Dzidza zvakawanda nezve nhoroondo, mabviro uye mamwe ehunyanzvi anomiririra Unicorn munyaya inotevera. Mhuka iyi inodudzwa mungano zhinji uye inoonekwa seimwe yezvisikwa zvakakoshesesa zvekare.
Unicorn
Mukati mezvizhinji zvengano idzo dziri chikamu chenhoroondo yetsika dzakasiyana dzekare dzepasirese tinowana nhamba huru yenhamba, zviratidzo uye hunhu hunhu. Chimwe cheizvi zvisikwa zvine mukurumbira uye nechitarisiko chikuru ndizvo chaizvo Unicorn, inoonekwa sechisikwa chengano.
Iyo Unicorn inowanzomiririrwa nenzira imwecheteyo. Mune dzakawanda dzengano idzi anofananidzirwa nebhiza jena rine makumbo emhembwe. Imwe yemhando huru yeunicorn iyi ine chekuita nemeso ayo uye mbudzi, kunze kwekuva nerunyanga pahuma.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kutaura kuti nekufamba kwemakore, iyo unicorn yave ichichinja chimiro chayo chemuviri kana kumiririra mukati mengano. Mune mamwe maratidziro echizvino-zvino, rinogona kuoneka rakafanana nebhiza, nemusiyano chete unocherechedzwa uri nyanga iri pahuma yaro.
Chokwadi ndechekuti ichi chisikwa chengano chinozivikanwa seUnicorn chave nebasa rakakosha mungano zhinji nengano. Muchokwadi, anogona kutorwa semutambi mukuru wenhoroondo huru uye nyaya dzakaratidza nhoroondo kuburikidza nemakore.
MuMiddle Ages zvinoreva simba uye yairondedzerwa semhuka yaishamisa yaikwanisa kana simba rekukunda dzimwe mhuka dzakawanda dzesimba remuviri unoyemurika, kunyangwe nguva zhinji yaikwanisa kukunda nzou hombe, yaionekwa panguva iyoyo. imwe yakasimba.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze kuti angangoita matatu akasiyana shanduro kana fungidziro dzinozivikanwa dzinoedza kutsanangura kuti ngano yeunicorn yakaonekwa sei muEuropean tsika:
1. Yekutanga yefungidziro idzi ine mabviro ayo muGreek, Roman uye Macedonia kuongorora kuThailand. Panguva iyoyo, zvaifungidzirwa kuvapo kwezvisikwa zvine nyanga imwe, zvichida zvipembere zveIndia, zvaizivikanwa. Ngatiyeukei kuti mvuu yakasvika pakunzi “bhiza rorwizi” nevaongorori vechiGiriki.
Kubva panguva iyoyo zvino zvine musoro kufunga kuti vaongorori vechiGiriki ava vangatsanangurawo chipembere cheIndia sebhiza rine nyanga mumusoro.
2. Pfungwa yechipiri ine mabviro ayo muvanhu veViking vaive netsika yekutengesa mazino enarwhal mukati mekondinendi yeEurope; yekutanga inozivikanwa yehunyanzvi inomiririra yeiyi cetacean mukati meEurope yaive yakafanana neyegungwa unicorn.
Zvingangodaro, uye sezvo ngano yacho yakanyorwa kubva kuGreece yekare, vanhu veNordic vakangotora mukana weiyo yekare ngano kutengesa narwhal tusks sekunge nyanga dzeunicorn, dzakabatana nemhando dzese dzekuporesa.
3. Pakupedzisira, tinowana fungidziro yechitatu ine mavambo ayo mukuwanikwa kwakaitika muna 2008 munzvimbo yakasikwa yePrato, iri muItaly. Maererano nezvinyorwa zvekuwana, kuwanikwa kwemhembwe ine nyanga imwe pakati inotaurwa. Vazhinji vanotaura kuti rudzi urwu rwokuwana rungadai rwakaitika panhambo dzakawanda munhau yose.
Munzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka yePrato vanochengeta chitendero chokuti mhara ine nyanga imwe chete, seyakawanikwa munharaunda iyoyo yeItaly, inogona kuva mavambo chaiwoiwo engano iyi inozivikanwa zvikuru munguva yedu. Kunewo nyaya dzembudzi dzakazvarwa dzine nyanga dzadzo dzakasanganiswa kuita imwe.
Dzimwe nyaya dzinogonawo kutaurwa, semuenzaniso wembudzi yenhema Obreron Zell's Lancelot, iyo sezviri pachena yakashandiswa mukuvhiya, zvichibva pane zvakawanikwa nenyanzvi yezvinhu zvipenyu Franklin Njiva, zvekuti yakakura nenyanga dzayo mbiri dzakasanganiswa sekunge dzaive imwe. Mhando iyi yembudzi inowanzotaurwa nezvayo mune yakakurumbira jargon se "unicorn mbudzi":
Kutanga
Muchikamu chino chechinyorwa chedu tichataura zvishoma nezvekwakabva chisikwa ichi chengano chinozivikanwa seunicorn. Chokwadi ndechokuti kusvikira nhasi maBhaibheri akawanda akaparadzirwa anotaura nezvekuzvarwa kwechisikwa ichi, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyaya dziri dzechokwadi kupfuura dzimwe.
Zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo, mavhezheni ekutanga engano yeunicorn ane kwaakabva muCtesias, anoonekwa semumwe wevanyori venhoroondo vechiGiriki vane mukurumbira uye vane simba vezana ramakore rechi 400 BC uye vakadzokera kuXNUMX BC Uyu hunhu hunoreva kune unicorn kekutanga. mubhuku rake pamusoro peIndia.
Mubhuku iri, munyori wenhau dzakaitika anotsanangura chisikwa chengano semhuka yemusango yeIndia uye anoratidza kufanana kwaro nebhiza, kunyangwe achitaura mimwe misiyano, semuenzaniso muviri waro muchena, musoro wepepuru uye maziso ebhuruu akanyanya. Zvinogona kunzi ndiyo imwe yetsanangudzo dzekutanga dzinozivikanwa nezvechisikwa ichi.
Munyori wenhau dzakaitika wechiGiriki Ctesias anotaurawo mubhuku rake nezvenyanga yemhuka iyi. Maererano netsanangudzo yaro, nyanga iyi yaiva nhema ine muromo mutsvuku negadziko jena. Akauyawo kuona kuti nyanga yaiva pahuma yemhuka iyi ine mishonga yaikwanisa kurapa avo vaiva nedambudziko remudumbu, pfari kana kuti vakanga vaiswa muchetura.
Kwemakore, shanduro itsva dzengano yeunicorn dzakabuda pachena. Dzakawanda dzeidzi shanduro dzakanongedzera kumavara akati siyanei omuviri kupfuura ayo akashumwa naCtesias wechiGiriki. Zvino mhuka yacho yairondedzerwa sechena ine muviri webhiza, wembudzi, makumbo emhembwe, uye muswe wenguruve kana kuti weshumba, ine nyanga yakamonereka pahuma yayo yakananga mberi.
Nyaya yacho inoratidza kuti chisikwa ichi chaizivikanwa seunicorn yaive mhuka yairamba yakazvibata yega, pamusoro pekuratidza hunhu husinganzwisisike kana uchienzaniswa nehwedzimwe mhuka, zvisinei, kunyangwe isingaite, inoratidzwa semhuka yemusango uye ine chisimba. saka kuvhima kwake kwaive kwakaoma. Vakuru veMiddle Ages vakatumira vavhimi kuIndia kunovhima unicorn.
Iyo unicorn zvakare yaive nemhedzisiro yayo yakanaka mukati meMiddle Ages. Panguva iyoyo chisikwa ichi chaiyemurwa zvikurukuru nokuda kwenyanga yacho nokuti zvaidavirwa kuti chikamu ichi chemhuka chaidzivirira pachepfu dzose. Pamusoro pazvo, nyanga iyi yaionekwa sedango rekurwisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana izvo zvaiita kuti munhu akarishandisa ararame kwenguva refu.
Vanokudzwa uye varume vane mukurumbira vakatsvaka zvipo izvi nokushandisa nyanga muchimiro cheupfu muchikafu nechinwiwa, zvikurukuru mukapu yakagadzirwa nechinhu chimwe chetecho. Kuti vawane mushonga uyu parufu, vakuru vakuru vekare vakabhadhara nhamba dzinoshamisa. Nenzira iyi vaidavira kuti vaisazombofa vakaiswa muchetura.
Zvomenemene, mbishi yemikombe iyi yenenji inofanira kuva yakabva munyanga dzechimwe chipembere kana kuti nyanga ye<em>narwhal, iyo yakanga iri whale duku ine varume vanova nemazino akadaro kubva kune rimwe remazino maviri bedzi ayo anawo. Pakave nekutaura kwakawanda pamusoro pekuzivikanwa kwaigona kunge kwakatanga ngano yeunicorn.
MaViking muEurope yeMiddle Ages anonzi aitengesa nyanga dzenarwhal senyanga dzeunicorn. Yaifananidzirawo humhandara, ndosaka zvaidavirwa kuti kuvhima kune ngozi kweunicorn kwakarerutswa zvikuru apo vavhimi vakashandisa mhandara yechidiki iyo yekukwezva chisikwa nekuchipingudza, zvekuti kuuraya kwaive nyore.
Shoko Unicorn mune dzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri
Mushanduro dzakawanda dzeBhaibheri shoko rokuti Unicorn rinogona kuwanikwa. Imwe yemakesi ishanduro yaReina Valera (1904). Ikoko Scío de San Miguel inoshandura izwi rechiHebheru reʼém (רֶאֵם) se "unicorn". Tinogona kuzvionga mubhuku raNumeri, zvikurukuru muganhuro 23, ndima 22, apo rinoratidzira zvinotevera:
“Mwari akavabudisa muIjipiti; ane simba rakaita seunicorn"
Mune dzimwe shanduro dzeBhaibheri shoko rimwe chetero rakashandurwawo kuti “chipembere”, “nzombe yomusango”, “nzombe yomusango”, “uro” kana kuti “nyati yomusango”, sezvo vashanduri vepanguva iyoyo vakanga vasina kunyatsonzwisisa kuti revo chaiyo yeshoko rokuti reʼém.
Vanyori vamaduramashoko vakawanda vazvino uno vakadai saLudwig Koehler naWalter Baumgartner vakasvika pakutaura kuti shoko rokuti reʼém rinonongedzera ku“nzombe yomusango,” zvisinei kuti dzimwe shanduro dzakadai se<em>New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures dzinotsanangura kuti revo yeshoko rinotaurwa i“nzombe” yomusango. , sezvo muchiSpanish shoko rokuti nzombe richireva nzombe yakachekwa.
Kwave kunewo kufungidzira kwakawanda pamusoro perevo chaiyoiyo yeshoko rokuti unicorn rinodudzwa mushanduro dzakawanda dzeBhaibheri. Zvinonzi zvazvinoreva zvaizova Elasmotherium sibiricum, asi tsananguro iyi inoita seishoma sezvo kwayaigara kwaiva nhambwe dzeRussia neCentral Asia uye kwete nharaunda yebhaibheri Palestine, saka tsananguro inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya ndeyekuti ndeye "nzombe. kana mombe yemusango".
Kupfuura fungidziro iyi yose, zvinokosha kujekesa kuti mhuka inotaurwa muBhaibheri, ingava imwe kana kuti imwe yacho, haisi chisikwa chokufungidzira kana kuti chengano. Chisikwa chaicho, chemusango, chisingabviri kupingudza, chine simba guru. Imwe ratidziro yeunicorn inowanwa muBhaibheri iri muBhuku raJobho 39:9-10 mushanduro yaro Reina Valera Antigua.
Unicorns muAmerica
Haisi chakavanzika kune ani zvake kuti equidae, mhuri yemhuka dzinoyamwisa, dzine kwadziri mumakondinendi eAsia neAfrica. Nhoroondo inotitaurira kuti rudzi urwu rwemhuka rwakauya kuvhu reAmerica kekutanga nekuda kweSpanish. Chokwadi ichi chinotitungamira kuti tizvibvunze isu mimwe mibvunzo nezvekuti nei chimiro cheunicorn chawanikwa muAmerican aboriginal art.
Fernández de Oviedo, achizvitsigira pauchapupu hweakaundendi wekare weNew Spain, Rodrigo de Albornoz, akavimbisa kuti unicorns dzakaonekwa munyika dzeCíbola. Maererano netsanangudzo yakapiwa, dzakanga dziri mhuka duku, zvisinei, nyanga huru uye inorema yakabuda padziri. Kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasina kunyanya kunonoka sezvavaimiririrwa mumatepi uye mapepa, vakanga vari unicorns shure kwezvose.
Paive nefungidziro yakawanda pamusoro pemhuka iyi yakaonekwa naRodrigo de Albornoz, zvaitonzi maunicorns akaonekwa naye anogona kunge ari albino tapirs.
Artistic kumiririra
Kwemakore kwave kune kwakasiyana hunyanzvi humiriri hweiyo unicorn yakagadzirwa nevanhu vakakosha vepasi uye iyo yakaisa mwero mutsika dzakawanda. Pakati peaya maratidziro ehunyanzvi eiyo unicorn, zvakakodzera kutaura maviri akatevedzana ematepi: Mukadzi uye Unicorn (Musée de Cluny) uye The Hunt for the Unicorn (The Cloisters).
Imwe yezviratidziro zvehunyanzvi zvine chekuita neunicorn inyaya yealbum yakakurumbira nemuturikiri uye munyori akaberekerwa muCuba, Silvio Rodríguez, ane musoro Unicorn. Zvakakoshawo kutaura bhuku renhetembo rakanyorwa naCarlos Alva uye rinonzi Unicorn.
Mumakore gumi e1965, munyori ane mukurumbira Manuel Mujica Lainez akaita mharidzo yepamutemo yebhuku rake rine musoro unoti "The Unicorn", kwaanodzokorora nyika yemashiripiti yepakati kubva panguva yeHondo. Protagonist yaro ndeye Fairy Melusina uyo, semugumisiro wekutukwa, anoshandurwa Mugovera wega wega kuita nyoka ine mapapiro echiremwaremwa.
Zvawanikwa
Muna 2012, kunyanya munaNovember 20, chiitiko chezvakaitika kare chine chokuita nekumiririra unicorn chakaratidzwa. Pachiitiko ichocho, North Korean news agency Korean Central News Agency yakazivisa kuti vanochera matongo veAcademy of Social Sciences yeKorea paYunivhesiti yePyongyang vakanga vawana zvakakosha kuwana.
Zvakawanikwa izvi zvaisanganisira mamwe masara uye murindi weanonzi unicorns muNorth Korea. Kuwana uku kwaizoguma kwave kuratidza kuvepo kwerudzi urwu rwemhuka. Bako iri riri pamamita mazana maviri kubva kutembere yeYongmyong, muguta guru rePyongyang, uye chirevo chimwe chetecho chinoti "dombo rakacherwa pamusuwo webako rinoti:" Lair of the unicorn ":
Zvinoenderana nenhoroondo yakataurwa muKorea, kwaive namambo wengano ainzi Mambo Tongmyong, aive nebasa rekutanga dzinza guru rinobva kuKorea yanhasi. Mambo iyeye aive nemukurumbira nekuti aikwira unicorn. Akatasva mhuka yacho ndeyekuti akapinda muhondo uye kuti hapana chaigona kukuvadza.
Zvisinei, yakanga iri nyaya yokuvhiringidzika kwesangano renhau, iro rakanga risingazivi nzira yokududzira zvakawanikwa. Chakanga chanyatsowanikwa yaive unicorn yakapendwa padombo pamadziro ebako rakataurwa, iro raionekwa semifananidzo yehunyanzvi yemhuka yengano yezvakanaka munguva yamambo wekutanga weKorea.
golden unicorn
Chokwadi wakambonzwa nezve unicorn yegoridhe, asi unoziva zvazvinoreva? Imhando yakakosha yeunicorn ine nyanga yakagadzirwa negoridhe. Nyaya yacho inoti unicorn yegoridhe yaivhimwa zvakanyanya nemanomads kuchamhembe kweGalicia. Iwe unongonzwa nezvavo panguva yekugara kwevaCelt munzvimbo ino yeSpain.
Unogonawo kufarira zvinyorwa zvinotevera: