The Goldberg Kusiyana dzinomira dzakatanhamara pakati pepiyano repertoire yepasi rose sebasa guru renziyo risati rambovapo uye iro rakanyorwawo. Johann Sebastian Bach aive muimbi ane mukurumbira uye ane mukurumbira munhoroondo yemimhanzi yekuMadokero aimiririra mimhanzi yeBaroque art.
Chii chinonzi Goldberg Variations?
Iyo Goldberg Variations, BWV 988, izita rakapihwa kuumbwa mumhando yekuimba yekibhodhi, yakaumbwa nemurongi weGerman Baroque Johann Sebastian Bach mugore ra1741.
Mukutanga kwayo yakadanwa nemunyori aria ine misiyano yakasiyana yeharpsichord ine makiyibhodhi maviri, anoti: Aria mit verschiedenen Verænderungen vors Clavicimbal mit 2 Manualen, basa remimhanzi rakarongwa munguva iyo Bach akaita semuimbi muChechi yeSanto Tomás. de Leipzig.
Zita rayo rinobva kune harpsichordist uye Bach mudzidzi Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, inofungidzirwa kuti angave ari wekutanga kuzviita. Saizvozvo, inoonekwa sehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi yaBach.
Iyo Goldberg Variations inoratidzika yakaumbwa kune maviri-keyboard harpsichord, iyo inoshandura kuita chiridzwa chemimhanzi chine makiibhodhi maviri, imwe yacho iri pamusoro peimwe; zvichida, uye anoonekwa zvakajairika mumabasa akarongwa nokuda harpsichord, apo mumwe maoko ari kuridza chidimbu pane imwe kiibhodhi maviri, ukuwo rumwe rutivi pane imwe kiibhodhi, kuva tsika kuridza harpsichord.
Izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kuti iyi keyboard chiridzwa, -seyemhepo nhengo- yaive yakajairika munguva idzodzo.
Iyo Goldberg Misiyano muchirongwa chebasa raBach: iyo Clavier Übung
The Clavier Übung, ndiro zita rekutanga rakapihwa, mumutauro wechiGerman panguva iyoyo, kuunganidzwa kwezvinyorwa zvekibhodhi izvo zvakagadzirwa naJohann Sebastian Bach, mukati mehupenyu hwake, iyo yaakaburitsa muzvidimbu zvina, panguva makore 1731 kusvika 1742.
Parizvino Goldberg Misiyano inozivikanwa sezwi remubatanidzwa Klavierübung, rakamboshandurirwa muchiSpanish, rinoreva "keyboard exercises", uye iyo Bach akawana kubva kune akamutangira Johann Kuhnau, chiGerman Baroque kuumbwa, uye organ player. Iyo ipfupiso yechikamu chebasa rake remhando yekhibhodi, iyo yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina.
Zvinogoneka kuti pfungwa yake iyo Bach pachake akasarudza Liebhaber, iyo inoshandura akanaka uye akaomesesa anokwezva vadikani, Bach akaiswa sechinyorwa cheiri basa rinoshamisa, pamwe nemamwe emabasa ake: Denen Liebhabern zur Gemüths-Ergetzung verfertiget.
Izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kuti chikamu chekutanga cheanonyanyozivikanwa Clavier Übung, inoumbwa mune matanhatu partitas (mumhanzi chidimbu chechiridzwa chimwe chete) seBWV kubva 825 kusvika 830, mugore 1731.
Mugore ra1735, vakazozivikanwa muItaly Concerto, BWV 971 uye French Overture, BWV 831 sechikamu chechipiri nechechitatu chakaburitswa mugore ra1739, kusanganisira BWV organ partitas kubva 669 kusvika 689 muGerman mass, pamwe chete nemaduo mana eBWV clef kubva pa802 kusvika pa805. The Goldberg Variations yakatsikiswa sechikamu chechina uye chekupedzisira.
Iri basa rinoshamisa reGoldberg Variations, sezvarinova yekutanga nhevedzano yemabasa emimhanzi akakosha, eanopikisa, nzira yekuvandudza uye kuumbwa kwemimhanzi inokoshesa kubatana pakati pemanzwi maviri kana anopfuura emahara, ayo Johann Sebastian Bach, achatora achipedzisa hunyanzvi hwekuita zvemimhanzi, senge: : Mumhanzi unopihwa, BWV 1079, Das musikalische Opfer kubva mugore ra1747.
Zvinogonawo kuvonekwa muMusiyano Wakanaka maererano nekwaya yeKisimusi "Von Himmel hoch", BWV 769, Kanonischen Veränderungen über "Von Himmel hoch" kubva muna 1747 kusvika 1748, pamwe neThe Art of Fugue, BWV 1080, Die Kunst. der Fuge.
Zita rakasarudzwa rekuti Aria (dingindira guru) mit verschiedenen Veraenderungen vors Clavicembal mit 2 Manualen, rinomiririra chete maviri-keyboard harpsichord, inozivikanwa seharpsichord, kunyanya sechiridzwa chakanakira kuiridza.
Kuve mumwe wemikana mitatu, apo Bach akataura kuti chaive chiridzwa chakakosha chemumhanzi chekududzira kwemabasa ake makuru, kusvika pakurova kweConcerto yake yeItaly BWV 971 uye French Overture BWV 831. Unogonawo kunakidzwa Ovid's Metamorphoses
Pakaburitswa misiyano yeGoldberg muna 1741, iri muBhuku IV reClavier Übung, yakangonzi "aria ine misiyano yakasiyana yeharpsichord ine zvinyorwa zviviri". Mumiriri mukuru weibhodhi, pamwe nemunyori Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, zita rake rakabatanidzwa mubasa muna 1802, apo Johann Nikolaus Forkel, nyanzvi yemimhanzi yeGermany uye nyanzvi yemimhanzi, akabudisa biography yake itsva yeBach.
Nekudaro, kana iri dingindira reGoldberg Variations, Bach's masterpiece, hainyatso kutevedzera inozivikanwa patani. Kubva pachiitiko chakadaro, zvinonzi Johann Sebastian Bach akanga asina kumbove munhu aifarira kusiyana kwechinyorwa, uye sezvavari kuratidzwa iye zvino, ona kuti mubasa rake rose pane basa rimwe chete remhando imwechete, sezvo Izvi ndizvo. nyaya ye "Italian" zvakasiyana-siyana.
Muimbi akangwara uyu anoenda nezita raJohann Sebastian kubheja paGoldbergs, pfungwa yakakosha uye yakadzama, pane chiitiko chiri nyore chekuratidzira. Mukuvapo kwake pachake, achidzoka kubva kuGoldberg aria, anomiririra chirevo chikuru, achiona sekuti kudzoka kweGoldbergs pamagumo ehupenyu hwake kwaifanira kududzirwa sechiyeuchidzo chekudzoka kwekupedzisira kune chokwadi, ndiko kuti, chokwadi. zvekufa kwake chaiko.
Mhando dzinoverengeka dzenziyo dzaBach, uye kubva kuGoldberg's, dzakavakwa, uye zvichibva pahurongwa hwavo, gakava rakagadzirwa pakati peavo vanobvumirana neavo vasingavade.
Mavambo uye kukakavara pamusoro pekunyora kweari
Muchikamu ichi chechinyorwa, tichave tichitaura nezvekuzvarwa uye kukakavara kunoreva kunyorwa kwerwiyo, tichienderera mberi nenyaya yeBach's biography, sezvatataura mundima yapfuura, imhaka yaJohann Nikolaus Forkel, uyo anofumura mariri uye neiyo yakabudiswa mugore ra1802, misiyano yakanga iri pasi pebasa raBach, naCount Hermann Carl von Keyserlingk, mumiriri weRussia mudare reDresden.
Ndiani aive munyori mukuru wekuti Bach asarudzwe se "munyori wedare reSaxon", achitsigira muridzi wembira wedare rake, Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, ari mudzidzi akangwara waBach, kuti atsauswe navo husiku, apo kuverenga kwakatambura. kushaya hope.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero kuverenga kwakabatsira Bach nerupo, kumupa mukombe wegoridhe, waive nehombe huru yelouis d'or mukati, yakafanana ne500 thaler, panguva iyoyo yaive pasi pegore senge kantor yeThomaskirche yeguta reDresden. .
Saizvozvo, Johann Nikolaus Forkel, akaumba chikamu chehupenyu hwegore 1802, mushure memakore makumi matanhatu, ayo nemazvo ayo akapa zvakawanda zvekufunga nezvazvo. Zvingangodaro zvichikonzerwa nekushaikwa kwekuzvipira kwaizoiswa papeji yekutanga yebasa.
Vanotaura kuti panguva yekubudiswa kwebasa, Goldberg aingova nemakore gumi nemana, izvo Forkel anotsigira zvakamusiya asina chokwadi, pasinei nokuti Goldberg akanga atova nemukurumbira se harpsichordist ane ruzivo, uyewo gweta rakanaka. mazwi emimhanzi.
Zvisinei, zvakanaka kucherechedza munyaya iyi kuti mune imwe yezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano, keyboard player uye muongorori ane ruzivo paBach, Peter Williams, anotaura kuti nyaya inotaurwa naForkel ndeyenhema zvachose.
Kuve musoro unogara uchikwevera kutarisa kune genesis yechero musoro wenyaya, munzvimbo ino, isu tinoda kudzikamisa zvishoma nezve nyaya, sezvo zvichinzwika kunakidza kuziva kwayakabva.
Nyaya yacho inotaurawo kuti panguva iyoyo Goldberg akanga achishanda mubasa raCount Kayserling, mumiriri weRussia, uye muyemure mukuru, uye neimwe nzira mudziviriri weBach. Saka, kuverenga kwaiva murume aisagona kurara, uye aiwanzoshevedza kuvapo kwemuimbi wake weharpsichord, kuitira kuti ari mukamuri rake raiva pedyo raiva pedyo nerake, airidza uye ainakidzwa nemimhanzi yake usiku.
Saizvozvo, inotaura munhoroondo yayo kuti pane imwe yenzendo dzake kuenda kuLeipzig, Count Kayserling akaita chirevo kuna Bach, uyo aizozvipira kunyora zvidimbu zvemimhanzi izvo muzvinyorwa zvavo zvaizoratidza zvinhu zvinotapira uye zvinofadza panguva imwe chete, izvo zvingave. yakakosha yekunakidzwa nekuvaraidza.
Ipapo ndipo, apo Bach, aifarira semurwiyo sarabande yakanyorwa makore mazhinji apfuura uye yakadzivirirwa mubhuku raAna Magdalena, uye kwaakawedzera makumi matatu akasiyana, achisiya kuverenga kuchinakidzwa ne "misiyano yayo". Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, akapa munyori kopi yakafukidzwa nendarama nezana louis d'or.
Kunyora kweari
Pamusoro pechinhu ichi, tichireva nezvekunyora kwerwiyo, kwagara kune chokwadi chekubvunza, apo vamwe vanopokana kuti zvakavakirwa pamisiyano yepakutanga yaBach pachake kuti, kutadza izvo, hazvienderane, izvo zvinopesana nezvakawanda. dzidziso dzemataera kana mitauro yekutaura, ine zvimiro zvinoenderana nekutsvaga nekuwongorora kwekwakabva, pamwe nemusi wekunyora.
Muongorori wenyaya iyi uye nyanzvi yemimhanzi yeJapan, Yo Tomita, anotsinhira kuti kunyangwe rwiyo rwacho rwakakopwawo murugwaro rwechipiri rweBhuku Diki raAnna Magdalena Bach, kuti rakanyorwa nerunyoro rwake, pasina kusiya zita remunyori kana zita renziyo. chidimbu, chinogona kureva kuti zvichida munyori webasa akanga asingazivikanwe.
Nezvedingindira iri, zvakawanda zvinotaurwa, sezvakataurwa naYo Tomita, nekuda kwekuti aria iri mubass, kana kuti chikamu chekutanga chayo, idingindira rinozivikanwa, randinogona kusiyanisa mienzaniso yakawanda iri murepertoire. yezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Nepo dzimwe nyanzvi nevatsvaguri venyaya iyi vachisimbisa kuti Bach akangozvidzora pakukwereta mamwe epfungwa dzake kubva achiri mudiki kuimba yake. Panguva imwecheteyo, dzimwe nyanzvi, dzakadai semunyori wemimhanzi wekuGermany Arnold Schering, vanoramba vachiti ivo vanobva pakutarisa kwemaitiro, uye vanotaura kuti chirongwa chekugadzirisa uye kusimudzira hachisi chepakutanga kuna Bach.
Nepo munyori weGerman uye gweta Franz Leopold Neumann achidzivirira dzidziso yekusava munyori kwaBach, ukuwo Robert Marshall, muzvinabhizimusi uye wezvematongerwo enyika, achidzivirira hunyori hwaBach, vakatosvika pakutarisana neruzhinji nemaonero avo.
Zvisinei, Yo Tomita anogumisa kuti zviri pachena kuti pfungwa yakataurwa naMarshall yakakunda nokuda kwemashoko echinyorwa chaAnna Magdalena, angangoita 1740, ari akarurama kupfuura akaratidzwa neanopikisa. Zvakawanda zvekuti zvinogona kusimbiswa kuti Magdalena akanyora rwiyo rwezvimwe zvakanyorwa naBach, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mushandi angadai akazvishandisa kunyora.
Zvose izvi mhedziso, pamwe chete nezvakataurwa nenyanzvi yemimhanzi uye purofesa weHarvard University, Christoph Wolff, kubva muchidimbu chezvinyorwa, anoita seanodarika zvirevo zvekare zvakabva pakudzidza kwemaitiro.
Saizvozvowo, munyori wenhoroondo uye nyanzvi yemimhanzi David Schulenberg anosimbisa kuti rwiyo urwu haruna chiItalian kana chiFrench chimiro, sezviri pachena icho chine chimiro chedare reGerman chete, uye mamwe mareferenzi anomutungamira kuti aratidze mukati mehunyori hwaBach, kunyanya kushandurwa kwakanaka kwe. rhythm ine manotsi anoyerera zvakasimba painoti yekupedzisira.
Publication
Kubudiswa kwe<em>Goldberg Variations kwakaitwa mugore ra1741, gore rimwe chetero radzakarongwa, kana kuti zvimwe makanga muri mugore ra1742, musiki wavo achiri mupenyu, izvo zvisiri zvetsika. Mupepeti aitungamirira basa akanga ari mupepeti wenhau anonzi Balthasar Schmid, wokuNuremberg, uyo Bach akaramba aine ushamwari hukuru.
Muparidzi Schmid akauya kuzodhinda basa racho, kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokunyora pamahwendefa chaiwo muzvinhu zvemhangura, kunyange zvazvo chinhu chakanakisisa chaiva chokuti aizoshandisa mabhii anotakurika; mitsara yechinyorwa chekutanga yakanyorwa naSchmid pachake. Zvinogona kuonekwa muchinyorwa kuti zvirimo zvine zvakawanda zvisirizvo.
Zvinogona kuratidzwa pachivharo chebasa, mabhii echiGerman anoti: Clavier Ubung, bestehend, in einer ARIA, mit verschiedenen Veraenderungen, vors Clavicimbal, mit 2 Manualen.
Denen Liebhabern zur Gemüths, Ergetzung verfertiget von. Johann Sebastian Bach. Konigl Pohl. Curfl. Saechs. Hoff. Munyori, Capellmeister. Director. Chori Musici muLeipzig. Nürnberg muVerlegung. Balthasar Schmids, zvinoreva muchiSpanish zvinotevera: “Kudzidzira kiibhodhi maekisesaizi, anosanganisira ARIA ine misiyano yakasiyana yekiyi ine makiyibhodhi maviri.
Yakagadzirirwa vanyori, kuti vanakidzwe nemweya yavo, naJohann Sebastian Bach, muimbi wedare rehumambo rePoland uye dare reElector of Saxony, Kapellmeister uye Director weChoral Music muLeipzig. Nuremberg, Balthasar Schmid, mupepeti ".
Pamagwaro akakosha aya, panongova nenhamba shoma yemakopi gumi nemapfumbamwe echinyorwa chino chekutanga, anochengetwa muchikamu chemamuseum uye mukati memiunganidzwa yezvinyorwa zvinotorwa sezvisinganzwisisike.
Pakati pemakopi aya, iyo inonyanya kukosha, nokuti ine zvimwe zvigadziridzo uye kuwedzerwa kwakaitwa nemunyori pachake, apo iwe unogona kuona mubatsiri apo mitemo gumi nemana BWV 1087 yakanyorwa, iyo inochengetwa muNational Library yeFrance , Paris.
Makopi ambotaurwa ndiwo chete anowanikwa kuti ashandiswe nevaparidzi vakasiyana vemazuva ano, vanoedza kuvimbika kuchinangwa chaBach. Nekudaro, inochengetedzwa kuti yekutanga uye yakazara mamaki yakachengetedzwa nekufamba kwenguva, saka haina kugara. Nepo imwe yemakopi akanyorwa erwiyo yakawanikwa mukopi ye1725 mubhuku remukadzi wechipiri waBach, anonzi Anna Magdalena.
Nyanzvi yemimhanzi uye purofesa Christoph Wolff anofunga kuti Anna Magdalena akatora basa rekukopa rwiyo kubva pazvibodzwa zveautograph zvingangoita kubva mugore ra1740, iro rinowanikwa pamapeji maviri asina chinhu aive mukati mebhuku rekunyorera.
chimiro uye chimiro
The Goldberg Variations inoumbwa nedingindira rakasarudzika, rinonzi aria, iro rine makumi matatu akasiyana uye kutsiva aria kana aria da capo, izvo zvinoreva rudzi rwearia yemimhanzi yebaroque inoratidzwa neiyo ternary fomu, muzvikamu zvitatu.
Zvamazvirokwazvo, chinoabatanidza pakati pamativi azvo ose hakusi nokuda kwemutinhimira wakafanana, panzvimbo pezvo, imhaka yekwakabva misiyano mukutsinhirana mumutsara webhesi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nziyo dzinowanzochinja, zvisinei, dziri mukati medingindira rekusingaperi.
Dingindira mumutsara webhesi
Dingindira guru rebasa, Goldberg Variations, rinozaruka mukureba kwezvirongwa makumi matatu nembiri mumutsara wearia's bass ostinato, inova mufananidzo unodzokororwa kakawanda muchidimbu chemimhanzi, uye marongero ayo masere ekutanga ivo. akafanana neaya edingindira reChaconne ane makumi matanhatu nembiri akasiyana muG guru, Handel's HWV 442, sezvakataurwa naChristoph Wolff.
Georg Friedrich Haendel, munyori wechiGermany, akaronga nziyo dzake dzechiSpanish dzakakurumbira, pakati pemakore 1703 na1706, iyo yakabudiswa nemuparidzi Witvogel, muguta reAmsterdam mugore ra1732, uye mugore ra1733 muLondon, zvichiita chikamu. yezvinonzi Suites de Pièces pour le harpsichord.
Kuve uyo Witvogel ane mukurumbira nekutora mukana weBach semugovera wemabasa emunyori anozivikanwa uye munyori wenziyo, German-Dutch Conrad Friedrich Hurlebusch, maererano neruzivo rwakawanikwa mumakore 1735-1736 kubva kuCompositioni musicali per il Cembalo. de Hurlebusch, iyo inogona kuwanikwa kubva ku "Kapellmeister Bach yeSt. Thomas School muLeipzig".
Saka Bach aifanira kunge akaziva kuti chaconne yaHaendel yaive yei, kungave kuburikidza neAmsterdam edition ya1732, kana kuburikidza neLondon edition ya1733, nekuti Bach akazoita gadziriro dzake dzekusiyanisa mugore ra1741.
Bach anofanira kunge akangwarira chirevo chakareruka chezvikamu zviviri chaitsigira Handel's climactic chaconne variation. Pamusoro pezvaakaona kubva kuostinato pateni inoumbwa nezvinyorwa zvisere, izvo zvakashandiswa naHaendel sedingindira guru raizokurudzira Bach, iyo yakaoma yakabatana simba inotaurwa munhoroondo yake inoziviswa kwavari pazasi:
Aingoda chete kunge anzwa dingindira rekuziva - zvirokwazvo panguva iyoyo chaiyo - yechero kuomarara kwaigona kuburitswa nehunyanzvi kubva mukurapwa kwayo.
Mukubvunza kwaBach, akawana mukana mukuru wakakodzera maererano nemanotsi masere, ayo akazoita akatevedzana eGumi neMana Canons BWV 1807, akazoiswa mugwaro rake reClavier Übung IV.
Nekusimudzira kutenderera kwekusiyana kweBach, akatsunga kusagadzirisa kusvika pakunyanyisa kwemanotsi masere, kana ruzivo rwekumanikidza rwebasa rakanyatso hunyanzvi. Nenzira iyi, akagadzira ostinato bass, nenzira inomiririra zvakanaka, achiita kuti iwedzere kana kuti iwedzere, kuitira kuti agone kupa kusimbisa mukuwirirana kwerwiyo, iyo yaifadza uye ichivhiringidza nekuchenjera kutarisa kwebhesi, iyo inoshandura. chimiro chechokwadi chinoumba kutenderera kwekusiyana.
Basa remumhanzi rinotsanangurwa nevamwe vanyori sepassacaglia, zvinoreva mimhanzi yekwakabva kuSpanish, nepo vamwe vachiiona sechaconne, zvisinei, inogona kusiyaniswa mune zvinotevera: dingindira rechaconne rinowanzowedzera mumabhawa mana chete, nepo aria inowedzera kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvakarongwa mumabhawa, chimwe nechimwe chine dzokororo.
Bach, achiita semunyori wepassacaglias, anonyudzwa mumuitiro mukuru uye wakawanda une Sweelinck, Scheidt, Froberger naPurcell, pre-Bach nevamwe vake Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer, pamwe chete nababamunini vake Johann Christoph Bach. ; mamwe acho akatoshandisa misiyano pamabass, akafanana chaizvo neaBach pachake mukuumbwa kwake.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti Bach inosimudza misiyano kusvika padanho rakanyanyisa, kuti mabasa anotevera chete ndiwo anokodzera kuenzaniswa, senge Beethoven's Diabelli Variations.
Kusiyana kwebasa raBach
Kusiyana kweGoldberg, zvakanaka kutaura, kuti Bach haana kuzvipira pakugadzira huwandu hwemabasa muchimiro chearia nekusiyana-siyana, uyezve, inogona kungorondedzerwa seimwe yacho, Aria variata alla maniera Italiana BWV. 989, iyo yaakaita hurongwa hwake kuWeimar mugore ra1709.
Ichokwadi ndechokuti Goldberg Variations haifaniri kuumbwa nebasa iri, sezvinogona kuonekwa mukusiyana kwemimhanzi, kuva mabasa maviri ekuzivikanwa kukuru, akadai sePassacaglia yenhengo BWV 582, pamwe chete neChaconne muD. iyo solo violin mutambo wakanyorwa nenhamba 2 BWV 1004.
Zvinogoneka kuti Bach aive nekunetsekana achipokana nemhando yemimhanzi yemhando dzakasiyana, sezvo vazhinji vakatangira vane mukurumbira uye vakatumidzwa vakararama panguva iyoyo vakazivisa mienzaniso mikuru yaive yavapa ndangariro huru.
Bach aive munhu aive asina kumbobvira afarira kuwana kukunda kuri nyore, uko kwakaiswa sechinangwa chekuyedza kukwidziridza rudzi rwacho nehunhu hwekutaurirana hwezvakasiyana pahunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye panguva imwechete pamwero wemweya waisazivikanwa pa. nguva..
Chimiro chemukati chebasa
Roswitha Borsche anosimbisa kuti basa racho rakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nemisimboti ye baroque art. Inogona kuonekwa mumutsauko wegumi nenhanhatu, wakaumbwa nenzira yechiFrench symphony, zvichida nekuda kwekusuma kwayo kushoma, inova yechikamu chayo chekutanga chekubhururuka kuri kuuya, kwete zvakanyanya, kusvika kuhafu inotevera yedingindira mu. bass, iyo inofungisisa kutsanangurwa kwezvinhu zviviri zvebasa racho.
Mushure mekuratidza aria, pakutanga kwechidimbu chemimhanzi, misiyano makumi matatu inogadzirwa. Muzvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvezvikamu makumi matatu, murairo unoratidzwa uchitevera muenzaniso wepamusoro. Saka, mumusiyano wechitatu pane chirevo kune chord, yechitanhatu inoreva kubva kune mumwe murairo kuenda kune wechipiri, iyo inotanga panguva yepakati pechipiri pamusoro pekupinda kwekutanga; nepo mutsauko wechipfumbamwe uri chirevo chechitatu, uye nenzira iyi tinosvika pakusiyana 27, iyo inoreva chirevo chepfumbamwe.
Mukusiyana kwekupedzisira, pachinzvimbo chechirevo sezvingatarisirwa, zvinoreva quodlibet, iyo inoshandura chimiro chemimhanzi chinobatanidza nziyo mukupikisa, kazhinji madingindira akakurumbira.
Saizvozvowo, inogona kuvonekwa, mumisiyano 10, Fughetta uye 22, nzira yekuimba, Alla, ipfupi iyo yakaiswa munzvimbo dzakakura dzakasarudzika muchimiro chesymmetrical, asi, nechinhambwe chemisiyano mitanhatu, maererano nekusiyana 16 pakati, iyo inoumba axis, iyo Overture, iyo inoreva kuvhura, ndiko kusuma kwechiridzwa chebasa rinoshamisa, remimhanzi kana kwete, iro rinonongedza kune yakavanzika yakakura-mwero ternary chimiro chezvikamu.
Saizvozvo, zvinocherechedzwa kuti harpsichordist Ralph Kirkpatrick anosimbisa iyo Goldberg Variations, pakati pemirairo yakaenzana yakanangana nemuenzaniso.
Muchiitiko chekuti zvinhu zvikuru zvinodziviswa zvose pakutanga uye pakupedzisira, chaizvoizvo mu aria, misiyano miviri yekutanga, kuva: quodlibet uye aria da capo, zvinhu zvakasara zvinorongwa sezvinotevera: akaiswa achiteverwa mushure mechirevo chega chega, kune zvidimbu zvemhando dzemhando dzakasiyana, pakati pemadhanzi matatu e-baroque anogona kusimbiswa, (4,7 uye 9); fugheta (10); a French overture (16), uye maviri akashongedzwa arias anoiswa muruoko rwerudyi (13 ne25).
Mamwe anoonekwa panzvimbo yechipiri, mushure mechirevo chega chega (5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26 uye 29) ndeavo vachireva Kirkpatrick, anonzi "arabesques" kureva: misiyano munzvimbo yekugara ine Zvakakwana. kuyambuka maoko. Iyi ternary modhi: canon, gender dance uye "arabesque", inoshandiswa kakapetwa kapfumbamwe mumutsara, kusvika quodlibet yatsemura denderedzwa.
Kana misiyano makumi matatu yapera, Bach anoramba achiti Aria da Capo è fine, izvo zvinoturikira kuti muturikiri anofanira kutanga nemavambo (da Capo) otanga nekududzira aria asati apera.
Wolff anochengetedza pfungwa yekuti Bach inopindirana necanonical mafambiro nenzira yakarongeka, asi nenzira yakachengetedzeka, kuitira kuti aonekwe nhanho yekuona kweanodudzira, nepo uyo anoteerera kune canonical counterpoint, uye isiri-. Canonical counterpoint, dhizaini dhizaini yedhizaini yayo yakanaka uye kukwezva kwechisikigo hakufanirwe kupatsanurwa.
Saka kubva pakuona kwakasanganiswa kwaKirkpatrick, Wolff naDahler misiyano inogona kutorwa seizvi:
- Madhanzi emhando: Kusiyana 1 (baroque dance: courante). Arabesques: Variation 2. Canons: Variations 3 (unison canon)
- Madhanzi emhando: Kusiyana 4 (baroque dance: passepied). Arabesques: Kusiyana 5 (arabesque). Canons: Kusiyana 6 (canon kusvika yechipiri)
- Madhanzi emhando: Kusiyana 7 (kutamba kwebaroque: jig kana Sicilian). Arabesques: Kusiyana 8 (arabesque). Canons: Kusiyana 9 (canon kusvika kune yechina)
- Genre Dances: Kusiyana 10 (fugheta). Arabesques: Kusiyana 11 (arabesque). Canons: Kusiyana 12 (canon kusvika kune yechina)
- Madhanzi emhando: Kusiyana 13 (aria yeruoko rwerudyi). Arabesques: Kusiyana 14 (arabesque). Canons: Kusiyana 15, (canon kusvika kune yechishanu)
- Genre Dances: Variation 16 (French Overture). Arabesques: Kusiyana 17 (arabesque). Canons: Kusiyana 18 (canon kusvika kune yechitanhatu)
- Genre dances: Variation 19. Arabesques: Variation 20 (arabesque). Canons: Kusiyana 21 (canon kusvika kune yechinomwe)
- Genre Dances: Kusiyana 22. Arabesques: Kusiyana 23 (arabesque). Canons: Kusiyana 24 (canon kusvika kune yechisere)
- Genre Dances: Kusiyana 25. (aria yeruoko rwerudyi). Arabesques: Kusiyana 26 (arabesque). Canons: Kusiyana 27 (canon kusvika kune yepfumbamwe)
- Genre dances: Variation 28. Arabesques: Variation 29 (arabesque). Canons: Kusiyana makumi matatu (quodlibet)
Bach Goldberg Kusiyana
Ichi chikamu chechinyorwa chinozonyatso kutsanangura iyo aria uye iyo Goldberg Kusiyana, maererano nemafungiro akasimudzwa nevatambi vakasiyana uye vanyori. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti zvakawanwa kubva mumanyuko akasiana-siana uye kuti zvinogarawo pamwe chete mushanduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuti kududzira kwadzo kunofanira kuitwa sei, zvisinei, kwakanaka kuita kuti zvizivikanwe kuti hadzisati dziri dzose dzinooneka mundima dzinotevera.
Basa renziyo rakarongedzerwa kune harpsichord ine kiibhodhi kana mabhuku maviri ezvinyorwa. Misiyano inotevera inogona kuonekwa muchibodzwa: 8, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27 ne28, iyo inofanira kududzirwa nemabhuku maviri ezvinyorwa, nepo kusiyana: 5, 7 uye 29, inogona kuitwa nekhibhodi imwe chete kana maviri.
Zvisinei, nekuoma kukuru, basa remimhanzi rinogona kuitwa, zvakare kuburikidza ne harpsichord-manual kana, kukundikana, nepiyano. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvachose misiyano yese inoratidzwa mumumvuri weG guru, kunze kwekusiyana: 15, 21 uye 25, iyo yakanyorwa mutoni yeG minor.
The Goldberg Variations yakarongwa muzvikamu zviviri, zvinoreva, seti A, inoteverwa neseti B, zvichiwanzoita pakufunga kwemuturikiri, kana achinge azviburitsa kana kuti kwete, chimwe chezviviri, kana zvakare. haigone kuzviita neimwe yeeseti.
Muimbi wepiyano wekuHungary András Schiff anotsanangura kuti Bach anoratidza mutambi kuti anofanirwa kuburitsa rimwe nerimwe boka kana chikamu, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yekuti kusatevedzera izvi kuchaparadza kuenzanirana kwakanaka kwebasa remumhanzi pamwe nekukura kwaro: “mumhanzi mukuru haumborebeki, chiri chipfupi kushivirira kwevamwe vateereri"
Mazhinji eGoldberg Variations anoumbwa nemabhawa makumi matatu nemaviri, ayo anozopatsanurwa kuita maviri gumi nematanhatu-mabhawa anofanirwa kuridzwa kamwe chete. Zvisinei, misiyano inotevera haina kubatanidzwa: 3, 9, 21 uye 30, nokuti ine zvikamu zviviri zvemabhawa masere, chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuridzwa kamwe chete; pamwe chete neshanduko 16 inoumbwa nechikamu chekutanga chemambariro gumi nematanhatu, uye chimwe chikamu chechipiri chine 32 mbariro, iyo imwe neimwe inofanira kudhindwa muzvikamu zviviri.
Iro zita rakapihwa kune yega yega misiyano, iyo inoratidzwa mukuenderera mberi, yakafanana neiyo inoshandiswa muzvinyorwa zveBach-Gesellschaft, iyo inoreva nzanga yakagadzirwa muna 1850, iyo kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, inounganidza, inogadzirisa uye inoburitsa zvese. mabasa akakurumbira aBach.
Sosaiti yeBach-Gesellschaft, kuti izadzise chinangwa chayo, yakanga iri mubasa rakaoma rokuunganidza nokupedza, kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu, kuita kuti kuunganidzwa kwokutanga kwakanga kwapera kubvire. Pakati pavo, ivo vakasiiwa sezvavari, vachiremekedza zviratidzo zvepumikira, zviri mukati mabhii epamusoro uye madiki, pamwe chete nepfupiso yeBach-Gesellschaft, kunze kwemamwe anowanikwa mune akakosha manyoro, ayo akave. zvakatorwa kubva mushanduro yakadhindwa, naBach pachake, iyo inoratidzirwa mumabhuraketi akaenzana.
Aria
Kana tichitaura nezve izwi rekuti Aria, zvinoreva chidimbu chemumhanzi, icho chinopa thematic chinhu cheiyo Goldberg misiyano. Sezvinoita nemumiriri webaroque "aria ine kusiyana". Misiyano yacho inoenderana nerwiyo rwekuvhura aria, zvisinei, mune iyi kesi ndiyo mutsara mubass, chete kuwirirana kwainobuda, iyo inoshanda sechinhu chikuru chekusiyana.
The aria yeGoldberg Variations is sarabande mu ¾ nguva, iyo inoumbwa nemapoka maviri kana zvikamu zvezviyero gumi nematanhatu chimwe nechimwe, uye inowanzovapo panguva yebasa, kunze kwekusiyana: 3, 9, 21 uye 30, apo nhamba yezvirongwa zviri nepakati. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti aria, pamwe chete nekusiyana kweseti imwe neimwe kana chikamu, inofanira kuridzwa kamwe chete.
The Goldberg Variations: 2, 4, 6, 16, uye 25, inoisa magumo akasiyana emutambo wekutanga newechipiri wechikamu chimwe nechimwe. The aria rwiyo rwakashongedzwa zvakanyanya. Iyo aria mumutauro wechiFrench yakajairika kuti itaridzike yakashongedzwa zvakanaka kuratidza rwiyo. Kune vamwe vaturikiri vanosarudza kusaratidza zvishongo zvacho zvishoma kana zvachose, saka pamwe shanduro inonyanya kushamisa ndiyo inoenderana naWilhelm Kempff, papiyano.
Zvisinei, Peter Williams, nyanzvi yemimhanzi yakakurumbira, anosimbisa kuti chokwadi ndechokuti dingindira rekusiyana-siyana harisi kubva kune aria, pane zvinopesana, rinobva mumusoro wekusiyana kwekutanga. Maonero aya anosimbisa nekuchengetedza kuti basa rinoreva chaconne, pane basa rinoenderera mberi nechimiro chechokwadi chearia chine misiyano.
Zvadaro, aria inoratidzwa se sarabande, iyo inodzokororwa nenzira chaiyo, kune zvakanyorwa mubhuku rechipiri raAnna Magdalena, ari mudzimai wechipiri waBach uyo akatungamirira kuunganidza nharo mugore ra 1725. Nemhaka yekufanana kweiyo Anna Magdalena. Mashoko aAnna Magdalena panguva iyoyo, anofungidzirwa kuti akanyora aria yegore ra1740.
Iwe unogona kuona iyo yekutanga toni yeG huru, pakupera kwekutanga seti kana chikamu cheyakajairika dingindira mune rhythm inogadzirisa iyo inotonga D, uyezve, kuburikidza ne toni yeE minor, iyo yakatarisana mudiki yeG guru, basa. inodzokera pakupera kwedingindira kune tonic.
Tevere, tichange tichitaura nezve akasiyana akasiyana anomaka aria, anoti:
Kusiyana 1 kusvika ku1 Clav. Kusiyana 1: Maminiti 9:25
Iyi 1 kusvika 1 Clav variatio yakanaka, yakagadzika musiyano inoridzwa mu ¾ nguva iyo inoburitsa yakapfava, inorota toni yearia. Rhythm inomira kunze nekufamba pakati pembariro 1 ne7, nekuisa ruoko rwerudyi kune accent pane yechipiri beat.
Nzvimbo yemaoko inopindirana muchiyero 13, panguva yekunyora yakakwirira kusvika pasi, kudzorera syncopation mune mamwe matanho maviri. Zvinoenderana nemaonero akataurwa naDahler, musiyano unogona kutariswa sekutamba kwakafanana nekourante, zvinoreva baroque kutamba kufamba munguva katatu.
Pakati pezviyero zviviri zvekutanga zvechikamu chechipiri, mutinhimira unogadzira icho chechikamu chekutanga, zvisinei, pakarepo mushure mezvo imwe pfungwa inoiswa. Nyanzvi nyanzvi dzemumhanzi Williams naDahler vanoramba vachiti iyi pfungwa inopa mutsauko wepolonaise halo, fomu remumhanzi rine mwero wekufora kufamba uye ternary rhythm.
Rhythm yake yakabuda kubva mukushandisa ruoko rweruboshwe, sekushandiswa kwakaitwa Bach muPartita yake kuridza violin nhamba 3 yezvimedu zvake uye mafomula ake emumhanzi aishandiswa kuridza violin ari ega BWV 1001-1006, uye mune inonyorwa muinoti huru yechinyorwa chekutanga. kubva kuThe well-moderated harpsichord.
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda muunyanzvi hwemumhanzi, zvinochengetedza kuti dingindira richireva mutsara webass wemutsauko uyu mune zviri mukati mawo unobva pane mamwe misiyano, uye kwete chaizvo pane iyo aria.
Kusiyana 2 kusvika ku1 Clav. Kusiyana 2. Maminitsi 10:35
Muchikamu chakareruka chemhanzi, chakatakurwa muzvikamu zviviri mu2/4 nguva. Mitsara miviri inopindirana mukuita kwechigarire chemafuriro avo mumukati menziyo inoenderera iripo mubass. Icho chidimbu chakafanana nekanoni. Mune chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvinoratidza kuguma kwakasiyana kwekutanga uye kwechipiri kubereka.
Variatio 3. Canone all'Unisono. A 1 Clav. Kusiyana 3. Canon pamwe chete: Minute 11:25
Inoreva yekutanga yeGoldberg Variations, mune yakazara kanoni fomu, kana hunyanzvi kufamba, mune iyi chaiyo nyaya kanoni: rwiyo rwekutsungirira runotanga chaizvo painoti imwe chete neyakapfuura. Sezviri mune mamwe ese macanoni eGoldberg Variations, kunze kwekusiyana kwe27, Canone alla nona, iyo bass mutsara unotsigira mukusiyana kwese.
Tsanangudzo ye1/8 nguva uye kushandiswa kwe tresillo, iyo inoreva boka rakakosha rekukoshera rakaumbwa nenhamba nhatu dzakaenzana, inonongedza kune imwe mhando yekutamba yakaderedzwa. Nhamba huru yevatambi vanowanzoitamba nenguva iri pakati nepakati, zvisinei, vamwe vanosarudza kuiridza zvakapfava, sezvinoita murwi wechiGerman Hans Pischner kana Charles Rosen papiyano.
Kusiyana 4 kusvika ku1 Clav. Kusiyana 4: Maminiti 12:55
Sezvineiwo zvakapfuura, iko kufamba kune baroque yekutamba dhizaini, iri mutsauko wakatorwa muna 3/8 nguva apo rhythms mumanotsi echisere anotungamira. Zvakakosha kucherechedza, mune izvi, kuti Bach anoshandisa emulation yakafanana, zvisinei, hazvina kurongeka: mhando yemumhanzi yechimwe chikamu inobuda zvakare mubhawa mune chimwe chikamu, dzimwe nguva ichishandurwa.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti imwe neimwe seti kana chikamu chinowanzoguma nenzira yakasiyana mukubereka kwechipiri. Kuve nyaya yemuimbi Kate Van Tricht, anodudzira iyi mutsauko nekumhanya kunononoka.
Variatio 5 kusvika 1 ovvero 2 Clav. Kusiyana 5. Maminitsi 13:45
Iyi ndiyo yekutanga yeGoldberg Variations, muzvikamu zviviri, inoitwa nemaoko akabatanidzwa. Inoratidzwa mu ¾ nguva. Mutsara unokurumidza kurira unoratidzwa zvakanyanya mumanotsi egumi nematanhatu, iri padivi peimwe mutinhimira, ine nguva yakareba yenoti, inotungamira mukusvetuka kukuru.
Mhando iyi yeGoldberg Variations inoshandiswa, mu "Italian style" inonyanyozivikanwa yekufamba neruoko: ruoko rumwe runofamba rusingaperi kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, pakati pepamusoro uye pasi ruzha, ruchipfuura rumwe kune rumwe rutivi, ruchiri pakati. yekiibhodhi ichiridza dzungu zvakanyanya.
Vatambi vazhinji vanotamba mutsauko uyu nekumhanya kwakanyanyisa, izvo zvinofanirwa kumisa kurongeka kukuru. Chokwadi mavhezheni aGlenn Gould, kana ari piyano, ari pakati peanokurumidza, anogara masekonzi makumi matatu neshanu pasina yekutamba. Asi, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti vamwe vaturikiri, vari veboka rakadai saKenneth Gilbert pa harpsichord, vanozviita nenzira yakasununguka uye yakasununguka.
Variatio 6. Canone alla Seconda a 1 Clav. Kusiyana 6. Canon kusvika paminiti yechipiri 14:20
Iyi ndiyo yechitanhatu yeGoldberg misiyano, iri kanoni kune yechipiri: iyo isingashanduke inotanga nekuzorora kukuru kwechipiri, ine gomo rakakwirira kupfuura iro rakarongwa. Icho chidimbu chakavakirwa pachiyero chakasvibiswa mu3/8 nguva.
Ichi chidimbu chinotsanangurwa naKirkpatrick achipomerwa mhosva ye "hunyoro hunenge hunyoro". Inogona kuonekwa mune imwe neimwe yezvikamu, ine kuguma kwakasiyana kune imwe neimwe yezvinyorwa zvayo zviviri.
Variatio 7 kusvika 1 ovvero 2 Clav. Panguva yeGiga. Kusiyana 7. Maminitsi 15:00
Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana pakubereka kwake kweGoldberg Variations, Bach, inonyora kuti kutamba uku kunoitwa mu6 / 8 nguva, uye yakakurudzirwa kuti iitwe mudi Giga nguva, ichijekesa kuti jig inonzwisisa uye ine simba guru.
Nekuda kwekuti kudhindwa kwaBach hakuna kuiswa mumubatanidzwa wechiFrench wega wega kusvika 1974, shanduro dzisati dzaitwa mutsauko uyu dzakaitwa, nenzira yekuzorora, kazhinji seruzha kana Sicilian.
Nekudaro, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kune dudziro mushure me1974, kuve kurekodha kwaGlenn Gould, Wilhelm Kempff naAngela Hewitt, pakati pevamwe vazhinji vanoramba vachiita zvishoma nezvishoma, pamwe nekuti zvakaoma kufuratira nzira yakajairika yekududzira. , kuti kweanopfuura mazana maviri amakore, kana kuti senyanzvi uye muturikiri, David Schulenberg anosanozivikanwa, akataura, pamusoro pokuwarurwa kwebhuku raBach, “izvo zvakashamisa vatsoropodzi vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, avo vakaratidzira kuti jig vaiita nokukurumidza uye nokukurumidza. ephemeral.
Pamusoro pezvavanotaura, kuti, "pasinei neshoko rechiItaly rokuti "giga" rinoreva "French giga", iyo inowanzova yakasununguka, saka, Schulenberg inosimbisa kuti chimiro cheiyo rhythm iripo mukusiyana uku kwakafanana neiyo yejig. chechipiri chezvinyorwa zveFrench, kana jig yeOverture mumutauro wayo wechiFrench, BWV 831, ichiratidza mumutsara webhasi uye rwiyo rwakanyatsoshongedzwa.
Kupedzisa, Schulenberg anoramba achiti "hazvina kufanira kuenda nekukurumidza" uye anowedzera kuti "akawanda mapfupi matrill uye appoggiaturas anodzivirira kuenda zvakanyanya mu tempo". Saizvozvowo, mutambi wepiyano Angela Hewitt, anotaura kuti Bach akanga achiedza kunyevera pamusoro pekubvumirana pamusoro pekukurumidza kunonoka, kuitira kushandura kutamba kuva forlane kana Sicilian fomu, iyo inobvumirana naSchulenberg, uyo anotaura nezve "giga yeFrench", asi. kwete kune "giga yeItaly", iyo yaakadudzira semhedzisiro yekumhanyisa zvishoma.
Variatio 8 kusvika 2 Clav. Miniti 16:20
Mune idzi Goldberg Variations, anoonekwa zvakare muzvikamu zviviri nemaoko akabatanidzwa, mu 3/8 nguva. NechiFrench chimiro, chinoshandiswa mumukana uyu kuyambuka maoko: zvikamu zviviri zvinotamba munzvimbo imwechete pane keyboard, imwe iri pamusoro peimwe. Hazviwanzo kunetsa kuita pane maviri-manual harpsichord, zvisinei, zvakanyanya kuoma kuridza chiridzwa chepiyano.
Mazhinji ezviyero anoratidza maitiro akasarudzika akaumbwa negumi nerimwe gumi nenhanhatu manotsi, uye yegumi nenhanhatu kumbomira kutenderedza, kana gumi gumi nematanhatu manotsi uye yechisere chinyorwa. Zvinogona kuoneka zviri nyore kuti kune kusvetuka kukuru murwiyo, sezvazvakaita mumabhawa 9 kusvika 11: kusvetuka kwemaoctave maviri, anoyemurwa kubva pazasi B, pakati C, mubhawa 9, pamwe nepakati C kusvika. imwe yechisere, iyo yakakwira mubar 10.
Inogonawo kuonekwa kubva paG pamusoro pepakati peC, kusvika kuG octave yakakwirira muchiyero 11. Zvikamu zviviri zvinopera nekuderera kwezvikamu mumanotsi eXNUMX, zvinoreva rwiyo rwemhanzi nehurefu hwakaenzana nehafu yegumi nematanhatu.
Variatio 9. Canone alla Terza a 1 Clav. Canon kusvika kune yechitatu: Maminiti 17:15
Kusiyana uku kunoreva kanoni kune yechitatu mu4/4 nguva. Iyo bass line ine simba zvakanyanya kupfuura yapfuura canon. Musiyano mupfupi, mabhawa gumi nematanhatu chete mumukati, anowanzo kuridzwa nekumhanya-mhanya.
Variatio 10. Fughetta kuna 1 Clav. Miniti 18:15
Ndiko mutsauko wechigumi, uri diki fugue yemanzwi mana, inotaridzwa alla breve, ine dingindira rinoratidzwa mumabhawa mana, rakashongedzwa uye neimwe nzira rinomutsa rwiyo rweari pakutanga. Vatambi vakawanda vanorasa zvimwe zvakashongedzwa, sezvakaita Charles Rosen papiyano; uye Christiane Jaccottet ari pa harpsichord. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe, vakadai saKeith Jarrett pa harpsichord, vanowedzera mamwe embellishments.
Ratidza kuzara kwechikamu chekutanga chemusiyano uyu; dingindira rinotaridzwa mumabhesi, richitangira paG pamusoro pepakati C. Nepo, mhinduro iri muizwi retenora inopinda muchiyero 5, asi, imhinduro kune kukwirira, ndosaka dzimwe shanduko inzwi rakakanganiswa.
Zvadaro, izwi re soprano rakapinda muyero 9 rinopindira, kunyange richisiya zviyero zviviri zvekutanga zvemusoro wekuzviisa pasi zvakakwana, asi chimwe chikamu chinoshandura shanduko. Iyo yekupedzisira yekupinza inogadzirwa kana pamusoro pebar 13 panoonekwa.
Zvichakadaro, chikamu chechipiri chinopetunura chichishandisa chinhu chimwe chete chemusoro une imwe shanduko. Zvinoita sokunge zvaipikisa: manzwi anopinda mumwe pashure pemumwe, ose anotanga nokuratidza musoro wacho, mune zvimwe zviitiko, anocherechedzwa achichinjwa, sezvakaita muchikamu chokutanga.
Chikamu chinotanga nemusoro wenyaya, kufumura izwi resoprano, pamwe nemutsara unoshanda mubass, zvinoreva kuti mutsara uri mubass ndiwo wega usingapindi nechidzidzo kusvika wasvika chiyero 25.
Variatio 11 kusvika 2 Clav. Miniti 19:15
Inoreva imwe yeGoldberg Variations, mune toccata maitiro, zvinoreva chidimbu chemumhanzi weRenaissance uye mimhanzi yeBaroque yezviridzwa zvekhibhodi, ine virtuoso fomu muna 12/16 nguva. Inogona kugadzirwa kunyanya maviri keyboards. Inogadzirwa chete nendima dzezvikero, arpeggios uye trills. Dzimwe shanduko dzekunyoresa dzinoomesa zvakanyanya shanduko yavo papiyano.
Variatio 12. Canone alla Quarta. Miniti 20:10
Inoreva kanoni mukushandurwa kusvika kune yechina mu 3/4 nguva: mhinduro inopinda kechipiri, kunyange iri mukupesana nechikumbiro. Pakati pechikamu chekutanga, nzvimbo yeruoko rweruboshwe iri pedyo nemutsara webhasi unoratidzwa mune zvinyorwa zvekota zvakadhindwa, muzviyero: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 uye 7.
Zvadaro tine kuti zvinyorwa zvakadhindwa izvi zvinoratidzwa zvakafanana muchiyero chekutanga chechikamu chechipiri, chiri chiyero 17, mbiri D uye imwe C; uye neimwe nzira inoshandurwa, mumabhawa 22 ne23. Nepo muchikamu chechipiri, Bach, ini ndinoshandura kiyi zvakanaka nekuunza mamwe matsigiro, senge mbariro 19 ne20, uye katatu, mbariro 29 uye 30.
Mukusiyana uku kududzira kwakaremerwa nenguva kunogona kuitika. Pane dzimwe nguva, vamwe vaimbi, vakadai saGlenn Gould papiyano, kana Jean Guillou paogani, vakakwanisa kugadzira vertiginous shanduro.
Variatio 13 kusvika 2 Clav. Miniti 21:45
Iyo inononoka, yakapusa uye yakanyanyisa yakashongedzwa sarabande musiyano, unoitika mu ¾ nguva. Chikamu chikuru cherwiyo chinowanikwa mumanotsi emimhanzi, yakashongedzwa nemamwe maappoggiaturas, ayo anocherechedzwa muchikamu chechipiri, nepo mamwe embellishments.
Mukati mehurefu hwechidimbu, mutinhimira wakanyoreswa nezwi rimwechete, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti mumabhawa 16 ne24, mune fabulous mhedzisiro inogadzirwa nekushandiswa kwezwi rakawedzerwa.
Variatio 14 kusvika 2 Clav. Miniti 24:25
Musiyano uyu unoratidza inesimba toccata, inoumbwa muzvikamu zviviri nemaoko akabatana mu ¾ nguva, iyo ine akawanda matrill uye mamwe embellishments. Inogona kuridzwa chete ne harpsichord ine zvinyorwa zviviri, uye ine akawanda akareba kusvetuka pakati pezvinyorwa.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvishongo uye kusvetuka zvinoratidzwa kubva pabhari yekutanga: chidimbu chinotanga nekushanduka kubva kuG, maviri octaves pasi pepakati C, neinodzika modent (kushongedza kwemimhanzi), yakabatanidzwa kune G maviri octaves inokwira. trill inodzokera kumavambo.
Kamwe kana ichienzaniswa nekusiyana 15, Glenn Gould anoitsanangura se "chokwadi chimwe chezvimedu zvinokurumidza zveNeo-Scarlatism zvinofungidzirwa."
Variatio 15. Canone a la Quinta mumoto contrario A 1 Clav. Kufamba. Miniti 25:30
Mune iyi iri imwe yeGoldberg Variations, inowanikwa mumutsara wechishanu, mu 2/4 nguva inoratidzwa. Mukusiyana 12, inopesana, nekuvhiyiwa kwakarongwa kwakashandurwa muchiyero chechipiri. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga yezvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanikwa muG minor, uye chido chayo chiri kunze kwekubatana nesimba uye mufaro wezvakasiyana zvekare.
Maererano necherechedzo dzomuridzi wepiyano Angela Hewitt, kunocherekedzwa kuti kune “pesvedzero inoshamisa pakupera kweichi musiyano: maoko anofamba kubva kune mumwe kune mumwe, noruoko rworudyi rwakasimudzwa mumhepo, pashure pechishanu chakazaruka. Iko kupera kunopindirana, kuti vateereri vanoshamisika, mune tarisiro yekuramba vachiteerera, ndiwo magumo akanaka epakati peiyi mimhanzi ”.
Nepo Glenn Gould akataura nezvouyu musiyano: “Ndiwo musiyano wakaoma zvikurusa uye une ndaza yamanyoro matsvene yakaisvonaka, yakasimba zvikurusa uye yakaisvonaka zvikurusa yandinoziva, kanoni iri mukushandurirwa kuquinine. Icho chidimbu chine shungu, uye chinoshungurudza, uye chinosimudzira panguva imwe chete, icho chisingawanikwe mune chero chikamu kunze kwenzvimbo muPassion, maererano naMateu Musande, zvirokwazvo, agara achifunga nezve musiyano 15 sechishamiso. chiitiko cheGood Friday, chakanakisa"
Variatio 16. Overture kuna 1 Clav. Miniti 30:30
Muchikamu chino, pane zvakatevedzana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuve zvinokodzera izvo zvakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu zviviri, izvo zvakaenzana mune yekutanga gumi neshanu uye mune inotevera gumi neshanu. Kupatsanurwa kwacho kunomisikidzwa nekupfuura kukuru, kunoonekwa sehukuru, kunowanikwa mune edition yaPeters, nekutanga kwekutanga neakanyanya kudzika chords pakutanga uye yekupedzisira.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iyi inowanzoitika overture ndeyeFrench overture, iyo yakavakirwa pane inononoka chord ine rhythm ine dotted, iyo inoshamisa inotarisana nepikisi yechikamu chinotevera chinoratidzwa se allegretto.
Saka, kusiyana nemisiyano yapfuura yakataurwa muchikamu B, inofananidzwa nechikamu A, kushorwa kunonyanya kuoneka mukusiyana uku, nekusiyana kunoshamisa pakati pekuzorora, uye rwiyo rukuru, uye zvakanyanya kusimba uye kungwara. inoratidza zvakajeka, kureva zvakawanda kana zvishoma pakati pekusiyana, mushure mechiyero 16.
Variatio 17 kusvika 2 Clav. Miniti 32:10
Pakati peGoldberg Variations, ndeimwe yevirtuosa toccata, iyo yakakamurwa kuita maviri. Williams anonzwa maungira aAntonio Vivaldi naDomenico Scarlatti mune iyi mutsauko. Yakakosha kushandiswa nemabhuku maviri, chidimbu chemimhanzi chinoda interlacing maoko. Inenge ¾ nguva, uye inowanzoridzwa nekumhanya zvinyoro nyoro. Rosalyn Tureck, piano wekuAmerica uye harpsichordist, ari pakati pevatambi vashoma vakarekodha vhezheni inononoka yekusiyana uku.
Achiri kushanda pakurekodha kwake kutsva kwa1981 kweGoldberg Variations, Glenn Gould akafarira kutamba iyi mutsauko nekumhanya kwakapfava, achichengeta kumhanya kweiyo yapfuura musiyano, i.e. 16, zvisinei, pakupedzisira akafunga kusazviita. , ndechimwe chechiedza, chinozivikanwa sechisina maturo, kuunganidzwa kwezvikero uye chords zvakagamuchirwa naBach paakanga asina kutsaurirwa kuplasmas dzakanaka uye dzakakwana zvinhu zvakadai semafugues uye canons, uye kurongeka kwakarongeka, nemaune, Germanic ".
Variation 18 Canone alla Sesta a 1 Clav. Miniti 33:05
Iyi iri imwe yeGoldberg Variations, inoreva kanoni kune yechitanhatu mu2/2 nguva. Munguva yecanonical chiito chemazwi epamusoro, kukanganisa kunogadzirwa. Tichifunga nezvekuti maumbirwo emakanoni eGoldberg Variations, Glenn Gould anounza musiyano uyu, semuenzaniso wakasimba we "huviri hwemaune hwekusimbisa kudzokorora, mitsara yecanonical inodiwa kutsigira basa repassacaglia, inova kusiiwa kusingafungidzirwe ne bass line".
Gould, akadudza achitsinhira nechidakadaka chikuru ichi chinyorwa muhurukuro yeredhiyo, nenyanzvi yenziyo uye mutsoropodzi Tim Page, achinongedzera, kuti: “Ndaza yamanyoro matsvene pachitanhatu, ndinoifarira, ibwe rakaisvonaka. Kunyangwe, ini ndinonamata ese canons, zvisinei, iyi ndeimwe yeandinofarira misiyano ”.
Variatio 19 kusvika 1 Clav. Miniti 34:05
Kureva izvi zvakagadzirirwa mukati meGoldberg Variations, yakafanana nekutamba, inowanikwa mumanzwi matatu mu3/8 nguva. Ndiyo imwechete yegumi nematanhatu chiratidzo chenoti, icho chinoshandiswa zvachose, kushandura uye kushandura pakati pemanzwi matatu ane chidimbu. Iyo cantus firmus, iyo inoreva rwiyo rwakagara rwuripo runoumba hwaro hwe polyphonic kuumbwa, inouya zvakare.
Iyi mhando yekusiyanisa ine yakatevedzana uye inverted counterpoint, zvese pakutanga uye muchikamu chechipiri.
Variatio 20 kusvika 2 Cla. Minute 35:10 (Imwe dudziro inopenga)
I virtuoso toccata, inoumbwa muzvidimbu zviviri mu ¾ nguva. Inoratidzirwa kiyi ine zvinyorwa zviviri, uye yakawanda yekubatanidza maoko inodiwa. Icho chidimbu chinokura mukusiyana nekugadzirwa kwakaunzwa mumabhawa masere ekutanga, apo zviri pachena kuti ruoko rumwe runotamba kuenderera kwechisere manotsi, nepo rumwe rwuri pedyo nemamwe gumi nematanhatu manotsi, mushure meimwe neimwe yechisere.
Nokudaro, mukududzira kwakawanda kune musiyano wakasimba pakati peGoldberg Variation 19 yakapfava uye yakatanhamara, uye ndima dzakasimba uye dzinokurumidza dziri mumutsauko uyu. Zvisinei, vatambi vakawanda, sezvazvakaita naClaudio Arrau papiyano, vanosarudza kuridza zvidimbu zvose panguva imwe chete, soberly virtuosic, iyo inobudisa kusiyana kushoma muzvidimbu.
Variatio 21. Canone alla Settima. Minute 36:00
Pakati peizvi Goldberg Variations, inomiririra yechipiri, ine kiyi yeG minor, pakusiyana 21 ndiyo canon inowanikwa mune yechinomwe mu4/4 nguva. Kenneth Gilbert anoikwanisa seAllemande, zvinoreva baroque yekutamba kweGerman. Mhedzisiro, iyo inotanga neinoti yakaderera, iyo varatidziri vanowanzo simbisa, inobva pakuderera kwechromatic kubva painoti yepamusoro, ichingonanga kune manzwi echokwadi kubva pachiyero chechitatu: muenzaniso wakafanana, nemusiyano uri kusimba zvishoma. inovhura pamutsetse webhesi pakutanga kwechikamu chechipiri, chinotanga neyakapesana yekuvhura motif.
Kana ichienzaniswa nekusiyana 15, iri yekutanga musiyano muG diki, chidimbu ichi chinomiririra kuve chakanyanya vertiginous, inoratidzwa ichifamba muPeters edition.
Variatio 22 Alla breve a 1 Clav. Miniti 38:15
Pakati peGoldberg Variations, inoratidzwa alla breve, inoratidza zvikamu zvina zvakatorwa neakasiyana-siyana anoteedzera mamiriro ari mumanzwi ese, kunze kweiyo bass, inova yakawanda yefugue. Mune ichi chishongo chega chinoperekedza iyo trill, iyo yakanyatsoitwa yakazara, iyo inowedzerwa muzvikamu zviviri: 11 uye 12; kuitira kuti vamwe vatambi vanoita Goldberg Variations vane zvinyorwa vawedzere mamwe madiki ekushongedza mukudzokorora kwechipiri kwechimwe nechimwe chezvikamu.
Dingindira rinowanikwa mumabhesi, apo seti yekusiyanisa inotsanangurwa, zvichida inonzwika zvakanyanya mukusiyana uku, sezvazviri muquodlibet, zvese nekuda kwekureruka kwemutsara webass unoshamisa mune iyi kesi.
Variatio 23 kusvika 2 Clav. Miniti 39:20
YeGoldberg Variations, iyi ndiyo imwe inonzwisisa, inoumbwa muzvidimbu zviviri zve harpsichord ine zvinyorwa zviviri, mu ¾ nguva. Inotanga nemaoko achidzingirirana, achiita seari pamutsara wenziyo, unotanga neruoko rworuboshwe nechisimba chekurwisa G pamwe nepakati C, ichiyerera kubva paD kumusoro kweA, tarira iyo inoshamisa ruoko rworudyi, simulating the ruoko rworuboshwe sokunge rwaiva paurefu hwakafanana, zvisinei, zvino nenoti yechisere, muzviyero zvitatu zvokutanga, runoguma nokushongedzwa kuduku pakupera kwechiyero chechina:
Rudzi urwu rwechirongwa runodzokororwa mumapuranga 4 kusvika ku8, chinhu chimwe chete ndechokuti neruoko rworuboshwe runofananidzwa kurudyi, uye nezviyero zvinokwira, panzvimbo yekuburuka. Maoko anotsiviwa mukuputika kudiki kunowanikwa mumanotsi, nechinguva chidiki kusvika asvika kune yekupedzisira kwetatu mbariro dzinoenderana nechikamu chekutanga.
Ipo muchikamu chechipiri, inotanga nekuchinja kwakafanana mukuputika kuduku zvakare, uye zvino inopinda muchidimbu chetatu chekubata, zvakatevedzana nemaoko maviri.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda panyaya iyi dzakataura zvadzinotaura panyaya iyi, semuenzaniso, mutambi wepiyano Angela Hewitt, anotaura kuti: “kuputika kwezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu nezvikamu zvitanhatu kunosundira nzira yekeyboard yaivepo munguva yake kusvika kumagumo, ichivhura nzira yeramangwana. keyboards composers'; nepo Peter Williams anozivikanwa, achifadzwa nekusimudzirwa kwechidimbu, anozvibvunza mubvunzo "Izvi zvingave zvechokwadi here kusiyanisa kwemusoro wakafanana uri kuseri kweadagio nhamba 25?"
Variatio 24. Canone all'Ottava a 1 Clav. Miniti 40:15
Iyi ndeimwe yekanon's Goldberg Variations kune octave muna 9/8 nguva. Chikumbiro chinopindurwa octave pazasi, pamwe neoctave pamusoro: kuve iyo yega mutsauko uripo mune chirevo, inochinja pakati pemitsetse iri pakati pechikamu. Mukusiyana uku, zvishongedzo hazvipo panguva yechikamu chekutanga, kunze kwekumwe kutsigirwa, zvisinei, muchikamu chechipiri matrills akawanda uye zvimwe zvishongo zvemimhanzi zvinoratidzwa, zvakaratidzwa nemunyori.
Variatio 25. kusvika 2 Clav. Adage. Miniti 41:55
Uyu mutsauko 25, wechitatu uye wekupedzisira weG madiki akasiyana, ane zvikamu zvitatu, uye anoratidzwa seadagio, zvinoreva mutsara unodzokororwa, muBach kopi, uye iri mu ¾ nguva. Rumbidzo inotorwa zvine hungwaru mumanotsi gumi nematanhatu uye gumi nematanhatu manotsi, ine chromaticism huru. Iko kusiyanisa kunowanzoitwa munguva yemaminitsi mashanu, uye yakareba kudarika mamwe, zvisinei, ine zviyero makumi matatu nemaviri chete.
Musiyano uyu unonzi "black pearl", yeGoldberg Variations yese, yakapihwa ne harpsichordist uye pianist Wanda Landwska, iyi Goldberg Variation 25, inofungidzirwa nevanoziva vazhinji seyakanyanya kunaka uye inoshamisa yebasa mukusimba kwayo kwese.
Saizvozvo, Williams akashinga kunyora nezvake se "runako uye kusviba kwekuda kwekusiyana uku kunoita kuti ive yemhando yepamusoro yemukati memukati mebasa rese", ukuwo Gould achitsigira kuti "kuonekwa kwekusiyana uku nekuneta uye kuneta ditty, ndiko. masterstroke ye psychology ».
Zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti nhaurirano yeredhiyo naTim Page, uyo anoitsanangura semusiyano une "inoshamisa chromatic texture", iyo Gould akabvumira kupa chibvumirano chake kunguva yaanotaura: "Handifunge kuti kune yakapfuma tsinga. yehukama hweenharmonic chero nguva pakati peGesualdo naWagner.
Variatio 26. kusvika 2 Clav. Miniti 47:55
Musiyano wakangwara nehunhu hwekutanga uye hwekufarira kweiyo yakapfuura Goldberg Kusiyana ndechimwe chidimbu chetoccata-chimiro chechidimbu, chakakamurwa kuita maviri, chinofadza muhunhu uye dzungu zvakare.
Inowanikwa pasi pearabesques inokurumidza, shanduko iyi yakafanana nesarabande, maererano nezvakataurwa naGilbert. Nzvimbo mbiri dzemacompas dzinoratidzwa pana 18 na 16 yerwiyo rusingapere runoratidzwa mumanotsi egumi nematanhatu uye ¾ yekuwirirana mukota manotsi uye yechisere manotsi; mumabhawa mashanu ekupedzisira, ruoko rweruboshwe nerudyi runotamba kusvika 18/16 siginicha yenguva.
Nekuda kwekumhanya kwechidimbu, uye nerutsigiro rwakawedzerwa rwakawanikwa rwuripo mukopi yakavanzika yaBach, musiyano uyu unokodzera seimwe yeakanyanya kunetsa kutamba. Kune vaturikiri vashoma, avo nenzira yakatanhamara, saRosalyn Tureck papiyano, vanoshandisa kumhanya kuri pakati nepakati. Mazhinji emitambo anoenderera mberi nekumhanya kwakakodzera.
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye kuferefetwa kwakaitwa nenyanzvi dzemimhanzi, senge nyaya yemudzidzisi wemimhanzi anonzi Cory Hall, inokurudzira kuti shanduko iyi yainzi iitwe nekumhanya kunononoka pane kuya kwekusiyana kwakapfuura.
Variatio 27. Canone alla Nona. ku1 Clav. Miniti 48:50
Iyi mutsauko ndeye kanoni kune yechipfumbamwe mu6/8 nguva. Kuve iyo yega yekanoni uko kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zviviri kwakajeka, mukuwedzera kune iyo chete sublime canon yebasa, nekuda kwekuti haina bass mutsara. Saizvozvo, ndiyo yekupedzisira kanoni iyo yakaiswa muGoldberg Variations.
Variatio 28. kusvika 2 Clav. Miniti 50:15
Ndiyo imwe yeGoldberg Variations apo toccata iripo muzvimedu zviviri mu ¾ nguva. Inoda kupindirana kukuru kwemaoko, ihwowo dingindira rechokwadi rematrills: matrill akanyorwa mufusas, uye anoratidzwa chikamu chikuru mumabhawa.
Icho chidimbu chinotanga nemuenzaniso wakaitwa neruoko rworudyi, iyo inotamba nemanotsi matatu pachiyero, ichigadzira mutsara wemimhanzi pamatatu anoridzwa neruoko rworuboshwe. Mumhanzi curve unotevera, iyo yakamisikidzwa mumanotsi gumi nematanhatu, mabara 9-12.
Chikamu chekutanga chinopera, chichiratidza matrills zvakare achiitwa nemaoko maviri, kuratidzira imwe pamusoro peimwe: chikamu chechipiri chinotanga uye chinoguma nemafungiro akafanana, nekufamba kunopesana nekuona mumapuranga 9 kusvika ku12. Chikamu chikuru che zviyero, zvidhori zvinoratidzwa mumawoko maviri pakati pezviyero 21 ne23.
Variatio 29. a 1 ovvero 2 clav. Miniti 50:15
Icho chimwe cheGoldberg Variations, kuva chidimbu chinoonekwa sechine virtuosic, icho chakasiyana zvakasiyana kubva kune mamwe ose ebasa: panzvimbo yekuve mhedziso, inonyanya kuenderana nemasimba akasimba, ayo anochinjana nezvikamu zvinoshamisa. Iri mu ¾ chiyero. Uyu musiyano wakakura unowedzera halo yehushingi mushure mekupenya kwakanyanya kwekusiyana kwakatangira. Glenn Gould, anotaura nezve izvi se "misiyano ye28 ne29, iri iyo chete uye yakasarudzika nyaya yekushandira pamwe pakati pezvimiro zvezviviri zvinoramba zvichisiyana".
Variatio 30. Quodlibet. A 1 Clav. Miniti 52:15
Izvi zvinowanikwa mukati meGoldberg Variations, inobva pane quodlibet, iri munziyo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeGermany, mbiri dzacho dzinonyengetera: "Ndanga ndiri kure nemi kwenguva yakareba, swedera pedyo, swedera pedyo", Ich bin solang nicht. Be dir g'west, mukweshe, mukweshe; uye imwe "Kabichi nematurnips zvakandiita kuti ndiende, dai mai vangu vakabika nyama, ndingadai ndakagara", Kraut und Rüben haben mich vertrieben, hätt mein' Mutter Fleisch gekocht, wär ich länger blieben.
Kunyanya dingindira rainzi Kraut und Rüben, rine zita rekuti La Capricciosa, rakamboshandiswa naDietrich Buxtehude, kuita partita nhamba yake 32 muG guru, Bux WV 250.23. Vamwe vakakanganwa. Nepo Forkel achitsanangura nezve quodlibet, achirangarira tsika yemhuri yemhuri yeBach, kunakidzwa nemitambo yemimhanzi pakuungana kwavo kwemhuri, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti chikamu chikuru chedzinza raBach vaive vaimbi. Nenzira imwe cheteyo sezvavakanyora, vakagadzira kwaya.
Mukutanga kwavo kwakasimba, vakasvika nemapati aiwanzosiyana. Vanozvipira kuimba nziyo dzakakurumbira dzine nyaya dzinosetsa uye dzisina kufanira, dzichibatanidzwa zvisingatarisirwi dzimwe nguva. Saka, rudzi urwu rwekushandurwa rwakagadzirwa pakati penziyo, vakaidana kuti quodlibet, idzo dzavaifarira kuimba, uyezve yakaunza kuseka kusingadzoreki mune vese vaiiteerera.
Inotaurira nyaya yeanecdote, zvichida yechokwadi kune chikamu cheForkel, nokuti aive nemukana wekutaura nevanakomana vaBach, nenzira yakatendeseka uye yakajeka iyo Bach akaedza kuita iyi quodlibet, yakanga iri buffoonery, kuitira kuti. vazhinji vakaiteerera vakaichengeta nhasi kubva pamaonero aya.
Nepo kuBorschel, chaizvo mhedziso iyi ine quodlibet, ndiyo inomiririra zvakare, kuti subtitle haina kuburitsa isina kujeka baroque formula, pane zvinopesana inova recreatio cordis, iyo inoshandura kufara kwemoyo, mupfungwa yakanaka yeLutheran. .
Aria da Capo uye zvakanaka
Uku kutaura kunoreva kudzokororwa kwenoti-ne-noti kweiyo aria, zvisinei, inowanzoitwa nenzira yakasiyana kwazvo, kazhinji ine mharidzo inogona kutsanangurwa se melancholic.
Kudzoka kwearia kunowedzera symmetry kune basa, zvichida zvinokurudzira zvinhu zvechimiro che cyclical chiri mubasa.
BWV 1087: makoni gumi nemana kubva kumabhesi eiyo aria kubva kuGoldberg Variations
Mune imwe iyi apo Bach's late counterpoint iripo, inodaidzwa kuti Vierzehn Kanons über die ersten acht Fundamentalnoten der Aria aus den Goldberg-Variationen, ine gumi nemana akarongwa canon, kubva kune masere akakosha manotsi eiyo aria bass yeGoldberg Variations.
Iri bhuku rakawanwa muStrasbourg, Alsace, France, muna 1974, richirangarirwa sorutivi rwechinyorwa chakadhindwa chomunhu oga cheGoldberg Variations, yaiva yaBach.
Saizvozvo, zvinonzi, muCanon nhamba 11 uye 13, kuti dzinoratidzika dzakafanana nevhezheni yekutanga yecanons BWC 1076 canon yemanzwi matanhatu, uye BWC 1977 kanoni yemanzwi mana ane chinyorwa sebass, ayo anofananidzirwa mune yakakurumbira. mufananidzo waBach, kubva kuhunyanzvi hwakapendwa naElias Gottlob Haussmann kubva mugore ra1746.
Zvinyorwa uye shanduro dzeGoldberg Variations
Muchikamu chino, tichave tichitaura nezvekuti Goldberg Variations vanga varipo sei mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasununguka, mumaoko evatambi vakawanda uye vanyori, zvichida nokuti vakashandura zviridzwa, zvinyorwa kana zvose zviri zviviri, izvo zvinogona kutaurwa:
Iyo yakakosha dhizaini icharidzwa papiyano, iyo yakashandurwa, naFerruccio Busoni.
Gore 1883
Josef Rheinberger. Chinyorwa chepiano mbiri.
Gore 1912
Józef Koffler. Kuridza piyano yemaoko mana
Gore 1938
Józef Koffler. Kuberekwa kweorchestra, tambo orchestra.
Gore 1975
Charles Ramirez naHelen Kalamuniak. Transcription yemagitare maviri.
Gore 1984
Dmitry Sitkovetsky. Kuberekwa kwetambo nhatu. Zvimwe chetezvo zvakanyorerwa tambo orchestra.
Gore 1987
Jean Guillou. Chinyorwa chenhengo.
Gore 1991
Joel Spiegelmann. Kutamba kwakakosha kwe synthesizer
Gore 1997
József Eötvös. Transcription yegitare
Gore 2000
Jacques Loussier. Kuumbwa kwevatatu veJazz.
Gore 2003
Karlheinz Essl. Kurongeka kwetambo nhatu uye mhenyu zvemagetsi.
Gore 2009
Catherine Finch. Chinyorwa chakazara chekushandisa pambira.
Gore 2010
Frederick Sarudiansky. Kurongeka kwemimhanzi yetambo nhatu.
Gore 2011
James Strauss. Kutamba kwakazara kwenyere uye harpsichord, kana nyere uye piano.
yakakosha discography
Iyo Goldberg Misiyano yakashandiswawo mumhando iyi, inoratidzwa pazasi:
Gore 1933: November muParis. Wanda Landwska. EMI 5 67200, ADD, kiyi
Gore 1942: Claudio Arrau. Chekutanga piano kurekodha
Gore 1945: Wanda Landwska. New York. rca, kiyi
Gore 1954: Chikumi 21. Glenn Gould. CBC, tsoko, piyano
Gore 1955: Chikumi 10. Glenn Gould. New York. Sony Classical 52 594. ADD, piyano
Gore 1957: Rosalyn Turek. Phillips, piyano
Gore 1959: Glenn Gould. Rarama kurekodha paSalzburg Festival. Sony Classical 52685, ADD, piyano. Ralph Kirkpatrick. Deutsche Grammophone 439 673-2. ADD, kiyi
Gore 1960-1961: Mwedzi waChikumi. Helmut Walcha. Hamburg. EMI 4 89166. ADD, kiyi
Gore 1969: Mwedzi waChikumi. Charles Rosen. New York. SonySBK 4817. ADD, piyano. Chikunguru. Wilhelm Kempff. Deutsche Grammophone 439 978-2. ADD, piyano
Gore 1978: Gustav Leonhardt. Deutsche Harmonia Mundi GD77149. ADD, kiyi
Gore 1980: Trevor Pinnock. Archiv Production 415 130-2. ADD, kiyi. João Carlos Martins. Concord Records 1343-12023-2, piano
Gore 1981: Kubvumbi naMay mwedzi. Glenn Gould. New York. Sony Classical 52619. DDD, piyano. Mwedzi waChikumi. Alexis Weissenberg. Wagram Kamuri, Paris. EMI – DDD, piyano
Gore 1982: February mwedzi. Grigory Sokolov. Leningrad. Rarama, Melodija, piyano. Mwedzi waDecember. Andras Schiff. London. Decca 417 116-2. DDD, piyano
Gore 1985: Mwedzi waGumiguru. Chen Pi-hsien. Frankfurt am Main. Naxos 8.550078. DDD, piyano.
Gore 1986: Mwedzi waApril. Kenneth Gilbert. HMA 1951240 - DDD, kiyi. Mwedzi waChikumi. Mary Type. Paris. EMI HMV 5 86666 - DDD, piyano
Gore 1987: Mwedzi waNovember. Jean Guillou. Chechi yeNotre-Dame des Neiges, Alpe d'Huez, France. Dorian 90110, nhengo. Vadivelu Comedy Music
Gore 1988: Ton Koopman. ERATO 45326-2 DDD, kiyi
Gore 1989: Mwedzi waNdira: Keith Jarrett. ECM Records 839 622-2.DDD, password
Gore 1990: Bob van Asperen. EMI CDC 7 54209 2, DDD, Key
Gore 1991: Maggie Cole. Mhandara 5 61555 (2 maCD), DDD, kiyi. Christiane Jacottet. TMI 446927-2 - DDD - ine BWV 802-805. Kiyi, pasina kudzokorora
Gore 1992: Tatyana Nikolaeva. Hyperion CDA 66589, DDD, piano
Gore 1993: Rosalyn Turek. Vhidhiyo Artist International VAIA 1029, ADD, piano. Andrey Gavrilov. Deutsche Grammophon 435 436-2, DDD, piyano. Mwedzi waGumiguru. Eleonore Buhler-Kestler. Bayreut, Germany. CHARADE; CHA 3012, DDD, kiyi. Mwedzi waGumiguru. NES Chamber Orchestra. Hamburg, kunyorwa kweDmitry Sitkovetsky, Nonesuch, violin uye orchestra.
Gore 1994: Mwedzi waJune. Peter Serkin. Manhattan BMG Classics 09026 68188 2, DDD, piano. Mwedzi waChikumi. Konstantin Lifschitz. Denon Records #78961.DDD, piano. Lifschitz aingova nemakore 17 chete panguva iyoyo.
Gore 1999: Mwedzi: April naJuly. Pieter-Jan Belder. Brilliant Classics 92284. DDD, kiyi. Mwedzi waAugust naSeptember. Angela Hewitt. Henry Wood Hall, London. Hyperion Records CDA 67305, piano.