Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuphila, umuntu ubelokhu efuna ukwazi ukuthi yini emzungezile. Leso sici esiyisisekelo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, Kube yibhuloho lokutholwa kwamaqiniso amakhulu. Phakathi kwabaningi, ukuziqhenya komlando, ngokungangabazeki, isayensi yezinkanyezi yasendulo kanjalo.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: I-Astronomy: Konke odinga ukukwazi!
Amaqiniso abalulekile mayelana nesayensi yezinkanyezi yasendulo okufanele uwacabangele
Kungase kube nzima ukucabanga ukuthi, esikhathini esidlule, isayensi yezinkanyezi yayivele ihlanganisiwe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngoba ngaphambilini, izinsiza ezidingekayo bezingekho ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo olunembayo.
Nokho, umuntu uye wandiza esibhakabhakeni ngokunemba, ethembele emathuluzini angafundile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi, umphakathi wongqondongqondo kwakudingeka uzimele, ngakho-ke izinto ezintsha azizange ziyeke ukuvela.
Ukuqala kwe-astronomy yasendulo, Baqala ngokubuka izinto ezenzeka esibhakabhakeni. Kusukela ekusithekeni okudumile, ukunyakaza kwenyanga nelanga, kuya ezihlahleni ze-meteor ezaziwayo njengamanje; kwafundwa yonke into.
Umthombo: Anfrix
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukubonwa kokuqala kanye neziphetho ezinembe kakhulu zesikhathi zakhululwa. Enye yazo kwakuyithiyori ye-geocentric kaPtolemy, lapho kwatholakala khona ukuthi uMhlaba wawuyisikhungo sendawo yonke.
Enye idatha enembayo evela kusayensi yezinkanyezi yasendulo yaholela ekutholakaleni kanye nolwazi lwamanye amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngale kwe-Jupiter ne-Saturn, kwakusenemikhawulo engakahloliwe, okwakucatshangwa kancane ngaleso sikhathi. Noma kunjalo, zatholwa futhi zaboniswa umphakathi uwonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isayensi yezinkanyezi yasendulo yayihlobene eduze nenkolo nezinkolelo zangaleso sikhathi. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukufundwa okutholwe isenzakalo esithile se-cosmological kwathiwa kunkulunkulu noma okufanayo.
Ngokufanayo, izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zasezulwini zazihlobene nenhlanhla noma amashwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kwakukhona ababekholelwa ukuthi ukusitheka kwelanga kwakubusisa isiqalo esisha, kanye nabanye ababekholelwa ukuthi kwabangela izenzakalo ezibhubhisayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ngenxa yokungenela kwamasiko, ingxenye encane yendawo yonke iyaziwa.
Isayensi yezinkanyezi yaseShayina yasendulo. Ingabe yayinethonya njengesiGreki? Iqiniso likhona!
Okuwukuphela kwesici esingenakuphikiswa sesayensi yezinkanyezi yaseShayina yasendulo ukuthi ubude bayo bukhulu kunokwamanye amasiko. Ngisho nokuba khona kwayo kusukela eminyakeni ngaphambi kokusungulwa noma ukukhula kwesayensi yezinkanyezi yamaGreki kanjalo.
Le sayensi yaseNtshonalanga, ngaleso sikhathi, Yayibhekwa njengenye yezinembe kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokufanayo, yayiguqula ukwakheka kweplanethi nokuba khona kanjalo. Ngokufanayo, zazibonakala ngocwaningo lwesayensi kuphela, ngaphandle kokuluphambanisa kakhulu nezinkolelo noma ukuba khona konkulunkulu.
Eqinisweni, ngenxa yethonya le- isayensi yezinkanyezi yamaShayina esikhathini esidlule, ezinye zezinkanyezi ezidume kakhulu, zaqanjwa. Isayensi yezinkanyezi yaseNtshonalanga yabikezela ukuba khona kwemilaza efinyelela ku-284 esibhakabhakeni, kodwa okwamanje ethathwa njengama-asterisms noma imilaza engaqinisekisiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isayensi yezinkanyezi yaseShayina yasendulo iklonyeliswa ngokwenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wezinkanyezi. Babe ngabokuqala ukufunda ama-sunspots, kanye nabanikazi bamakhalenda amadala elanga. Ngokuvamile, ukubikezela kwakhe ilanga kwakukhulu kakhulu, ukuhlolisisa eduze.
Ngokufanayo, phakathi kwamazinga ayo kukhona elinye lamakhalenda enkanyezi yokuqala abanzi kakhulu kuze kube manje. Njengoba kubhalwe izinkanyezi ezingaphezu kuka-800, zaqala ukubuka amazulu asendaweni yonke nendlela ezawuthonya ngayo umhlaba.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi, Isayensi yezinkanyezi yaseNtshonalanga ibheka iChina njengesizinda seplanethi, ukwamukela isikhundla esimisiwe maqondana nakho. Ngenxa yeziphetho zabo ngeLanga, bakwazile ukuthola ukuqala nokuphela kosuku eShayina.
Isisindo sesayensi yezinkanyezi eGrisi lasendulo sisabonakala nanamuhla
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi isayensi yezinkanyezi yaseShayina indala kuneyesiGreki, kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngakho. Nokho, isayensi yezinkanyezi eGrisi lasendulo yayibhekwa njengenguquko, esekelwa amaqhawe amakhulu.
Kwanele nje bheka imibono yokuqala yendawo yonke ngethiyori ye-geocentric. Isisekelo esahlala sisebenza kwaze kwaphakama iRenaissance kanjalo.
Ukukhuluma ngale sayensi exhumene neGreece kuyisiqinisekiso sezenzo ezinhle ezindabeni zesayensi yendalo yonke. Amaqhawe anjengo-Aristotle, uPtolemy, u-Archimedes nabanye, angabanikazi bemisebenzi yezinkanyezi enethonya kakhulu yangaleso sikhathi. Nakuba imibono yakhe eminingana isilahliwe, yaba isiqalo sokusekela isayensi yezinkanyezi eGrisi lasendulo.
Ukuhambela izinkanyezi nge-Almagest
I-Almagest, kuwumsebenzi wokugcina wobuciko kaPtolemy wokuchaza indawo yonke. Lapho ishicilelwa, inkolelo-mbono yakhe ye-geocentric yayiqiniswe ngokugcwele, ngakho yamukelwa ngokushesha umphakathi wesayensi.
Ngaphakathi kwe-Almagest, imilaza engama-48 egunyaziwe neyaziwa njengamanje, kuhlanganise naleyo yezinkanyezi, ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe. Naye, uPtolemy wanikeza umbono oqondile futhi ohlanganisiwe wokunyakaza okwenziwa amaplanethi azungeze uMhlaba.
Ukubheka usayizi wendawo yonke: I-Sand Counter
U-Archimedes uhlonishwa ngokubhala "El Contador de Arena", umsebenzi ohloselwe ukubala ubukhulu bomkhathi. Kafushane, lo mbhalo unesisekelo sokunquma ukuthi zingaki izinhlamvu zesihlabathi esingagcwalisa ngazo indawo yonke.
Umthombo: Inkanyezi Ezokuvakasha
Ngaphandle kokucabangela ukulinganisa ubukhulu bangempela bendawo yonke, wasebenzisa umsebenzi wakhe ukuze akhe uhlelo olukhulu lokubala izinombolo. Ngenxa yeqhaza lakhe, inqwaba, yaziwa ngokuveza izinombolo ezingabaleki noma ezingachazeki.
Imicabango ka-Aristotle: Ezulwini
Phezu kweZulu lidlule ukuze abe ubuciko befilosofi kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi ka-Aristotle. Kuyo, ukunyakaza okunembe kakhulu nezincazelo ngezinkanyezi ezifundwa ngaleso sikhathi kuyabanjwa.
Ngokufanayo, u-Aristotle ugcizelela umbono wakhe wokuzungeza komhlaba kanye nomhlaba wonke. Ngokuyisisekelo, kwathola ukuthi uMhlaba, njengembulunga yonke, unomumo oyisiyingi ophelele, onyakazayo onesizathu nokuthi wenzeni.