala elinezincwadi ezingu-46.
• Ukuthi lapho uJesu etshela uPetru ukuthi uyomnika izihluthulelo zoMbuso kaNkulunkulu nokuthi lokho okuboshiwe emhlabeni kuyoboshwa nasezulwini futhi okukhululiwe emhlabeni nakho kuyokhululwa ezulwini, kuholela ekubeni sikuqonde futhi sikuvume lokho. labo amaKristu okuqala abakholwa, benza futhi abasebenzisa egameni noma ngezwi nabo kufanele bakholwe.
• Izaba eziningi ezazisetshenziswa amaJuda zokungazamukeli ngokugcwele izincwadi zikaDuteronomi eTestamenteni Elidala ababezisebenzisa kwakungenxa yokuthi babengenalo igunya likaNkulunkulu, ngoba ngonyaka ka-100 ngemva kukaKristu umphakathi wamaKrestu wawusuvele usunguliwe futhi base benegunya. ensimini yabo.

Kafushane, okubaluleke kakhulu kithina kuyo yonke le diatribe ukuthi iBhayibheli njengoba silazi linezincwadi ezingama-73 eziphefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu, okusho ukuthi liyizwi likaNkulunkulu elalotshwa ngezikhathi ezithile zeSiko, nokuthi Akukho okungenezelwa kukho futhi, yiqiniso, akukho lutho olungasuswa kukho, njengoba isivumelwano sikaNkulunkulu sokugcina nathi ngeke sidlule futhi ngeke kudingeke silinde esinye isambulo kuze kube yilapho uJesu Kristu ebuya futhi njengenkosi nenkosi yethu. .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuwukuphela kwesonto eliye ladlulisela izwi likaNkulunkulu emhlabeni wonke kuye kwaba iSonto LamaKatolika ngokusebenzisa izindela ezihlukahlukene, ngokusebenzisa izindela zalo ezakopisha imibhalo engcwele, ngezinkonzo zazo zokukhulekela, imikhosi yazo ezungeze uKristu nangokubonisa kubo bonke ukuthi iBhayibheli. ngokwayo iqukethe. Angeke kwemukeleke iBhayibheli uma ibandla eliqaphe konke elikuqukethe lingamukelwa ukuze lingalahleki.

Izincwadi ezazingamukelwanga ubuJuda namanye amahlelo enkolo ngezikaTobias, uJudith, Wisdom, uSirakhi, uBharuki nezincwadi 1 no-2 zikaMaccabees.

I-Thematic Division

Uma sihlukanisa ngezindikimba zebhayibheli kumele futhi sikwenze ngeTestamente Elidala, ngezikhathi zikaKristu nanamuhla amaJuda aselokhu ehlukaniswa kanjena, kwakukhona izincwadi zoMthetho, zabaProfethi kanye neminye imibhalo. Kulawa amabili okuqala abaluleke kakhulu kumaJuda. UKristu wacaphuna kakhulu emibhalweni yetestamente elidala, lezi zazisetshenziswa emihlanganweni.

Njengamanje nangeBandla lamaKhatholika eTestamenteni eliDala ihlukaniswe yaba izincwadi ezinhlanu ezibizwa ngokuthi iPentateuch, leli gama lisuselwa kwelesiGreek penta elisho ezinhlanu kanye noTeuco okusho ukuthi Izinsimbi. Kusuka lapho kwavela inkulumo yamacala, okwakulapho imiqulu ye-papyrus noma izincwadi zazigcinwa khona. Lezi zincwadi ezinhlanu zamaJuda ziyibiza ngokuthi iTorah noma uMthetho futhi ngayinye yazo imele ingxenye yesihlanu yomthetho. IPentateuch yakhiwe yizincwadi ezithi:

• Ufuduko
• UGenesise
• OkungesiLevitikusi
• Números
• UDuteronomi

Bese kuba khona Izincwadi Zokuhlakanipha:

• AmaHubo
• UJobe
• Izaga
• Umshumayeli
• Isihlabelelo sezihlabelelo
• Ukuhlakanipha
• Sirach noma Ecclesiasticus

I-Historical Books ilandelayo:

• UJosue
• I-Rut
• Mina Samuweli
• II Samuweli
• I Amakhosi
• II Amakhosi
• I IziKronike
• II IziKronike
• I-Esdras
• UNehemiya
• UTobias
• Judit
• ester
• Abahluleli
• Mina Maccabees
• II Maccabees

KumaJuda abaprofethi bangaphambili kwakunguJoshuwa, abaHluleli, uSamuweli kanye namaKhosi njengoba bexoxa izindaba zezimpilo zabaprofethi abakhulu kakhulu njengo-Eliya, u-Elisha noSamuweli. KumaKhatholika laba baziwa ngokuthi abaprofethi kuphela.

EBhayibhelini lesiGriki iNcwadi kaSamuweli kanye neNcwadi yamaKhosi kwakuyincwadi eyodwa, ngendlela efanayo okwenzeka ngayo ngeziKronike okwakuyincwadi eyodwa kanye noEzra noNehemiya ezithathwa njengezomlobi oyedwa. IBhayibheli lesiGreki kamuva neVulgate uSaint Jerome ayibhalela incwadi yeziKronike yaziwa ngokuthi iParalipomenos. Ngemva kwalezi zincwadi kufika Izincwadi Zesiprofetho:

• U-Isaya
• UJeremias
• Ukukhala
• UBaruc
• Ezequiel
• Daniel
• UHoseya
• Joel
• UAmose
• UObhadiya
• UJona
• UMika
• UNahume
• UHabakuki
• UZefaniya
• UZakariya
• UMalaki

Manje eTestamenteni Elisha sithola izigaba noma izingxenye ezi-4, eziqala ngamaVangeli, iZenzo zabaPhostoli, Izincwadi zeTestamente Elisha kanye nezincwadi zamaKhatholika. AmaVangeli ngalawa: San Mateo, San Marcos, San Lucas kanye San Juan.

IzEnzo ZabaPhostoli: Kuleli qembu kunezincwadi noma izincwadi ezingama-21 ezalotshwa abaphostoli.

Izincwadi zeTestamente Elisha: yenziwe ngezincwadi ezehlukene ezabhalwa abaphostoli noma abafundi futhi ezazibhekiswe kubantu bangaleso sikhathi: KwabaseRoma, I no-II KwabaseKorinte, KwabaseGalathiya, Kwabase-Efesu, KwabaseFilipi, KwabaseKolose, I no-II KwabaseThesalonika, I no-II uThimothewu, uThithu, uFilemoni namaHeberu.

Izincwadi ZamaKatolika ziyizincwadi ezabhalwa abaphostoli yilezo zikaSantiago, I kanye no-II Pedro; I, II no-III Johane; Jude kanye ne-Apocalypse.

IPentateuch noma iTorah

Lezi yizincwadi ezikhuluma ngendlela uNkulunkulu adala ngayo umhlaba, ukuthi u-Abrahama wakhethwa kanjani, iyini imithetho nezimfundiso nezimfundiso nokuthi babunjani ubudlelwano bukaNkulunkulu nabantu bakhe, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zincwadi zabhalwa umprofethi uMose, zikaJesu ngokwakhe wazibiza ngokuthi Umthetho KaMose (Luka 24:44). Izindikimba ezifanele zalezi zincwadi ezinhlanu yilezi:

• Impilo ka-Adamu no-Eva
• Ubuhlobo bukaKayini no-Abela
• Ukwakhiwa komkhumbi kaNowa
• Ukwakhiwa kombhoshongo waseBabele
• Umlando wemizi yaseSodoma neGomora
• Indaba ka-Abrahama nomkakhe uSara
• Indaba ka-Isaka noRebeka
• Ubudlelwane phakathi kukaJakobe no-Esawu
• Indaba kaJosefa nejazi elinemibala eminingi
• Ukuphila kukaMose kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe, kuze kube yilapho ekwazi ukukhulula abantu bakwa-Israyeli, ukuthi wawela kanjani uLwandle Olubomvu, iPhasika, imiyalo engu-10 nomphongolo wesivumelwano kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.
• Kwenzekani ezizweni ezingu-12 zakwa-Israyeli?
• Yonke imithetho, amasiko nemikhosi yabantwana bakwa-Israyeli.

izincwadi zomlando

Kule ngxenye yeBhayibheli kukhulunywa ngakho konke ngomlando wabantu bakwa-Israyeli nokuthi kwakufanele balwe kanjani ukuze bakwazi ukuba seZweni Lesithembiso nokuthi bangalilondoloza kanjani ngaphansi kwabaholi babaHluleli namaKhosi. Kulokhu uzothola konke mayelana nokwakheka kuka-Israyeli njengabantu, ababengaphansi kokubusa kwabo, ukuthi babezinikele kanjani kuNkulunkulu nokuthi zaziyini izinkinga eziningi zomoya nokuthi babekezelela kanjani ukuze bazinqobe. Izihloko ezikhanga kakhulu zalezi zincwadi yilezi:

• Ukuphila kukaJoshuwa ukudlula kwakhe eJordani nokuwa kwezindonga zaseJeriko
• Indaba kaSamsoni noDelila
• Indaba kaRuthe noNawomi
• Impilo kaSamuweli
• Indaba yeNkosi uSawule, uDavide noGoliyati, nokuthi uDavide waba iNkosi kanjani.
• Impilo yeNkosi uSolomoni neNdlovukazi yaseSheba, ukwakhiwa kweThempeli
• Izindaba zabaprofethi u-Eliya no-Elisha
• Amakhosi akwa-Israyeli nezimpi zawo
• Wahlukaniswa kanjani umbuso wakwa-Israyeli?
• Isikhathi sokudingiswa kanye nokubuya kwakhe okwalandela
• UJudith no-Esteri

Izincwadi Zenkondlo noma Izincwadi Zokuhlakanipha

Lezi zincwadi zigcwele amavesi, izisho nezaga, uthola namahubo ayimikhuleko eyahlukene eyayihlatshelelwa ihubo lokudumisa uNkulunkulu. Iningi lamaHubo lalotshwa iNkosi uDavide, kodwa kukhona amanye abhalwa uSolomoni. Izihloko ezithakazelisa kakhulu zalezi zincwadi yilezi:

• Impilo nokuhlupheka kukaJobe
• amahubo angu-150
• izaga
• Amazwi okuhlakanipha
• Ingoma yezingoma

Izincwadi Zesiprofetho

Ziyizincwadi ezingasitshela konke mayelana nezibikezelo zesikhathi samanje nekusasa labantu bakwa-Israyeli, izindlela uNkulunkulu akhuluma ngazo nabo, nokuthi kungani amaKhatholika kufanele akholelwe kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, abe nokholo, njengoba ekhuluma. kithi ngeBhayibheli. Kule ngxenye ungathola ulwazi ngabaProfethi Abakhulu: u-Isaya, uJeremiya kanye noHezekeli; nabaprofethi abancane: uDaniyeli, uHoseya, uJoweli, u-Amose, noJona.

Amavangeli

Le yimibhalo esitshela ngokuphila kukaJesu Kristu kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe kuze kube sekufeni nokuvuka kwakhe. Okugqame kakhulu kulezi yizihloko ezihambisana nalokhu:

• Ukuzalwa kukaJesu
• Indaba yeMagi
• Umndeni kaJesu (uJosefa noMariya)
• UJesu walahleka ethempelini
• UJesu uya ehlane
• Ubhapathizo lukaJesu
• Izibusiso kanye noBaba wethu
• Umfanekiso kaJesu nezimangaliso zakhe
• Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina
• Ukukhaphela kukaJude
• Ukuphika kukaPetru
• Ukuvuka kukaKristu

Izenzo zabaphostoli

Indlela umphakathi wokuqala wamaKrestu owaqala ngayo ukwakha nokuhlalisana iyalandiswa, kukholakala ukuthi iwukuqhutshekwa kweVangeli likaLuka, njengoba zibhalwa ngumbhali ofanayo. Abakubheke kakhulu kulezi zincwadi yizindikimba ezithi: ukwenyukela kukaJesu ezulwini, ukuthi uMoya oNgcwele ufika kanjani ngePhentekoste, ebandleni lokuqala, ukubulawa kwabangcwele bokuqala, ukuphenduka kukaSawulu, imisebenzi kaPetru kanye Manje uSawulu wabiza uPawulu nezimangaliso zakhe.

Izincwadi

Yakhiwe ngezincwadi ezingu-21, ingxenye yazo eyabhalwa nguSaint uPawulu futhi eyayiqondiswe emiphakathini yamaKrestu nabaholi bayo, kuzo izimfundiso, kwenziwa izixwayiso, bakhuthazwa ukuba baqhubeke ekukholweni, kwenziwa ukulungiswa futhi ulwazi luthunyelwa imiphakathi, amabandla okuqala. Izihloko ezigqama kakhulu yilezi:

• Indlela yokubonga
• Ukukholwa kulungisiswa kanjani?
• Uyini uMthetho
• Iyini i-Ekaristi Engcwele
• Izipho
• imfihlakalo yebandla
• Ukuhlupheka
• Incazelo kaKristu nesiphambano sakhe
• Kwakuyini ukuziphatha kobuKristu?

I-Apocalypse noma Incwadi yesAmbulo

Kulezi zincwadi okuthiwa zibhalwe uJohane, ukubonakaliswa kukaNkulunkulu njengomnikazi wendawo yonke kukhulunywa ngakho, lezi zincwadi ziye zaba yindaba yokuhunyushwa okungeyikho okuningi.

Ungalifunda kanjani iBhayibheli lamaKatolika?

Lapho befunda iBhayibheli, abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi bathola ulwazi oluvamile kulo, balibheka ngenxa yelukuluku noma ngesidingo. Kodwa empeleni ukuze uyiqonde kufanele ube nendlela yokuyifunda, lezi zincwadi ngokwazo azinakho ukulandelana kwazo futhi azibhalwanga ngokulandelana kwazo.

Isigaba ngasinye seBhayibheli sigcwele ukufundwa, uma ufunda incwadi ethile ubungayenza kusukela esahlukweni sokuqala uze ufinyelele ekugcineni, neBhayibheli kufanele wenze okufanayo.

Ingabe konke okulotshiwe ngoNkulunkulu kulotshiwe nguNkulunkulu?

Ziningi izincwadi ezikhuluma ngoNkulunkulu, futhi singazithola izinkulungwane zeminyaka. KumaMayya kwakukhona iPopol Vuh, kumaBuddha kukhona amaRamayana namaMahabaratha. Kodwa lokho thina maKristu esikwaziyo kwenzeka ngokufa kukaJesu Kristu, lapho eziningi zemisebenzi nezimfundiso zakhe ziqala ukubhalwa.

Eziningi zazo zibhekwa njengemithombo yangempela nethembekile yokuphila kukaJesu, kodwa kwezinye izimo eziningi zasungulwa ukuze nje kuzuze abalandeli abengeziwe. Miningi imibhalo lapho esikhombisa umntwana uJesu owanikezwa izimangaliso eziningi njengokuphila amathoyizi akhe noma ukuthi wayekhuluma nezilwane, kodwa njengoba kungekho okushiwo okwenzeka empilweni kaJesu kusukela eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala. kwaze kwaba ngu-30 lapho eqala ivangeli lakhe, lezi zincwadi zazibhekwa njenge-Apocrypha.

Ngesiko labaphostoli amandla amakhulu anikezwa ebandleni, aqoqa ngazo zonke izincwadi, wazihlaziya ngokuningiliziwe, futhi ngokukhanyiselwa kukaMoya oNgcwele, wakhetha futhi kuzo zonke izincwadi ababezikhethile kuphela 73 , athi ihlelo liyizwi likaNkulunkulu. Kamuva babahlanganisa encwadini eyodwa abayibiza ngokuthi IBhayibheli noma Incwadi Engcwele YemiBhalo.

IBhayibheli lalibhekwa njengeliyiqiniso neliwukuphela kwezwi likaNkulunkulu, elilotshwe nguye esebenzisa ama-hagiographer. Njengoba uMoya oNgcwele wawukhona ekukhetheni imisebenzi, ibandla lisitshela ukuthi kufanele sibe nesiqiniseko sokuthi kubhalwe iqiniso kuphela, iqiniso elithembekile futhi elingenaphutha.

KunamaBhayibheli amaningi ahlukahlukene.Yiliphi elihle?

Sithola amaBhayibheli amaningi phakathi kwawo yilelo lamaMormon, elinye labantu, leli likaGidiyoni, laseLatin America, eloFakazi BakaJehova, elaseJerusalema, njll. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

• Kwakukhona abantu abaningi okwathi ngenxa yentando yabo enhle nokulandela iBandla, benza izinguqulo eziningi zabo futhi bazivumelanisa nezilimi eziningi, ukuze izwi likaNkulunkulu lifinyelele bonke abantu, futhi kulezi zinguqulo bashintsha incazelo yamagama amaningi. .
• Kukhona futhi amahlelo amaningi noma izinkolo ezicindezela ulwazi oluningi futhi zathinta kabusha izinto ezazingathandi noma ezazifaneleka futhi zagcina ziguqule isigijimi sikaNkulunkulu, ngenxa yokuthi amagama amaningi abadwebi be-hagiographer ababewabhalile ekuqaleni aguqulwa.

Indlela Yokwazi Uma IBhayibheli Lingelokuqala

Uma ufuna ukuthenga iBhayibheli futhi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi lingelokuqala yini, kufanele unake izincomo ezilandelayo:

• Bheka ukuthi unazo zonke izincwadi ezingama-73 ezifakiwe, ezingama-46 kuzo ezeTestamente Elidala nezingama-27 ezeTestamente Elisha.
• Uyabona ukuthi ngemuva kwekhava yayo kukhona isignesha noma igama lanoma yiziphi iziphathimandla zeSonto LamaKatolika, ngesiLatini kufanele bathi Imprimatur y UNihil obstat okusho ukuthi inganyatheliswa futhi asikho isithiyo ekunyatheliseni kwayo okusha.
• Uma ufuna ukulondeka okwengeziwe, funa iseluleko kumfundisi othembekile.

Ubunye bamaTestamente womabili

Womabili amatestamente anenyunyana, okungukuthi ayaphelelisana ngendlela yokuthi elokuqala lichaze elesibili bese elesibili lichaze nelokuqala, noma iyiphi incazelo efunwayo kunoma iyiphi yawo ingatholakala kuwo womabili njengoba ebhekise kuwo. okokuqala ngezenzakalo ezazizokwenzeka, okwesibili kwaba izinto ezenzekile ezaprofethwa kwaze kwaba sekufikeni kukaJesu.

Ngaleso sizathu, uJesu wayehlale etshela abantu ababemlandela ukuba bamuzwe ukuthi kufanele benze ucwaningo emibhalweni yasendulo futhi lapho babezothola ukuthi uMose wayekhulume ngaye ( Johane 5, 39-45 ).

ITestamente Elidala… liphelelwe yisikhathi?

Akuyona yonke into endala esho ukuthi ayisebenzi noma ayinayo ukusetshenziswa, lokhu singakubona kufenisha yakudala kanye nobucwebe ukuthi namuhla kubiza kakhulu futhi okwandayo ngokwenani. Kanjalo neTestamente Elidala lasitshela ngokufika kukaJesu, kodwa kwathi esefikile, alizange liyeke ukusebenza, kodwa uJesu akazange eze kulo mhlaba ukuzochitha okwakusekubhaliwe, weza ukuzokwenza okwengeziwe. ephelele.

Lokhu kusitshela ukuthi akumele siyishaye indiva imibhalo yeTestamente Elidala, ngoba nayo iphuma ekuphefumulelweni kukaNkulunkulu futhi kuyo singathola ukungapheleli okuningi nezinto ezidlulayo, kodwa futhi kunemfundo eningi yaphezulu, izimfundiso ezinhle zokuthi ubani. nguNkulunkulu, ukuhlakanipha komuntu, imikhuleko, futhi kwabaningi lapho sinengcebo efihliwe yokuthi singazisindisa kanjani.

Manje, iTestamente Elisha kulo lineqiniso eliyingqayizivele lokuthi liyisambulo saphezulu, esigxile kuJesu Kristu, lokho akwenza, lokho akufundisa, ukuthi intshiseko yakhe yayiyoba yini ngokuvuka kwakhe kwakamuva. Kuyo sithola ukuthi ibandla elisha laqala kanjani ngosizo lukaMoya oNgcwele. Kodwa ukuze siqonde ukuthi uyini umlayezo kaNkulunkulu eTestamenteni Elisha, kumelwe siwufunde ngokuhambisana neTestamente Elidala.

Kuyo yonke imibhalo engcwele sithola isambulo esisodwa, umlayezo omkhulu ovela kuNkulunkulu oya kumuntu futhi lokhu angeke kuqondwe uma iBhayibheli lifundwa ngeziqephu. Ongoti abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ibhayibheli lifana nesiqophamazwi okumele silizwe kufanele sisebenzise izimpondo ezimbili: itestamente elidala nelisha. Uma uzwa ngophondo olulodwa uzozwa ithoni eyodwa kuphela: ephansi noma ephezulu, okusho ukuthi, ngeke ukwazi ukuzwa umculo ongomunye.

Kuphela lapho usebenzisa lezi zinambuzane ezimbili lapho uzwa khona umculo ophelele futhi ungawujabulela, ngendlela efanayo iBhayibheli elisebenza ngayo, umlobi walo waliqamba ngendlela yokuthi kumelwe ulalele izimbungulu ezimbili ukuze uqonde ukuqanjwa kwalo okuhle. . Kungakho kufanele kufundwe yonke imibhalo engcwele, isivumelwano sikaNkulunkulu esidala esisithola eTestamenteni Elidala sisitshela ngezinto uKristu ayezozenza eTestamenteni Elisha, yingakho zombili izingxenye zingehlukaniseki kwenye.

Imibhalo yokuqala namakhophi

Akukho nowodwa umbhalo weBhayibheli onesiginesha, futhi akunakuqinisekwa ukuthi wawubhalwe yini ngempela ngesandla somuntu owabelwe kuye ngokwezigaba zawo. Kodwa lokhu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka, njengoba kunemisebenzi eminingi eye yatholakala ehluke kakhulu eminyakeni ngisho namakhulu eminyaka kusukela emsebenzini wokuqala.

Lapho kubhekiselwa eBhayibhelini emibhalweni yokuqala sibhekisela olimini eyabhalwa ngalo, izilimi eziyinhloko zangaleso sikhathi kwakuyisiHebheru, isi-Aramu nesiGreki. Ngemva kwalokho izinguqulo zizokwenziwa ngesiLatini, iSpanishi, isiNgisi, njll.

amakhophi abhalwe ngesandla

Uma sibhekisela kumakhophi abhalwe ngesandla, ayimibhalo eyenziwe ngesandla.

Material

Izinto zokuqala ezasetshenziswa ekwenzeni imibhalo noma ukuyiqopha kwakuyizibhebhe zobumba, ama-ostraka noma izitsha zobumba, amatshe angamasilinda kanye ne-stelae. Ukuze kuqalwe ukwenza umbhalo weBhayibheli, lezi zinto kwakungezona ezasetshenziswa, njengoba zazisetshenziselwa ukwenza imibhalo emifushane nehlala isikhathi esifushane kuphela, ngakho-ke kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ama-papyrus nesikhumba.

Endala kunazo zonke yi-papyrus eyaqala ukusetshenziswa eGibhithe ngonyaka ka-3000 BC. Lesi isitshalo samanzi, esibizwa nangokuthi umoba noma iJunco esihlala sigqama eNayile Delta.Ukuze kwenziwe, isiqu kwakudingeka sivulwe bese sicindezelwa, lapho kwatholwa amashidi athile abese ephambaniswa, achotshoziwe futhi ome. .

Kwakuyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi, kodwa futhi yayintekenteke kakhulu, kwakungenzeka ukubhala phezu kwayo ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, eziningi zazo eziye zatholakala eGibhithe, njengoba isimo sezulu esomile sasivumela ukuqina kwayo. Kutholwe ulwazi oluningi kubo emibhalweni yeBhayibheli.

Kunalokho, isikhumba sasenziwa ngesikhumba sezilwane ezinjengamawundlu nezimvu. Indlela yokulungiswa kwayo yaziwa ngokuthi i-pergamoni futhi yayisetshenziswa enyakatho ye-Efesu, cishe ngonyaka we-100 emva kukaKristu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakukhethekile kakhulu phakathi kwamaPheresiya. Ngekhulu lesine ngemva kukaKristu lase lisetshenziswa kakade, njengoba lalimelana kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lalibiza kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi lempahla yayisulwa ukuze kukhishwe konke okwakulotshiwe, futhi kubhalwe kuyo futhi.

ifomethi

Indlela eyayihleleke ngayo kwakuwukwenza umqulu omude we-papyrus noma wesikhumba, owawuqiniswa ekugcineni ngezinti zokhuni noma zensimbi, ezazisetshenziselwa ukusonga, le miqulu isasetshenziswa kumaJuda namuhla. I-codex noma incwadi evamile, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo, yasetshenziswa amaKristu okuqala ekhulwini lesibili, kanti amaJuda angekhulu lesikhombisa.

Ezindala zazibhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi abaqhubekayo, kunzima ukuzifunda njengoba amagama awo engahlukani kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu le-250, okuye kwatholakala cishe angu-2600. Lezo ezalandela zazinezinhlamvu ezincane. futhi Ukufunda kwawo kulula, njengoba kwanikeza indawo yokuhlukanisa amagama, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwaqala ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX ngemva kukaKristu futhi kukhona angaphezu kuka-XNUMX awo.

Izilimi iBhayibheli elabhalwa ngazo

Izilimi ezasetshenziswa lapho kubhalwa iBhayibheli kwakuyisi-Aramu, isiHebheru nesiGreki. Cishe lonke iTestamente Elidala libhalwe ngesiHebheru, lolu wulimi lokuqala lwabantu bamaJuda, akukho okuningi okwaziwayo ngemvelaphi yalo, kodwa kunenkolelo yokuthi laqala ukusetshenziswa amaKhanani futhi lamukelwa ama-Israyeli lapho behlala khona. izwe laseKhanani .

IsiAramu siwulimi oludala kakhulu, oludala kakhulu kunolwamaHeberu, kulolu limi zimbalwa kakhulu izinto ezilotshiwe ezinjengoEzra, uJeremiya, uDaniyeli noMathewu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuma-Israyeli kwaqala cishe phakathi kwekhulu lesine nelesithathu ngaphambi kukaKristu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwakunamandla kangangokuthi kwaqala ukususa isiHebheru, ngeBhayibheli kwaziwa ukuthi uJesu wayekhuluma ngesi-Aramu.

IsiGreki siwulimi okulotshwe ngalo incwadi yokuhlakanipha, 2 Maccabees futhi cishe nakho konke okuseTestamenteni Elisha, ngaphandle kweVangeli likaMathewu, lo mbhalo wesiGreki wawungowokusetshenziswa okudumile nokwenhlamba, hhayi owakudala, futhi lalisetshenziswa kakhulu ngemva kokuba u-Alexander Omkhulu enqobe iGrisi, ngamafuphi iBhayibheli lilotshwe ngalezi zilimi:

ITestamente Elidala

UDaniyeli ulotshwe ngesiHeberu ngezingcezu ezihlukahlukene zesi-Aramu nesiGreki, u-Ezra ubhalwe ngesiHebheru nezinye izingcezu zesi-Aramu, u-Esteri ubhalwe ngesiHebheru nezingcezu zesiGreki, u-I Maccabees ungesiHebheru no-II ngesiGreki, uTobias noJudith ngesiHebheru nesi-Aramu, ukuhlakanipha ngesiHebheru IsiGreki nezinye izincwadi ngesiHebheru kuphela.

ITestamente eNtsha

ITestamente Elisha libhalwe ngesiGreki ngaphandle kweVangeli likaMathewu oNgcwele elibhalwe ngesi-Aramu ngokuphelele.

Izinguqulo zeBhayibheli

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka iBhayibheli liye laba nezinguqulo eziningi, endala kunazo zonke eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Septuagint ne-Vulgate. Inguqulo ye-Septuagint kuthiwa yachazwa izazi ezingama-70 zabantu bakwa-Israyeli futhi yasukela ekhulwini le-III nele-I emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu, futhi yiyona eyasetshenziswa eDiaspora noma ngesikhathi sokuhlakazwa kwamaJuda, esetshenziswa kuphela imiphakathi yamaJuda eyayihlala ezweni lamaGreki namaRoma, ikakhulukazi e-Aleksandriya, futhi eyayikhohlwe ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesiHeberu.

Le nguqulo ye-Septuagint yayibalulekile emiphakathini yamaJuda ayekhuluma isiGreki futhi kusukela lapho yasakazekela kulo lonke elaseMedithera, ilungiselela lokho okwakuzoba amaVangeli.

Inguqulo ye-Vulgate, yileyo echazwe nguSaint Jerome ngesiLatini, evumelana nekhulu le-IV, yabhalwa edolobheni laseBhetlehema, futhi ivela ngenxa yesidingo, njengoba phakathi namakhulu amabili okuqala enkathi yobuKristu kwasetshenziswa inguqulo yesiGreki. .oludumile, ulimi olwalusetshenziswa ngezikhathi zamaRoma, kodwa ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, isiLatini sase sidlondlobala kuwo wonke amazwe aseNtshonalanga, yile nguqulo lapho kwaphuma khona ezinye izinguqulo esizaziyo namuhla.

UMkhandlu WaseTrent yiwo owaqaphela i-Vulgate njengenguqulo yeBhayibheli yesiLatini engokomthetho, ngaphandle kokushiya eceleni ezinye izinguqulo ezazikhona.

ImiBhalo Engcwele ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yeBandla

Uma ibaluleke kakhulu njengoba imele izwi likaNkulunkulu eliphilayo, noma yilona elanika amaKristu amandla namandla ekwandeni kwawo, yilona elisekela, kanye ne-Ekaristi, impilo yonke yebandla, liqinisekisa. ukholo, ukondla umphefumulo nokuba umthombo wakho konke ukuphila kukamoya.

Kumelwe abe umoya wemfundiso yenkolo, wokushumayela kwabefundisi, wemfundiso yekhathekhisi kanye nazo zonke izimfundiso zobuKristu, kungenxa yale misebenzi nokuba nokuphila kukaJesu Kristu, izwi lakhe nezithelo ukuthi ufikile. ngaphandle kokuthi singaqhubeka nokuba nempilo yobuKristu. Ibandla lincoma ukuthi iBhayibheli lihlale lifundwa ngoba uma singalazi ngeke sazi ukuthi ungubani uKristu.

Ezinye izihloko ongase ube nentshisekelo kuzo yilezi:

Zingaki izimangaliso uJesu azenza?

Zingaki izincwadi zeBhayibheli zamaKhatholika?

Novena kuMntwana oNgcwele uJesu ukuze acele umusa