La ukuncishiswa kwemali mboleko kuyindlela ababolekisi abaqinisekisa ngayo ukugcwaliseka kwezibopho zabo zezezimali kumboleki. Kulesi sihloko, sizokufundisa ukuthi ungayenza kanjani iphumelele.
Ngaphambi kokuncishiswa kwemali mboleko, yini imali mboleko?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ngaphambi kokungena esihlokweni umqondo wemalimboleko. Lokhu akukhona okunye ngaphandle komsebenzi wezezimali owenziwa phakathi komuntu odinga uhlobo oluthile lwezimali kanye nebhizinisi lezezimali elinikezayo.
Imali mboleko noma umsebenzi wesikweletu, njengoba kubuye kubizwe njalo, ithola le ncazelo ngokusungula isibopho somboleki sokubuyisela inani lemali etholiwe, kanye nenkokhelo eyengeziwe kumabolekisi ngayo, phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.
Njengoba sibona, imali ebolekiwe inezinzuzo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Okokuqala ngomboleki, othola uxhaso lwezimali ngokushesha uma umsebenzi usugunyaziwe futhi okwesibili okomboleki, othola inkokhelo maqondana nenani lemali elinikeziwe ekuxhaseni ngemali.
Emalini mboleko, ezinye izimo zokuthotshelwa okuqinile komboleki ziyadingeka eziphathelene nesikhathi sokukhokhwa kwezitolimende zoxhaso olutholiwe.
Sikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu ku- izidingo zemalimboleko lapho uzothola khona ulwazi olwengeziwe onentshisekelo ngalo.
Kuyini ukuncishiswa kwemali mboleko?
Ngokuqondile, lezi zitolimende esizikhokhayo ngezikhathi ezithile, zithobela ingxenye yemali enkulu exhasiwe kanye nenye ingxenye nenzalo yaleyo mali. Le nqubo yokukhokha izitolimende ngezikhathi ezithile yiyona eyaziwa ngokuthi ukubuyisela imali mboleko.
Ngokuvamile, abaphathi bebhizinisi basebenzisa ukukhokhwa kwemali mboleko njengethuluzi lokuhlola lokuhlola ukuphathwa kobungozi kumaphrojekthi asathuthukiswayo. Njengoba ukuhlolwa kosomabhizinisi kuhle, imininingwane enemininingwane eyanele yenani lamanje linsalela kanye nezinga langaphakathi lembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali ngoxhaso lwezimali lwangaphandle lungatholakala.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuncishiswa kwemali mboleko?
Kufanele wazi ukuthi ukuncishiswa kwemali mboleko kuhlanganisa izinzuzo eziningi zomboleki, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kuhambisana nokukhanselwa kwezitolimende zenkunzi yezimali.
Lokho kusho ukuthi ekukhokheni ngakunye esikwenzayo, sigcina sikweleta imali encane kumashonisa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukubalwa kwezinzalo ezilandelayo kuzoncishiswa ngokuphathelene nemali esele okufanele ikhokhwe.
Ngokufanayo, singenza izitolimende ezengeziwe zokuncishiswa kwezindleko ezizoba nomthelela omuhle kakhulu. Nokho, kuye ngohlobo lwesivumelwano sangaphambilini ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesivumelwano sesikweletu, lapho senza i-amortizations eyengeziwe, sinciphisa izitolimende zesikhathi esizayo ngenani lemali noma ngenani lezitolimende ezisele okufanele sizikhansele.
Le nqubo yokugcina yokuncishiswa kwenani ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-amortization ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi isho izinzuzo ezinkulu kumabolekisi. Futhi kungukuthi ngokukhansela izitolimende zezikweletu zakho kusenesikhathi, uzokwazi ukuqinisekisa, okokuqala, ubuyisela imali encane kunaleyo ebilindelwe.
Njengenzuzo yesibili yokukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuthi uma ukwenza kwethu kuletha imiphumela elindelekile, enkokhelweni ngayinye yesikhathi esizayo sizothola inzuzo enkulu.
Futhi njengenzuzo yesithathu kanye nezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izinzuzo, ngokunciphisa imigomo yemalimboleko noma izitolimende, sizozuza ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu ngokubona ingcindezi yezibopho ezitholiwe iyancipha.
Yiziphi izimo okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo ukuze kukhokhwe imali ebolekiwe?
Ukuncishiswa kwenani njengenqubo kufanele kuhambisane nochungechunge lwezinto ukuze ukwazi ukubala ngendlela efanele. Lezi zici yilezi ezilandelayo:
Usonhlamvukazi
Ikhephithali ihambisana nenani lemali eyabelwe umabolekisi ukuze kuxhaswe imali yebhizinisi lethu. Ngokufanayo, kuhlanganisa isibopho lapho umebolekisi okufanele akhokhelwe inani lenzalo ngezikhathi ezithile.
imali ye-amortization
Inkokhelo ye-amortization yitemu esichaza ngalo inani lemali okuthi ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokwemigomo nemibandela yemali mboleko, kufanele sikhokhele umebolekisi.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zikhathi ziba nyanga zonke, ngekota noma isigamu sonyaka, kuye ngohlobo lwemali mboleko kanye nenani layo. Lezi zitolimende ze-amortization zinengxenye yemali kanye nenye inzuzo, ngokohlobo lwe-amortization esivumelene ngayo ekuqaleni komsebenzi wesikweletu.
Imali esebenzayo yemali mboleko
Ikhephithali esebenzayo yemali mboleko iyingxenye yezimali esele ilindile ukuthi ikhanselwe kuze kube yilapho senza ukuncishiswa okuhambisanayo.
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi leli gama alihlanganiswa nenani lesikweletu esisilele, njengoba lisebenza kuphela emalini yemali hhayi enzuzweni okufanele ikhokhwe.
Imali ekhokhwayo
Ikhephithali ekhokhwayo yigama esilisebenzisayo ukubhekisela enanini elihambisana nemali enkulu yesikweletu esiye sasihlonipha ngezitolimende zezikhathi ezithile zokuncishiswa kwezindleko ezenziwe ngempela.
Inzalo
Inzalo igama elihambisana nenkokhelo okufanele siyikhokhe kumashonisa ngezimali ezitholiwe. Inani libalwa ngokusekelwe kumaphesenti emali egunyazwe ukuxhaswa ngezimali.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inzalo ingase ihluke ngokuvumelana nemibandela yangaphambilini yemali mboleko. Esimeni semali mboleko lapho i-amortization yenziwe, inani lenzalo liyehla ngokwezinga lapho imali esebenzayo yemali mboleko yehla khona.
Esimeni lapho izinkokhelo zingezamanani angaguquki ngesikhathi sokubolekwa imali, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza kwezimali zenzalo enkokhelweni yokubuyisela kuncipha futhi imali yekhepitali iyenyuka.
Amathebula Okwehliswa Kwemalimboleko
Lapho sifaka isicelo sokubolekwa imali, kufanele sinake itafula noma itafula lokuncishiswa kwezindleko. Lokhu akukhona okungaphezu kohlu olunemininingwane yezinsuku zekhalenda lapho amanani emali kanye nenzalo okumelwe kucatshangelwe khona aziswa. Kuzo, inani lemali kanye nenzalo encishisiwe kanye nalezo ezisala ziyizimpahla okufanele zihlonishwe ngezinsuku ezithile kufanele ziboniswe ngendlela efanayo.
Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi ithebula le-amotization lingaba nemithelela ehlukile ezoncika ngokuyisisekelo enani lenzalo okuxoxiswene ngayo ekusebenzeni kwesikweletu. Lokhu kunemininingwane ngezansi:
Uma izinga lenzalo okuvunyelenwe ngalo emsebenzini liyizinga elimisiwe, sizokwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi ithebula le-amortization lizoba elokugcina futhi libe ngelangempela kusukela ngesikhathi libalwa ngalo, ngakho kuzoba ithebula noma ithebula elizosetshenziswa ukunikezwa kwekhredithi..
Uma, ngokuphambene, inzalo okuvunyelenwe ngayo ekusebenzeni kwesikweletu ingeyezinga eliguquguqukayo, ithebula le-amortization lizoba yireferensi kodwa hhayi eliwujuqu. Lokhu kuzobonisa ukuziphatha kokuncishiswa kwenani ngokwezinga lapho izinga lenzalo libonisa ukuhluka okulindelekile.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusho ukuthini, kufanele ucace ukuthi isikhungo sezezimali esizokunikeza imali ebolekiwe sinesibopho sokukunikeza lolu lwazi futhi uma kwenzeka inzalo ingeyezinga eliguquguqukayo, kufanele ucele ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwetafula.
Izinhlobo ze-Amortization Yemalimboleko
Ukwehliswa kwemali mboleko kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lokhu kuzoncika esivumelwaneni sangaphambili phakathi kwezinhlangothi ngesikhathi sokuvumelana ngokusebenza kwesikweletu.
Kufanele sicacise ukuthi uhlobo lokuncishiswa kwenani alisho noma yikuphi ukuhluka ngokwenani lokugcina okufanele likhokhwe ngumuntu othola uxhaso. Kodwa-ke, uma ingamela uhlobo oluthile lwenzuzo ngokwendlela yokukhokha kalula okufanele yenziwe ngumbolekisi.
Ukukhetha indlela yokubuyisela imali mboleko kuzoncika kakhulu ekululameni okunikezwa umfakisicelo wemalimboleko, ukukhanselwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezitolimende zokukhokha. Ngakho-ke, sethula okuvame kakhulu.
Ukuncishiswa kwemali mboleko kusetshenziswa indlela yesiFulentshi
Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi eyamukelwa emhlabeni wonke indlela yesiFulentshi yokubuyisela imali mboleko. Ngokuyisisekelo, le ndlela iqukethe ukusetha nokukhansela izitolimende zezikhathi ezithile yenani elifanayo ngomboleki.
Lezi zitolimende, njengoba zenzeka, zishintsha isabelo semali nenzalo yakhona, ngaphandle kokushintsha isamba esizokhokhwa. Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi phakathi nezitolimende zokuqala, inani lenzalo liyoba likhulu kunesamba sikathishanhloko, kuyilapho ezitolimendeni zokugcina, ubuhlobo buyoba ngokuphambene nalokho, okungukuthi, inani likathishanhloko liyoba likhulu kunemali inani lenzalo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukumiswa kwezilinganiso kuthobela imithetho yezezimali ekubaleni kwayo okuzonquma ukukhokhwa kwemali ehlala njalo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lenzalo lemali lilungiswe ngesikhathi semalimboleko. Esimeni sokuthatha isilinganiso senzalo esiguquguqukayo, izitolimende zizoba njalo enkathini yesikhathi lapho izinga lenzalo elishiwo lingethuki ukuhluka.
Isibonelo esiphawuleka kakhulu salolu hlobo lwe-amortization sihambisana nemali mboleko yezindlu. Kulokhu ungabona ukuthi ezitolimendeni zokuqala kukhokhwa imali enkulu ngenzalo ezokwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu abaningi, lapho becela isitatimende sesikweletu sesikhathi esimaphakathi, bayamangala ukuthola ukuthi iningi lemali libonakala linjalo.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
Njengoba sibona, inzuzo eyinhloko yalolu hlobo lwe-amortization ukuthi, uma siphatha ithebula le-amortization, sizokwazi kusengaphambili inani elikhokhelwe imali kanye nenzalo kanye nalokho okuzobe kusalindwe ukukhokhwa. Ngokufanayo, enye inzuzo ukuthi njengoba isikhathi sihamba futhi kuye ngokuthi amazinga e-inflation, sizojabulela ukuthi inani lemali lizofinyeleleka kakhulu ekuhlonishweni.
Okubi kakhulu ukuthi izitolimende eziningi zokuqala zizosetshenziselwa ukukhansela inzalo yemali ebolekiwe, ngakho-ke kuzobonakala ezikhathini zokuqala ukuthi imali izohlala injalo.
Ake sibone isibonelo esinezibalo okulula ukuzisebenzisa ukuze uziqonde; Ake sithi sinemali ebolekiwe engu-$50.000 esikhungweni sezezimali esisungula inzalo engaguquki engu-3% ngonyaka, ukuze siyikhokhe ngezitolimende ezi-5 zanyanga zonke.
| Izinyanga | Izimo | I-Amortization | Inzalo | I-Capital Evelele |
| 1 | $10.075,12 | $9.950,12 | $125,00 | $40.049,88 |
| 2 | $10.075,12 | $9.975,00 | $100,12 | $30.074,88 |
| 3 | $10.075,12 | $9.999,93 | $75,19 | $20.074,95 |
| 4 | $10.075,12 | $10.024,93 | $50,19 | $10.050,02 |
| 5 | $10.075,12 | $10.050,02 | $25,10 | $0,00 |
| Ubude | $50.000,00 | $375,60 | ||
Singabona ukuthi ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, izingqinamba zihlala zihleliwe ku-$ 10.075,12; Leli nani liwumphumela wokusatshalaliswa kwezitolimende zokuncishiswa kwenani lemali ekhokhwayo kanye nezinzalo ezihambisanayo, ezihlukahlukayo ngesitolimende ngasinye esikhokhwa ngendlela ephambene; isitolimende sokuqala sinomnikelo ophezulu wesithakazelo, kanti okokugcina, lolu thando luncane kunenhloko-dolobha.
Ukuncishiswa kwemali mboleko kusetshenziswa indlela yesiJalimane
Eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela ye-amortization engashintshi. Indlela yaseJalimane yokwehliswa kwemali mboleko futhi iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezikweletu zezikhungo zezezimali, evamise ukubolekwa imali yezindlu.
Ibonakala kakhulu ngokuncishiswa okuqhubekayo kwesitolimende esigxilile semali yezimali esiyitholile, kuyilapho izinzalo zihluka kuye ngemali esele yemali mboleko.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, singakwazi ukunquma izici ezintathu ezibalulekile kulolu hlobo lokukhokhwa kwemali mboleko. Okokuqala, izitolimende eziqhubekayo ze-amortization ngezikhathi ezithile ze-capital. Okulandelayo, ukwehla kwezinga lenzalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ngenxa yalokho, isici sakhona sesithathu, kuzoba yileso sokuncipha kwezitolimende sezizonke.
Okunye okuhlukile kwalolu hlelo ukuthi ukukhokhwa kwenzalo kwenziwa kusenesikhathi esitolimende ngasinye, njengoba kubalwa maqondana nemali esele yemali mboleko, eyehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sesikweletu.
Izinzuzo nokungalungi
Njenganoma iyiphi indlela yokukhokha, lena inezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu kumbolekisi. Phakathi kwalokhu, kukhona iqiniso elingephikwe lokuthi phakathi nenkathi yesikweletu, sizobe sesikhokhe ingxenye yemali eyinhloko yezimali ezitholiwe. Ngokunjalo, njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, isitolimende ngasinye sizoncipha, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ukuthi imali encane izokhokhwa, nakuba kungenjalo.
Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inezinye izinkinga, nakuba ngokungafani nezinzuzo, azibalulekile kakhulu. Lokhu, okokuqala, umbono wezitolimende eziphakeme kakhulu ekuqaleni kwesikhathi semalimboleko kanti okwesibili, akunconywa ukwenza ukukhokha ngaphambi kwesikhathi njengoba inzalo ikhokhwa ngokusekelwe kuyo yonke imali ephilayo.
Umehluko phakathi kwale ndlela kanye nendlela yesiFulentshi echazwe ngaphambilini usekubalweni kwenzalo kanye nendlela yayo yokukhokha ngesikhathi sokubolekwa imali; ngokufanayo, kusabelomali esingaguquki sekhephithali esikhanseliwe ekuncishisweni kwenani ngakunye.
Ngokuqhubeka nesibonelo esishiwo ngaphambilini, lapho sicabanga ukuthi sinemali mboleko ka-$50.000 enebhizinisi lezezimali elisungula inzalo egxilile engu-3% ngonyaka, ukuze siyikhansele phakathi kwezitolimende ezi-5 zanyanga zonke, singaphinda sibale ithebula le-amortization ngaphansi kwale ndlela. futhi sizothola imiphumela elandelayo: