Indlela yokubhala kahle? Ibhalwa kanjani inoveli? Ubulula obubusisiwe bemibuzo kanye nephupho elibi lezimpendulo. Kunezifundo zokubhala kahle nge-calligraphy eyamukelekile nohlelo lolimi. Sonke siyayazi imithetho yokubhala ngendlela efanele. Noma kufanele. Kodwa, Kwenzekani lapho umuntu efuna ukufunda ukubhala izincwadi? Kungani kuyinkimbinkimbi kangaka? Lapho kulele ubuhle (kanye nedrama) yezincwadi ezinhle: ukuthi zinzima futhi azikho imanuwali yokufundisa. Alikho imephu yokubhala inoveli.
Kodwa yebo, into efanayo.
? Indlela yokubhala kahle? Ungakwazi yini ukufunda ukubhala inoveli?
Ukubhala angeke kufundiswe, kodwa kungafundwa. Ibinzana akulona elethu futhi alilona lisha, kodwa liyifingqa kahle le nto, elithi cosa, into. Eminyakeni yamuva, phakathi nomsebenzi wethu wokucwaninga ngokungakhathali kuma-interlinings akha ama-seams we uvalelwe izincwadi, sihlangabezane nezinsiza ezimbalwa ezithakazelisayo zaleyo ye ukubhala kahle, ukubhala kangcono futhi, amademoni ayinkulungwane asiqalekise, kungani singahlanganyeli nawo? KUNGANI? Ngaphezu kokubhala ngendlela efanele nangendlela efanele, sizogxila emkhakheni wokubhala. Ekwenzeni kube muhle.
Ngaphambi kwalokho, ake sibeke izisekelo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo ukuze kungabikho muntu okhohliswayo. Lona akuwona umsebenzi olula (sesikushilo kakade, akunjalo?)
✅ Amathiphu okubhala kahle, ngendlela efanele, kangcono nangemodi Izinga elilandelayo
Into eseduze kakhulu nomhlahlandlela wokubhala esingacabanga ngayo. Akunakugwenywa ukwenza amaphutha lapho ubhala inoveli. Singalandela lawa macebiso ayisisekelo ukuze sinciphise:
- Bhala okuningi: bhala futhi ubhale. Faka ngaphakathi inqubo kuze kube yilapho ukwakhiwa kwemisho kuba imvelo yesibili.
- funda kakhulu: uma ingafundwa, ayikwazi ukubhalwa. Kufanele ufunde okungcono kakhulu ukuze uzikopishe (Picasso dixit) noma, okungenani, ukwazi ukuthi siyawakopisha; Mayelana nani ESO Kwase kuvele kuqhamuke kumuntu. kumele ufunde ku UNabokov, Borges, Chekhov, Marsé, Dickens, Vila-Matas, Flaubert, García Márquez, DeLillo, Mendoza, Murakami, Marías, UDostoevsky, Faulkner, Steinbeck, Bukowski, Threshold, Austen, Khulisa WallaceScott Fitzgerald i-hemigway, Kafka, Vonnegut, Bolaño, Cela, Proust, UCortázar, Sábato, Chirbes, Houllebecq, Hesse, Fresán kanye noFranzen kanye noFollet. Futhi Zafon, damn it. Futhi uGomez-Jury. Ngisho noma kuwukwazi lokho esingafuni ukukwenza. Kufanele uyeke ama-complexes futhi ufunde yonke into.
- Asikwazi ukuzizwa sinamahlonia: awekho amaphutha ethu noma wokuvula izinhliziyo zethu. Uma ukubhala kuwumsebenzi wokuziphendulela njalo, okungenani makube qotho.
- cabanga ngaphambili ukubhala: Noma ubani ofuna ukufunda ukubhala kahle inoveli kufanele ahloniphe umthetho olula kodwa oyisisekelo: khumbula lokho esifuna ukukusho nokuthi kanjani. Uma sesiqale ukubhala, yonke into izohlanekezelwa futhi kuzovuleka izindlela ezintsha. Futhi umuzwa ophansi futhi ophazamisayo. Uma sihlanganisa isifanekiso sokubhala inoveli, kuwuphawu oluhle. Lokho kusho, sidinga ukuba naye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi u-Keoruac uphalaze kangakanani lapho ehla ebhasini Emgaqweni endaweni eyodwa.
- Bhala ngokuvumelana: ukuthi okubhaliwe kunengqondo. Lokhu kudlulela ngale kwemithetho efanele yokubhala: ngeke sithi umlingiswa wethu wayephatheke kabi ngalelo langa ekuseni wabe esebashayela ikhwela endleleni eya ehhovisi.
- Bhala ngokuhlangana: ukuthi indlela yokwethula okubhaliwe inengqondo (ngokohlelo lolimi, isigqi, izinsiza zesichazamazwi, njll.).
- funda futhi futhi: funda kabusha umbhalo wethu futhi ufunde kabusha futhi ulungise futhi ulungise futhi ulungise futhi ususe yonke into esele/eyisicefe/engadingeki endabeni futhi ephendula izifiso zomuntu siqu. Kufanele sizifake njalo engqondweni yomfundi.
- Cela omunye umuntu ukuthi afunde umbhalo wethu kuyimpoqo. Kungcono uma lowo muntu engenabo ubungane nathi noma, inkampani enzima, ungumuntu ozimisele ukuba qotho ngo-100%.
- bheka isichazamazwi: sibe nolwazi oluphelele noluqondile lokuthi igama ngalinye esilisebenzisayo lisho ukuthini.
- Buza uFundeu: asikho isisetshenziswa esingcono samahhala namuhla sokucacisa incazelo eqondile yegama noma isisho, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo okulungile.
Ah, umbono wothando wombhali onobuhlakani onomshini wokubhala, ugwayi nesizungu… mungakanani umonakalo owenziwe.
✍ Ibhalwa kanjani kahle vs indlela yokubhala kahle
- I-workshop yababhali be-Gotham (Umbhali)
kukhona okufundile James Joyce? Ucabanga ukuthi abantu base-Ireland babecabangani ngemithetho yokubhala futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngomthetho wokungenzi imisho emide? ungacabangani Marcel Proust mayelana nesincomo sokufinyelela ephuzwini ngaphandle kokungcolisa yonke into ngokuhlehla okuningi? Indlela yokubhala kahle inemithetho eminingi ephulwayo kanye nezakhiwo eziyisisekelo. Futhi, ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele siqale sizazi futhi sizihlanganise njengokuphefumula noma ukuhamba.
Amaqhinga okubhala kangcono, amathiphu, okhiye... yibize ngo-X. Sikhuluma ngemibhalo, amavidiyo, kanye nencwadi eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, egxile ezicini ezithize kakhulu indawo yokuhlanganisa: bhala izindaba, amanoveli noma imibhalo yefilimu, futhi akhe abalingisi abacacile nezingxoxo ezingokoqobo.
amathuluzi ukuthi, Naphezu kokuthambekela emikhakheni eyahlukene yendalo (ifilimu, ithelevishini, amanoveli, izindaba ezimfushane), bakhuluma ulimi olufanayo.. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela, ekupheleni kosuku, ukubhala izinganekwane zombhalo kuyohlale kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa amagama kanye nokunikeza wonke amagama ngobuhle, incazelo, ukukhanga, ukungaguquguquki, imvelaphi, ingqikithi futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ______ (ibizo ongalikhetha).
Akudingeki ukusho (kahle, ungasho, akunjalo?) ukuthi akekho okufanele aphuphe ephupha ngokubhala njengezingelosi ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, okungeyona into engaphezu kohlu olufushane, olufushane futhi, yiqiniso, alukho uhlu olukhethekile noma olucacile. , okuqukethwe okuthathe ukunaka kwami. Sonke singabhala kahle futhi kangcono kunalokho kodwa, ah, banenhlanhla labo, ngaphezu kwalokho, abakwazi ukukwenza njengoba kwenza uNabokov.
1. European Literature Course | UVladimir Nabokov.
El I-European Literature Course es inqwaba yamakhasi ewusizo kakhulu, ethokozisayo nevezayo umlobi osafisayo angatshuzela kuyo. Kuyafaneleka ukuyithenga. Sikubeke lapha ngoba sekuphele iminyaka kufakwe kungosi ye-Scribd (icophelela kakhulu ngezindaba zamalungelo obunikazi, amalungelo okushicilela, njll.), okusiholela ekucabangeni ukuthi kufanele ngabe kutholwe umsele othile wezomthetho ukuze kungabibikho owuchithile/owususile. .
Ukuthengwa kwencwadicishe ama-euro ayi-15 e-Amazon) ingaphezu kokunconywa kunoma ubani onentshisekelo yokufunda ukubhala kahle. Imanuwali ebanzi engase idwetshelwe, iyacaphuna, ikopishwe.
Amanoveli ahlaziywe ku Inkambo yezincwadi zaseYurophu by Nabokov
IsiRashiya sihlaziya kuze kube sezingeni lokuhlanza (akashiyi ngisho nemvuthuluka) isitayela sama-classics aphakade:
- I-Mansfield Park de Jane Austen
- Indlu eyincithakalo de Charles Dickens
- Madame Bovary de Gustave Flaubert
- Icala Elixakile likaDkt Jekyll noMnu Hyde de Robert Louis Stevenson
- Phansi komgwaqo we-swan de Marcel Proust
- Ukuguqulwa komzimba de Franz KAFKA
- Ulysses de James Joyce.
Ngokombono wethu othobekile, into ebaluleke kakhulu ngale ncwadi eseceleni kombhede-ibhayibheli yindlela okwenziwa ngayo I-Nabokov (ebhekene nokubalulekile I-Ada noma ukushisa) uchaza izinhloso ngemuva kwe-stylistic nook ngayinye; lokho umbhali ngamunye ahlose ukukudlulisa ngomlingiswa onjalo, indawo, indawo noma inkhulumomphendvulwano.
ethusayo.
2. I-Anatomy yendaba: Uchungechunge lwesibindi lwefilimu oluphelele, u-John Truby
Cishe ihora nesigamu seseluleko esinembile siqondiswe kubo bonke abasafufusa ababhali besikrini futhi, siyaphinda, kunoma ngubani ofuna ukubhala izinganekwane ngendlela efanele. ukucabanga okuthakazelisayo kwe UJohn Truby, umbhali wesikrini onolwazi olunzulu nothisha weskripthi, lapho achaza kabanzi ukuthi yini eyenza indaba ihluke, ibe yintsha futhi ihehe. Isakhiwo sezenzo, izinkinga ze-protagonist, izindaba ezinhle/ezimbi, dala intshisekelo kumfundi...
Okuwukuphela kwesici esibi sale vidiyo ukuthi mhlawumbe igxile kakhulu ku- kuqhakanjiswe i-cinematographic kanye nokuzuzwa kwefomula ephinda iqinisekise ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwesiphakamiso. Njengoba sonke sibadala, singalahla iseluleko esiqondiswe ku starbiz yaseHollywood futhi sigcine kuphela lokho esikuthandayo.
3. URobert McKee: Umkhulu wonke ababhali babefisa ukuba naye
Kulungile, omunye umlobi wesikrini waseHollywood, kodwa empeleni, uma sinikezela iphuzu kukho, yingoba indoda ikufanele. Asibonanga muntu ebeka upapa ngokucacile nangokugcizelela kangaka ngobuciko bombhali nendlela yokubhala kahle. Ineseluleko esiyigolide futhi esisebenza ngokuphelele ngale kwe-cinema. Isibonelo salokhu yizinto ezinhle kakhulu Yiba nezici zengxoxo enephutha (Izici Eziyishumi Zengxoxo Ehlulekile) noma Ababhali ababi akukho abangakusho (ababhali ababi akukho abangakusho).
“Kungakhathaleki ukuthi inkimbinkimbi yesayikholoji yomlingiswa wakho nokuthi idizayini yakho yendaba iphoqa ngokomzwelo futhi isho ngokujulile kangakanani, uma abalingiswa bakho bengakwazi ukukhuluma ngendlela evumelana nemvelo yabo, bethembekile ezingxabanweni ababhekana nazo, bethembekile futhi bethembekile ezindlebeni zababukeli noma zomfundi, ngamanye amazwi, uma izingxoxo zakho ziyimfucumfucu, konke ukulandisa kwakho okumangalisayo kanye bonke ubunkimbinkimbi bezinhlamvu zakho buzongcwatshwa ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa kwezingxoxo. "
Ngokungafani nozakwabo u-John Truby kusukela endaweni yangaphambilini, u-Robert omuhle omdala uyayizonda yonke imikhiqizo yohlobo lwe-popcorn Transformers o I-Ford V Ferrari (nathi). Nansi inhlolokhono yehora elilodwa kuyajabulisa kakhulu, futhi, sekukonke, cishe amavidiyo angama-50 anamahora angaphezu kweshumi de URobert McKee. Ngokujulile, awukwazi ukuthola okwanele ngoRobert McKee. URobert McKee ngethubhu, simfuna njengomkhulu wamanga. Mhlawumbe into engcono kakhulu kungaba ukuthi umfundi afake igama lombhali-skrini ku-Google/YouTube futhi abavumele bakhethe lokho abafuna ukukugcina. Uma uthanda isitayela sakhe, ngiyakuncoma futhi URichard Walter.
4. Veza umhlahlandlela ukuze ubhale kangcono, of Carlos Salas.
Ungayithola ngokuchofoza lapha. Akayena umngane noma yini. Asimazi nokumazi.
Akuyona into engaphezu kwesixhumanisi sekhasi elibuye lihlanganise amathiphu amafushane ayisishiyagalolunye njengentuthuko yokukhangisa yencwadi, okulungile ukuyiveza, Kubiza kuphela amasenti angama-99 e-Amazon. Isihloko Amathiphu okubhala kangcono (“Amaqhinga”…njengokungathi lona umdlalo wevidiyo) ihlehla kanye njengesihlokwana saso (“Amathiphu angaveli ku-Google”), kodwa ku-César ukuthi iyini, njll: iyincwadi enikelayo nokuthi ingena kulokhu okuthunyelwe.
Igxile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zababhali (intatheli, abashicileli, omongameli bemiphakathi yomakhelwane ...) futhi inikeza izihluthulelo ezibalulekile zokulahla udoti wengqondo kanye ne-ballast yombhalo ukuze ufinyelele iphuzu futhi ngaphandle kokuba nesithukuthezi (enye into ukuthi le bhulogi ngezinye izikhathi iyeqa. kwabo). Isibonelo: "Zama ukususa amagama anamalunga angaphezu kwamathathu" (...) ungaphendukeli ekusebenziseni iziphawulo ezimbili ngambili...
5. Izincwadi
Kulungile, akulona ithuluzi lamahhala lokufunda ukubhala kahle. Kodwa cishe. Futhi asibhekiseli ekulandeni izincwadi ezihlatshiwe noma ama-pedefes noma ama-epubs angcolile. Vele ufake isihloko sencwadi ku-Google eduze kwegama elithi "izingcaphuno", "imisho" "izingcaphuno" noma "izingcaphuno" bese unambitha uju oluthile. Futhi uma uthanda, bese ugijimela e-Amazon.
Uxolo, ungagijima futhi esitolo sezincwadi esiseduze.
Izincwadi zalolu hlobo ukufunda ukubhala kahle, Lezi ngezinye esizifunde eminyakeni yamuva ezigcwalise imiphefumulo yethu ngemibono namagama kakhulu, futhi kukhona into encane etholakalayo ku-Google. Sigcizelela ukuthi lolu hlu alufisi lutho ngaphandle kokwazisa, ukungahlukaniseki noma ukufingqa.
- Imfihlakalo kanye nemikhuba: I-prose ngezikhathi ezithile, de UFlannery O'Connor. Kunzima ukuthola ngeSpanishi, Ubunjalo nenjongo yokulandisa (Ubunjalo nenjongo yenganekwane). Inkulumo edumile lapho umbhali azinikezele khona Gustave Flaubert ukuphawula okuhlakaniphile nokuncomayo ngephrozi yakhe esikutholile ngiyabonga kubhulogi inkawu yomfundi futhi engixhumanisa okuqukethwe kwayo.
«Lapho umbhali olandisayo efaka lo mbono ekhanda lakhe futhi ezuza le mikhuba, uqala ukubona ukuthi kuwumsebenzi onzima kangakanani ukubhala umsebenzi wokulandisa. Umbhali engimthanda kakhulu wangitshela encwadini ukuthi wayefunde kuFlaubert lokho kuthatha okungenani imibono emithathu yezinzwa ukwenza into ibe ngokoqobo, futhi ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene neqiniso lokuthi sinezinzwa ezinhlanu. Uma uphucwa enye yazo, amakhono akho ayancipha; kodwa uma uncishwa okungaphezu kwababili ngesikhathi esisodwa, awukho nhlobo.
- Izincwadi eziya kumbhali wezincwadi osemusha, UMario Vargas Llosa, umbhali we-magnificent Umuzi Nezinja. "Lena akuyona incwadi yokufunda ukubhala," owine uMklomelo KaNobel wasePeru uyasitshela. Hhayi-ke, akubukeki kanjalo, Mario.
- IParis kwakuyiphathi, Ernest Hemingway. dice U-Enrique Vila-Matas ukuthi ubengeke abe umbhali ukube ibingekho le ncwadi. Futhi iqiniso liwukuthi umuntu uzizwa efuna ukwenza okufanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho efunda uBaba osekhulile ehlezi ekhefi yakhe encane e-Café Saint Michel ne-rum yakhe enhle, ukubukeka kwakhe okuhle okuyengayo kuthethelela abesifazane, nephepha etafuleni nepensela esandleni sakhe. isandla sokuphumula. Yeka umonakalo awenzile amanye amafilimu ababhali! Kuyisikhumbuzo kodwa futhi kuyincwadi ekhuthazayo kakhulu ngenxa yokulandisa okuseduze kukaHemingway ngendlela ayezizwa ngayo (nokuthi wayesebenza kanjani) ngalezo zinsuku ezimpofu kodwa ezijabulisayo lapho eqala ukuzinikela ngokugcwele ekubhaleni izinganekwane.
- Ungabhalwa kanjani inoveli, of UHoward Mittelmark noSandra Newman. Siyazi ukuthi ukufakwa kwale ncwadi kuncipha kancane phakathi kwamapeni amaningi amakhulu, kodwa iqiniso ukuthi sayithola eminyakeni embalwa edlule ingcwatshwe phakathi kwemiqulu yezincwadi futhi sinothando olukhethekile ngayo. Ababhali (abashicileli ngokomsebenzi) bamane badlale, ngamancoko athile, ukunikeza izibonelo zezinhlekelele okumelwe zenziwe uma umuntu ehlose ukubhala hhayi nje umbhalo okhangayo, kodwa into efanele ukukhuhla okugunyaziwe. Ubuncane obuncane bobuciko bokubhala kahle.
- Iskripthi, URobert McKee. Sesiyidumise kakhulu le ndoda elungile ephuzwini lesithathu. Ake sithi lena yiNcwadi yakho enkulu (ngawo wonke ama-caps).
- bhala inganekwaneI-Gotham Writers Workshop. Iqoqo lamasu namathiphu avela kulokho abakushoyo isikole sokubhala sobuciko esihle kunazo zonke e-United States. Liyincwadi enhle kakhulu esiye sayifunda izikhathi eziningana kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.
6. Ukubuyekezwa Kwenoveli: Khiya Indaba Abafundi Abakwazi Ukuyibeka Phansi. Inhlabamkhosi Yombhali
Akungaphezu kwalokho ividiyo yehora nekota lapho i-ABC emsulwa yakho konke ukulandisa okuqanjiwe okunokuzenzisa iyembulwa. Abalingiswa, isigqi, izigcawu... izithako ezibalulekile zombhalo oqanjiwe. Naphezu kwezwi elidala, i-crappy powerpoint, kanye nephunga eliphelelwe yisikhathi lango-XNUMX, silifaka ngoba liyisibonelo esiphelele "sokwephula imithetho yokubhala, kufanele uqale wazi".
Kungase kube okuyisisekelo futhi kufakwe i-corseted, kodwa kuyasiza uma kuziwa ekucaceni ngezisekelo zendlela yokubhala kahle.
NGEMPELA. Ungasibheki kanjalo, kumahhala.
7. Izifundo zokubhala ngobuciko kanye nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi
Ngokuvuna ama-workshops okubhala
Sizinikezele indatshana yethu kubo futhi asizange siyibone enzima. Ngempela. Futhi kwakungeyona injongo yethu leyo. Imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi ifundisa ukubhala kahle.
Uma ungaphakathi Postposmo sishicilele i Umhlahlandlela ka-2020 wezifundo zokubhala zobuciko kanye nama-workshops okubhala kungenxa yokuthi sikholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi zikufanele. Ukuze uthole isisekelo, funda okuyisisekelo, futhi ngethemba ukwazi ukuhamba ibanga elide elidingekayo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokubhala wekhwalithi.
Inkinga ngezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi iwukuba (cishe yonke into ekuphileni) indlela yokwenza: noma ubani ohlela ukushicilela incwadi futhi abe usozigidi ngemva kokulahla inqwaba yemali uselungile. Noma ubani ocabanga ukushicilela incwadi yekhwalithi ngemva kokulahla inqwaba, usulungile. Noma ubani ocabanga ukushicilela ngemva kokulahla i-wad, usulungile. Ukucabanga njalo kuletha izinkinga.
Izifundo zokubhala ukulandisa zifundisa nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ukuthi ibhalwa kanjani incwadi, indaba noma umbhalo, phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi.
Ngokumelene nemihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi
Kunombono ojwayelekile lezo zifundo zokubhala ngobuciko nezinye izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ziwukukhwabanisa, umkhonyovu, umkhonyovu, umkhonyovu, njll. Kuyisihloko esiphenduka isihloko futhi. Masikhumbule izivunguvungu zothuli eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule ngenxa yezitatimende ze-Bath Independent Literature Festival eyenziwe ngumbhali wamanoveli waseBrithani. UHanif Kureishi, ukuthi kusho ukuthi lezi zinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi “ziwukumosha isikhathi” ekuphishekeleni indlela yokubhala kahle.
Ngempela?
Le nto inemvuthuluka ngoba u-Kureishi ngokwakhe wayengu-(is?) Uprofesa wokubhala ngokudala e-Kingston University. Marujeos eceleni, uma sifake leli phuzu kulo mhlahlandlela ukuze sibhale kahle kuwukuncoma umbhalo ongcono kakhulu esake sawufunda ngesihloko semihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi. Imayelana nalokhu kubhuloga kwebhulogi ka-2011 ka-Félix Chacón Isifundo samahhala sokubhala ngobuciko ku-inthanethi: ikilasi lokuqala nelokugcina.
Ngeke ngikushiye ungenandaba.
Ukushintsha kwezenzakalo okumangalisayo: empeleni bezingekho eziyisikhombisa kodwa izinsiza zamahhala ezingu-8+1. Bamba umfundi ngokumangala. Lokho kufingqa yonke isiphithiphithi sokufunda ukubhala ngendlela… ehlukile.
I-8. Funda
Izintatheli zazi okuningi ngendlela yokubhala kahle. Kwakunjalo Ryszard Kapuscinski ubani owathi ngani "Ukukhiqiza ikhasi, kumele ngabe sifunde ikhulu" futhi kubonakala ngathi konke kufingqwe kahle kakhulu. Funda, funda, funda, funda, futhi ufunde futhi, funda, funda.
8+1. Bhala
Bhala futhi ubhale kabusha, bhala, bhala, bhala futhi ubhale kabusha, bhala, bhala.
Bese ubhala futhi, bhala bhala, bhala, bhala….