Funda kabanzi mayelana nomlando wesinye sezithombe ezifanekisayo nezidumile kunazo zonke; “uthando kanye psyche”, eyenziwe ngumdwebi odumile nomqophi wemvelaphi yase-Italy u-Antonio Canova. Kuyisifanekiso semabula se-neoclassical.
uthando kanye psyche
Umsebenzi othi "Love and psyche", owaziwa nangokuthi i-Psyche ovuselelwe ngokwanga kothando, ungomunye wemisebenzi yobuciko ebaluleke kakhulu futhi eyizifanekiselo emlandweni. Sibhekisela emfanekisweni oqoshiwe wemabula emhlophe owaqala ukwenziwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Umuntu onesibopho sokwenza umsebenzi u-Amor y Psyche wayengelutho futhi engelutho ngaphandle komdwebi owazalwa e-Italy u-Antonio Canova. Lo msebenzi wenza inkomba kaSocratic kumfutho we-Eros (Uthando) umsebenzi oguquguqukayo wokuhlanganisa umzimba nomphefumulo usebenzisa izinzwa nezingqondo ezidumisa uthando.
Umfanekiso oqoshiwe owenziwe yiCanova okwamanje ungatholakala eLouvre Museum edolobheni laseParis, lapho ugcinwe khona. Lo msebenzi wawungomunye wabamele kakhulu futhi odumile emsebenzini wobuciko ka-Antonio Canova, obhekwa abaningi njengomunye wabaqophi ababaluleke kakhulu nabadwebi be-neoclassicism.
historia
Umdwebi nomqophi wemvelaphi yase-Italy, u-Antonio Canova, wathunywa ukuba enze lo mfanekiso obalulekile, odume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. I-Love and Psyche yenziwa ngokukhethekile eminyakeni eyishumi ka-1787, lapho uCanova ephethe ukubunjwa kwayo, nokho kwadingeka kudlule iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kokuba isithombe siqedwe ngokuphelele.
Umfanekiso oqoshiwe owaziwa ngokuthi "Uthando Nengqondo" waqedwa nguCanova ngonyaka we-1793. I-Canova, echazwe abaningi njengomunye wabadwebi abakhulu be-neoclassical emlandweni, yenza umzamo omkhulu wokwenza umqondo walo msebenzi wobuciko. Lo mfanekiso wavela ngemva kwesicelo esenziwa ngaleso sikhathi uColonel John Campbell waseBrithani.
Umsebenzi wagcina utholwe ngumdayisi nomqoqi wamaDashi uHenry Hoppe ngeminyaka yawo 1800. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile wawuzogcina usezandleni zeNkosi yaseNaples kanye nomlamu kaNapoleon, uJoachim Murat, owathatha ukuze awubonise phakathi. amagugu enqaba yakhe. Kuthiwa lesi sithombe esiqoshiwe siyingxenye yezinguqulo eziyisithupha zenganekwane ye-Cupid ne-Psyche, engafi u-Apuleius ku-Metamorphosis yakhe (I-Golden Ass), eyakhiwe ngu-Antonio Canova.
Namuhla lo mfanekiso ungabonakala eMnyuziyamu waseLouvre, osedolobheni lezivakashi laseParis, eFrance. Ungomunye wemisebenzi ethakaselwa kakhulu futhi edumile emlandweni. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, uPsyche wayeyinkosazana enhle futhi ekhangayo, indodakazi yenkosi yase-Asiya. Ubuhle bakhe bamenza wafaniswa no-Aphrodite ongasoze walibaleka, into u-Aphrodite, njengonkulunkulukazi wobuhle, ayengayithandi kakhulu.
Indaba ithi u-Aphrodite, phakathi kokucasuka kwakhe ekuqhathaniseni okunjalo, wazama ukujezisa inkosazana u-Psyche kabili, kodwa akazange acabange ukuthi indodana yakhe u-Eros, unkulunkulu wothando wamaGreki, uzogcina ethandane noPsyche.
Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngaphansi kwesitayela se-neoclassical. Lo mfanekiso unobude obulinganiselwa kumamitha angu-1,55, ubude ulinganisa amamitha angu-1,68, kanti ububanzi, umfanekiso uzungeze amamitha angu-1,01. I-Italian Canova yayenza ngemabula, yingakho ibhekwa njengenye yezincwadi eziyigugu kakhulu emlandweni.
Umdwebi nomqophi wase-Italy wasebenzisa indlela yokuqopha ukuze enze lesi siqeshana esiwuphawu. Umsebenzi umele i-Psyche evuselelwe ngokuqatshulwa kothando kukaCupid. Kungashiwo ukuthi lesi sithombe esiqoshiwe sibhekisela ngendlela ephawulekayo kulo lonke uthando, intshiseko nesifiso esivela kungazelelwe phakathi kwezithandani ezimbili.
Izinganekwane
Njengoba sesishilo kancane ngenhla, umsebenzi othi Love and Psyche ka-Antonio Canova wase-Italy, umelela ngokuqondile indaba evuthayo ye-Psyche ne-Cupid evela ku-Apuleius ethi The Metamorphosis. Ezinganekwaneni, i-Psyche imelelwa njengenkosazana enhle nekhangayo. Ubuhle bakhe obungenakuphikiswa babangela umona omkhulu empilweni ka-Aphrodite.
Phakathi nomona wakhe, u-Aphrodite unquma ukuthumela indodana yakhe u-Cupid ukuba amdubule umcibisholo futhi ngaleyo ndlela enze inkosazana ithandane nendoda embi kakhulu embusweni wonke. Nokho, amacebo u-Aphrodite ayenawo engqondweni awazange abangele imiphumela ayeyilindele.
Indodana ka-Aphrodite ye-cupid yagcina ithandana kabi ne-princess Psyche, yalahla lonke icebo likanina. Ekugcineni, walahla umcibisholo futhi washiya izinhloso zika-Aphrodite. UCupid wayeyazi kahle isimilo sikanina. Ngaleso sizathu unquma ukufihla uthando lwakhe Psyche ebumnyameni.
U-Psyche, naphezu kokungakwazi ukubona ubuso buka-Eros ebumnyameni, wagcina ethandana naye ngokufanayo. Ngesinye isikhathi, inkosazana ayikwazanga ukumelana nesifiso sokubona ukubukeka kwesithandwa sayo, ngakho yakhanyisa isibani. Wathi uma elayitha kwawa ithonsi lamafutha esibani lashisa ubuso bothandiweyo wakhe.
U-Eros, ecasulwe yilokho okwenzekile, wenza isinqumo sokushiya i-Princess Psyche futhi waya kude. Nokho, i-Psyche ayizimisele ukulahla uthando lwakhe lwangempela. Kungakho ethatha isinqumo sokumfuna ngamandla aze ayophelela esihogweni. U-Eros, esathandana, wahamba wayofuna inkosazana yakhe, eyayikwi-coma ngoba yembule isifuba esigcwele "ubuthongo obumangalisayo":
Ngokumanga wakwazi "ukuhlanza kusho iphupho emehlweni akhe." Laba bobabili bathembisana ukuthi ngeke baphinde bahlukane futhi baphila kamnandi.
inganekwane nesifinyezo
Ngokusho komlando ovezwayo, u-Apuleius engafi ku-Metamorphosis yakhe (Imbongolo Yegolide), i-Princess Psyche yayibhekwa njengenhle kakhulu futhi ikhangayo phakathi kodadewabo abathathu. Yena, ngaphandle kokuthi wayemuhle kunabo bonke, wayengomncane kunabo bonke. Laba besifazane kwakungamadodakazi enkosi yase-Anatolian.
U-Aphrodite, ogcwele inzondo nomona ngobuhle bomzimba be-Psyche, unquma ukuthumela indodana yakhe u-Eros (cupid) ukuze aqalise umcibisholo ngokumelene nendodakazi yenkosi. Iphuzu lalowo mcibisholo kwakuwukwenza u-Psyche athandane nomuntu owesabekayo futhi owesabekayo kakhulu embusweni. Kodwa-ke, u-Eros wamthanda futhi waphonsa umcibisholo we-spell olwandle, lapho u-Psyche elele, wamyisa esigodlweni sakhe.
Ukuzama ukugwema ulaka luka-Aphrodite, uma esenenkosazana esigodlweni sakhe, u-Eros ubonakala ngaso sonke isikhathi ebusuku, phakathi kobumnyama. U-Eros wenqabela i-Psyche ukuthi izame ukuphenya noma yimiphi imininingwane mayelana nokuthi ungubani. Uncamela ukuthi angalokothi abubone ubuso bakhe bangempela. Okwamanje, bobabili bathandana ngokusangana phakathi kobumnyama.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uPsyche watshela u-Eros ukuthi wayebakhumbula kakhulu abanye odadewabo ababili nokuthi wayefisa ukuphinde ababone. U-Eros wasamukela isiphakamiso sesithandwa sakhe, kodwa futhi wamxwayisa ngokuthi odadewabo bazofuna ukuqeda injabulo yakhe. Ngosuku olulandelayo, u-Psyche waphinde wahlangana nodadewabo, abambuza ngomona ukuthi ungubani umyeni wakhe.
Inkosazane yayingazi ukuthi izobachazela kanjani odadewabo ukuthi ungubani umyeni wayo njengoba yayingakaze ibubone ubuso bayo. Akazange aphinde azitshele ukuthi uyinsizwa ezingelayo, nokho wagcina elivume lonke iqiniso. Wabatshela ukuthi wayengazi ngempela ukuthi ungubani umyeni wakhe.
Ngakho, odadewabo benkosazana, bamqinisekisa ukuthi phakathi nobusuku, akhanyise isibani futhi akwazi ukubuka ubuso besithandwa sakhe. Odade bamtshela ukuthi umyeni wakhe angaba inunu, ngoba yayingekho enye incazelo yokuthi angazifihli ukuthi ungubani.
U-Psyche ugcina ewela umdlalo wodadewabo futhi unquma ukufuna isibani futhi asikhanyise, ukuze abone ubuso bomyeni wakhe. Iconsi lamafutha abilayo lawela ebusweni buka-Eros obuthongo. Ngaleso sikhathi avuke akhokhele, ephoxekile, inkosazana yakhe ayithandayo.
Lapho inkosazana ibona iphutha elenzile, inxusa u-Aphrodite ukuba amvumele aphinde athole uthando luka-Eros, kodwa unkulunkulukazi onenyanye uyayiyala ukuba yenze imisebenzi emine, cishe engenzeki kumuntu ofayo, ngaphambi kokubuyisela isithandwa sayo. Ekugcineni, ngale kokungalaleli kowesifazane osemusha, u-Eros unquma ukumsindisa ngokumanga ebuthongweni obujulile nobubulalayo ayejeziswe kubo.
U-Eros naye wamlamulela ngaphambi kukaZeus ukuba amamukele e-Olympus, ngaleyo ndlela eba umuntu ongafi.
I-Etymology yegama elithi psyché
"Isenzo sesiGreki esithi ψύχω, psycho, sisho "ukushaya". Kusukela kulesi senzo kwakhiwe ibizo elithi ψυχή, elibhekisela ekuqaleni umoya, umoya noma umoya ophumayo lapho umuntu efa. Njengoba lowokuphefumula kuhlala kumuntu kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, u-ψυχή ufika usho ukuphila.
"Lapho i-psyche iphunyuka esidumbu, iholela ekuphileni okuzimele: amaGreki ayecabanga ukuthi ingumuntu onamaphiko, i-anthropomorphic figure, i-double noma i-eidolon yomuntu oshonile, ovame ukuphelela eHayidesi, lapho asinda khona ngendlela emnyama neyomoya. ."
Ngokwalokho uHomer akuveza izikhathi eziningana, ingqondo iphuma emlonyeni waleso silwane esifayo, njengokungathi uvemvane (nalo elibhalwe ngendlela efanayo ngesiGreki; psyché). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu abaningi babona i-psychopomp ku-butterfly.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo ezihlokweni ezilandelayo: