Munhu akaonekwa nekushongedza nharaunda dzaanogara, zvingave nezvinhu zvakakosha kana zverunako rumwe chete, asi chinhu chinogara chiripo zvirimwa, kunyanya maruva, zvinoratidzira munyaya iyi African Violet, iyo chirimwa chinoshamisa chine maruva epepuru akanyanya anopa ruvara rwakakura kunzvimbo dzaanowanikwa, pazasi isu tichasimbisa zvese zvine chekuita neruva iri rakanaka uye kutarisirwa kunofanirwa kurichengeta mukubwinya kwaro kukuru.
The African Violet
Zvirimwa imhando dzemiti dzakaparadzirwa pasi rose, dzichiita chikamu chemakondinendi mashanu, ichienderana nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana anobvumira kusiyana kukuru kwemarudzi; vachiratidza kukosha kwavanazvo pakuchengetedza hupenyu hwepasi nekuti kuburikidza nephotosynthesis yavanoita, zvinokwanisika kuwana mweya weokisijeni inodyiwa nezvisikwa zvese zvipenyu.
Muchiitiko ichi, African Violet inomira kunze, chirimwa chinobva kumakomo eAfrica ari munzvimbo dzekumabvazuva, zita rayo resainzi ndiSaintpaulia Ionantha, ndeyemhuri yeGesneriaceae, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ejena uye marudzi akawanda, rimwe nerimwe riri. Inoumbwa nemaruva maduku emarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye shades, asi inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyepepuru. Nhasi vanonyanya kutsvakwa kuti vashongedze zvikamu zvemukati zvedzimba uye zviitiko zvakakosha.
The African Violet ine mashizha ane zvimiro zvakatenderedzwa ane velvety texture kana akafukidzwa netuvhudzi tudiki, nechepakati ane tusumbu tusumbu twemaruva. Kutumbuka kwaro kunoonekwa kwegore rose, asi mushure mezvo, madzinde emaruva akaoma anooneka, asi mwaka wayo unoyevedza uri muchando, uchichengetedza runako rwayo uye kukwezva, ndicho chikonzero ichionekwa seruva rinotsvakwa zvikuru rekushongedza panguva dzakasiyana.
Imhando isingakwanise kushaikwa sechikamu chekushongedza kwemukati uye mudzimba dzemhuri, kuve chikamu chetafura yekutandarira, mashowcases, maturu, pakati pezvimwe. Iyo ine nhoroondo yakakosha yechinyakare sezvayaionekwa mumagadheni uye dzimba dzakapfuma muEurope pakati pezana ramakore reXNUMX.
African Violet Care
Zvirimwa chikamu chehupenyu hwemazuva ese munharaunda, zviripo mukushongedza kwemba uye kunyangwe munzvimbo dzemumadhorobha dzevanhu, kunyanya idzo dzine masumbu emaruva ayo asingangope runyararo asiwo runako kune nharaunda dzakagadzirwa nemunhu. Parizvino African Violet imhando inotsvakwa zvikuru nekuda kwerunako rwayo rwakasiyana uye mavara anoyevedza anozadza nemufaro chero kwavanenge vari.
Ichi chirimwa chinotsvakwa zvikuru asi chinoda kutariswa chaiko kuti ukure uye ukure zvine hutano, izvi zvinodaro nekuti chirimwa chiri mutropical chiri kutsvakwa zvakanyanya pakushongedza nekurimwa.Pazasi pane kurudziro yekutevera kuti uchengete zvine hungwaru. :
Substratum
Iyo substrate inozivikanwa sevhu kana ivhu iro rinoita basa rekupa zvese zvinodiwa zvinovaka muviri pakukura uye kukura kwezvinomera pamusoro penyika, zvichibvumira kusimbaradza kwemidzi yavo yemiti yemarudzi, ivo vane basa rekutora zvicherwa midzi yayo. uye woigovera mukati mehunde. Iyo yakakurudzirwa substrate yekukura maAfrican violets ndeye peat nejecha, inonyanyo zivikanwa nekuburitsa zvinhu zvinoibvumira kuchengetedza hunyoro muvhu uye kudonha nemazvo.
Iyo African Violet chirimwa chinoda yakakwira elemental yemukati, saka ivhu rinofanirwa kunge riine zvimiro zvakaita sekuchengetedza hunyoro muvhu rese, kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemvura uye kudonha kwemvura, zvinokurudzirwa kuti ive nemadhiraini akanaka. Panyaya idzi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti ivhu risanganiswe nejecha, peat, mulch kana gadheni substrate, nenzira iyi iyo yakanaka midziyo yekukura kwavo inowanikwa.
Chiedza
Chiedza chezuva chakakosha kuvimbisa hutano hwechirimwa chero chipi zvacho, ivo vanodiwa kuti vape chikafu chinodiwa, nenzira iyi mhando dzechirimwa dzinoita zvakakosha biochemical process yehupenyu hwese zvipenyu. Iyo African violet inoda kuvepo kwechiedza chakakwana asi zvisina kunanga, kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwechirimwa chayo. Inogonawo kukura zvakasimba munzvimbo dzine mimvuri.
Temperatura
Matembiricha ane hukama nemamiriro enzvimbo umo chirimwa chiripo, nekuda kwesimba remwaka yavanoiswa mukati megore. Kana iri African violet, inoda kudziya kwepamusoro nekuda kwekwayakabva, ingangoita 18ºC kusvika 22ºC, kudzivirira mazaya echando kana kuderera zvakanyanya. Nechikonzero ichi, ivo vanoiswa mukati medzimba kuti vadzivirire kubva kune yakanyanya tembiricha uye dhizaini. The African violet imhando yakapfava, uko kukura kwayo kunokanganisa kana iri pasi pe13ºC.
Kudiridza
Kudiridza seti yemaitiro akaiswa kuwedzera huwandu hwemvura inodiwa kuti zvirimwa zvikure zvakanaka, hachisi chakavanzika kune chero munhu kuti mvura chinhu chakakosha pahupenyu hwese zvipenyu, nenzira imwechete ine basa rakakosha muchirimwa. marudzi kwavanopindira mukuita kwephotosynthesis kunoitwa navo. Kushandiswa kwemvura kuburikidza nehunyanzvi uhu kunofanirwa kungwarira kusakuvadza chirimwa.
Muchiitiko cheAfrica violet, zvinokurudzirwa kuti urege kuiwedzera pamakumbo nemashizha ayo, kana ikashandiswa nekunyudzwa zviri nani asi kwete zvinosungirwa, nokuti zvakakwana kunyorova zvishoma mashizha emuti kuti uchengetedze. kunyorova zvakakwana. Izvo zvinodikanwa kudzora tembiricha yemvura iri kuiswa, zviri nani kuti iri pakamuri tembiricha, kana ichigara munzvimbo dzinotonhora umo tembiricha yemvura inosvika kusvika 15ºC, zviri nani kuirega ichizorora. usati wanyorera.
Kuwanda kwekudiridza kunofanira kuva kwakadzikama, kushandiswa nguva dzose mumwaka wezhizha nemwaka wechirimo, asi kuderedza pakati pematsutso nechando; Inofanira kushandiswa kusvikira huwandu hwakakodzera huchiitika, kana uchicherechedza kuvapo kwemaruva, kuderedza huwandu hwemvura kuitira kuti urege kukanganisa buds.
Kuwanza kana Kubereka
Kuwanda kwacho kwakabatana nenzira mbiri huru dzepabonde: kuburikidza nembeu uye chiito chemhepo chinobvumira kusangana kwemasero echikadzi eimwe chirimwa uye masero echirume eimwe; inogona zvakare kuve isina kujairika uko kune kuvepo kwenhengo dzese dzekubereka pachirimwa chimwe chete, zvichibvumira kumera kwekucheka kunochekwa uye nekusimwa kwakasiyana.
MuAfrica violet chirimwa, inoita iyo asexual process, uko kucheka kwayo kunotorwa kubva pamashizha ayo, inotemwa uye yozosimwa kuti iwane mhando nyowani. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti usaite nzira iyi nemiti inenge idiki, kana yachekwa inofanira kuiswa mumvura kweinenge mwedzi uye pakupedzisira yakasimwa. Mvura inofanira kunge iri pakamuri tembiricha uye substrate inoshandiswa inofanira kunge yakapfuma zvakakwana mune zvinovaka muviri, inovimbisa kuyerera kwakanaka uye kunobudirira kwezvakafanana.
Matambudziko panguva yekudyara
Iyo African Violet, semamwe marudzi ezvirimwa, inoratidzwa kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza anogona kubatsira mukukura kwayo nekukura, achitoratidza zviratidzo zvakasiyana kana zvichikuvadza, zvimwe zvacho zvinoratidzwa pazasi:
- Yellow spots (chirwere chezvirimwa)
- Maruva haakuri kana akasangana nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka.
- Nekuda kwechiedza chakaderera, inogona kunge iine kurasikirwa kwekusimba mumashizha ayo.
- Mavara machena pamaruva nekuda kwekunyanya kunyorova.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira: