El Ibhande lika-Orion eyaziwa ngokuthi i-asterism kumlaza i-Orion, iqukethe izinkanyezi ezintathu ezikhanyayo, i-asterism yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Three Wise Men futhi iphakathi kwezinkanyezi ezikhanya kakhulu futhi ezichazwe kakhulu esibhakabhakeni sasebusika, ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola umlaza. e-Orion.
I-Orion's Belt isho ukuthini?
Umlaza we-Orion waziwa njengomunye wamaqoqo ezinkanyezi akhanya kakhulu futhi agunyazwe kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, umi khona kanye enkabazwe.
I-Orion ibilokhu ilandelwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, yona eyaziwa ngokuthi uHunter, njengoba ihlobene nenye yezinganekwane zamaGreki, yenza samuntu umzingeli wasenganekwaneni u-Orion, ovame ukuvezwa kumashadi ezinkanyezi njengenselele yeTaurus, inkunzi, ehlukumeza odade basePleiades, eyenziwe samuntu ngesethi evulekile edumile noma ukuxosha unogwaja nabazingeli bawo ababili, akwenziwa samuntu imilaza eseduze iCanis Major neCanis Minor.
Bheka Ibhande le-Orion esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku kuyindlela elula yokuthola i-Orion esibhakabhakeni, Izinkanyezi zicishe zifane emgqeni oqondile ngakho-ke zingacatshangwa njengebhande lomzingeli, zibonakala kangcono esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku phakathi nobusika obusenyakatho naseningizimu ehlobo, ikakhulukazi inyanga kaJanuwari cishe ngo-9:00 ebusuku.
Ukubonakala
I-Orion ibonakala esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari, iseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesibhakabhaka uma usenyakatho nenkabazwe noma enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesibhakabhaka uma useningizimu nenkabazwe, ibonakala kahle phakathi kwe-latitudes 85 futhi minus 75 degrees, ukuphakama kwayo okuqondile amahora amahlanu, futhi ukwehla kwayo kungamazinga amahlanu.
I-Alnilam, i-Mintaka ne-Alnitak yizinkanyezi ezisekela i-Orion's Belt, ziyizinkanyezi ezivelele kakhulu kumlaza we-Orion. I-Betelgeuse, eyaziwa njengenkanyezi yesibili ekhazimula kakhulu e-Orion, isungula ihlombe langakwesokudla lomzingeli. I-Bellatrix isungulwe njengehlombe lesobunxele le-Orion.
Ngokungalingani, zonke izinkanyezi ezibalulekile e-Orion zinkulu futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqamile noma ama-supergiant, kusukela eBellatrix kuya e-Alnilam, i-Orion nebula ikude kakhulu kunanoma yiziphi izinkanyezi ezibonwa endleleni engaba yi-1.600 light years, A light year. yibanga elihanjwa ukukhanya ngonyaka owodwa, cishe amamayela ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha.
Okuhlukile yinkanyezi i-Betelgeuse, engumdondoshiya obomvu nengenye yezinkanyezi ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezake zabonwa, yona okuwukuphela kwenkanyezi esibhakabhakeni enkulu ngokufaneleyo futhi evalekile kangangokuthi yaqoshwa njengediski yi-Hubble Space Telescope. iso elibukhali bekuyodingeka likwazi ukubona umehluko wombala phakathi kweBetelgeuse nazo zonke ezinye izinkanyezi ze-Orion.
Izinkanyezi zibonakala ngeso lenyama
Amagama ezinkanyezi ezintathu avela ku-Arabhu, i-Alnilam isho ukuthi "umgexo weparele" okubalulwe ngezansi:
I-Alnitak
Kuyisistimu yezinkanyezi ezintathu ekugcineni kwempumalanga Ibhande lika-Orion kanye neminyaka eyi-1.260 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. I-Alnitak B iyinkanyezi yohlobo lwe-B yobukhulu besine ezungeza i-Alnitak A njalo eminyakeni engu-1500, eyinhloko yona ngokwayo ibhanambari eseduze equkethe i-Alnitak Aa, i-supergiant eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yohlobo lwe-spectral i-O9.7 Ibe kanye nobukhulu obubonakalayo obungu-2.0.
I-Alnitak Ab iyinhlaza eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yohlobo lwe-spectral i-O9V futhi inobukhulu obucishe bube ngu-4, i-Alnitak Aa ilinganiselwa ukuthi inkulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-28 kuneLanga futhi inkulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20 ngobubanzi, iyinkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu ye-O-class ebusuku esibhakabhakeni.
I-Alnilam
Inkulu kakhulu, cishe iminyaka engu-2000 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni kanye nobukhulu obungu-1.70, iyinkanyezi engu-29 ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni futhi ingeyesine ngokugqama kakhulu e-Orion, ikhanya ngokuphindwe ka-375,000 kuneLanga, i-spectrum yayo isebenza njengesinye sezitebele. amaphuzu okuhangelwa ngawo ezinye izinkanyezi ezihlukaniswa ngawo.
Mntaka
Ikude nge-light-year engu-1200 futhi ikhanya ku-magnitude 2.21. I-Mintaka ikhanya ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-90,000 5,73 kuneLanga. I-Mintaka iyinkanyezi ephindwe kabili, izinkanyezi ezimbili zizungezana njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-XNUMX.
Nebulae
I-Orion Nebula ingenye yezinto ezifundwa kakhulu futhi ezithwetshuliwe esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, futhi ingesinye sezici zasezulwini ezifundwa kakhulu. I-nebula yembule okuningi mayelana nenqubo yokuthi izinkanyezi nezimiso zamaplanethi zakha kanjani kusukela ekugoqeni kwamafu egesi nothuli.
I-Horsehead Nebula
La Nebula I-Horsehead iyingxenye ye-Orion Cloud enkulu kakhulu, imisebenzi eminingi yezinganekwane engezansi isebenzisa i-nebula ngesimo samafu obumnyama obungaphezu noma obungangeneki, abanye bacabanga izinkanyezi eziningi namaplanethi phambi kwendawo yangaphakathi futhi ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwe-nebula.
ilangabi nebula
Kuyi-nebula ephumayo etholakala kumlaza we-Orion, i-Hunter, i-nebula itholakala ebangeni elingaba yiminyaka eyi-1.350 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni futhi inobukhulu obubonakalayo obungu-2, i-Flame Nebula ithatha indawo eyimizuzu engama-30 ukusuka ku-arc yesibhakabhaka esibonakalayo. , iyingxenye yesifunda esikhulu esenza inkanyezi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Orion Molecular Cloud Complex.
I-Flame Nebula iyikhaya leqembu lamakhulu amaningana ezinkanyezi ezincane kakhulu, amaphesenti angu-86 alezi zinkanyezi anama-disk circumstellar, amalungu amancane kakhulu agxile eduze nendawo yeqembu, kuyilapho amalungu amadala kakhulu atholakala ezindaweni ezingaphandle.
Lokhu kuvezwe ocwaningweni olusebenzisa idatha ye-NASA i-Chandra X-ray Lookout, iSpitzer Space Telescope, i-Infrared Telescope yase-UK kanye nesibonakude i-2MASS, okutholwe ukuthi izinkanyezi ezisenkabeni yaleli qoqo zazineminyaka embalwa kuphela engu-200,000, ngenkathi emazweni angaphandle babeneminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingu-1,5 ubudala.
I-IC-434
Itholakala kumlaza we-Orion the Hunter, i-Horsehead iyingxenye yefu eliwugqinsi legesi phambi kwe-nebula esebenzayo yokuqondanisa inkanyezi ebizwa ngokuthi IC434, inkanyezi ekhazimulayo uSigma Orionis kuthiwa ishukumisa ubuthuntu beHorsehead, okusho ukuthi Ingaphezulu. phezulu kwesithombe.
I-Messier 78
Kuyifu lothuli eliphakathi kwezinkanyezi elitholakala cishe iminyaka eyi-1.600 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni, likhanyiswa esandisweni seminyaka emine yokukhanya ngamandla ezinkanyezi zalo ezishumekiwe, ezikhanyayo, zohlobo lwe-B, ezikhipha i-spectrum eqhubekayo, endaweni lapho. ziyizinkanyezi ezinobunzima obuphansi obungama-45 ezinemigqa yokukhipha i-hydrogen, izinkanyezi eziguquguqukayo ezingajwayelekile ezifana nenkanyezi ye-T Tauri, okungenzeka ukuthi isesigabeni sokuqala sempilo yazo yenkanyezi.
I-Orion's Belt Stellar Association
Inhlangano yezinkanyezi i-Orion OB1 yaziwa njengeqembu ekugcineni lenqwaba yezinkanyezi ezinkulu ezihlukene zohlobo lwe-spectral u-O no-B, eziqoqwe ndawonye izinkulungwane zezinkanyezi ezinobunzima obuphansi kanye nencane kodwa enophawu, iyingxenye ye-Orion Cloud enkulu, i-Due. ekusondeleni kwayo kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo, ikhonjwa njengenhlangano efundwa kakhulu ye-OB.
Inhlangano ye-Orion OB1 yakhiwe ngamaqembu amancane alandelayo:
- I-Orion OB1a: Iqembu lezinkanyezi ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Orion Belt ezinesilinganiso sobudala esingaba yiminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-12, kuleli qembu kunelinye iqembu elincane elaziwa ngokuthi yiqembu le-Orion 5.
- I-Orion OB1b: Izinkanyezi ezintathu ezikhanyayo zika-Ori (Alnitak), Ori (Alnilam) kanye no-Ori (Mintaka) akha i-asterism ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Orion Belt" nezinkanyezi ezincane, leli qembu lineminyaka yobudala elinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-8 futhi lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu.
- I-Orion OB1c: Izinkanyezi enkembeni ye-Orion, iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-3-6.
- Ama-Orions OB1d: Izinkanyezi ze-Orion nebula kanye ne-M43 (izinkanyezi ezincane kunazo zonke).
Isiko lamasiko Ibhande le-Orion
I-Orion ingumlaza odume kakhulu emasikweni ahlukahlukene, isibonelo:
- E-Australia, izinkanyezi ezisungula i-Orion's Belt kanye nenkemba ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi i-Olla noma i-Cacerolam.
- ENingizimu Afrika, izinkanyezi ezintathu ze- Ibhande lika-Orion babekwe kahle njengo-Drie Konings, kuhlobene nezazi ezintathu noma u-Drie Susters, okufana nodade abathathu.
- ESpain naseLatin America, lezi zinkanyezi zibizwa ngokuthi i-Las Tres Marías noma i-Las Tres Marías.
- Ibhande lezinkanyezi ezintathu laziwa e-Portugal naseNingizimu Melika ngokuthi i-Las Tres Marias, futhi ziphawula isibhakabhaka sasenyakatho ebusuku lapho ilanga liphansi kakhulu futhi laliwuphawu olucacile lokugcina isikhathi lwasendulo.
- EPhilippines nasePuerto Rico, babizwa ngokuthi i-Los Tres Reyes Magos, izinkanyezi ziqala ukuvela ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari ngesikhathi se-Epiphany, iholidi lobuKristu elikhumbula ukuvakashelwa kwamaKhosi amathathu kuMntwana onguJesu.
- ESeri, abantu basenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMexico babiza izinkanyezi ezintathu zeribhoni ngokuthi Hapj (igama elisho umzingeli), elakhiwa izinkanyezi ezintathu, i-Hap (umnyuzi wezinyamazane), i-Haamoja (i-Pronghorn), ne-Mojet (izinqama). U-Hap uphakathi futhi wadutshulwa umzingeli, igazi lakhe liconsa esiqhingini saseTiburon.
- Encwadini ethi Men in Black, ama-protagonists afuna i- Izici Zemithala, umthombo omkhulu wamandla, okuthi ngokusho komfokazi "ku Ibhande lika-OrionLapho befuna i-Orion's Belt yasezulwini, kodwa kungekho mthala ongatholakala lapho, ekugcineni, bayaqaphela ukuthi umthala ufihlwe etsheni eliyigugu entanyeni yekati elingaziwa okuthiwa i-Orion.
