Chii chinonzi Ecological Tourism kana Ecotourism ▷➡️ Postposmo

Kutanga muma1980 ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, nzira itsva yekuita kushanya yakatanga nechinangwa chekucherechedza nekunakidzwa nezviitwa zvine chekuita nezvisikwa, zvinodaidzwa kuti Ecological Tourism, Ecotourism kana Nature Tourism. Iyi nzira yekuita tourism inoda kusimudzira kushanya uko chinhu chikuru ndechekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye tsika dzetsika dzenzvimbo dzakashanyirwa. Ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uzive izvo Ecological Tourism ine, pano mune ino chinyorwa.

Ecological Tourism kana Ecotourism

Iri rudzi rwekushanya imhando yezvikumbiro zvekukurudzira kushanya uko kukwezva kukuru kuratidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinopihwa nezvisikwa, nekuda kwechinangwa ichi inogamuchira mazita eEcological Tourism, ecotourism kana Natural tourism. Ecological Tourism inzira ine hunhu yekuita kushanya kune vamwe vanhu vanofarira zviitiko muzvisikwa uye vane hukama nevanhu veko uye netsika dzavo. Nekuda kweizvi, zviitiko zvakarongwa zvinotsanangurwa nemisimboti yekuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza.

Iyi nzira yekuita kushanya yakatanga muma80s, uye nekukasira ikava chikamu chinoyevedza chekushanya, chikava chikamu chine simba uye chiri kukura chekushanya pasi rose. Tichifunga nezvokufarira kwakamutswa pakati pevanhu vanofarira kushanya kworudzi urwu, United Nations Organisation (UN) yakasarudza gore ra2002 kusimudzira mabasa akasiyana anoitwa muEcological Tourism.

Muna 1990, International Ecotourism Society (TIES) yakavambwa nechinangwa chekusimudzira rudzi urwu rweEcological Tourism, uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chayo kana chikonzero chekuve ... rwendo rwakaitwa nebasa rekuchengetedza nharaunda uye kubatsira mukuvandudza mamiriro akanaka evagari vemo. TIES yakazvipira kuita basa iri nekusimudzira biocultural kuchengetedza uye kutungamira zviito kune inoenderera kushanya pasi rese. Kuti izadzise chinangwa chayo uye chiono, Ecological Tourism inofanirwa kutevedzera zvinotevera misimboti:

Kuderedza kukanganisa kwakashata kwezvakatipoteredza uye tsika kunogadzirwa nebasa iri.
Shandisa ruremekedzo uye ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza uye tsika nemagariro
Ipa nguva dzakanaka kune vanogamuchira uye vashanyi
Ipa zvikomborero zvehupfumi zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye tsika
Ipa mabhenefiti emari uye wedzera kutora chikamu mukuita sarudzo munharaunda
Gadzira kunzwisisa kune zvematongerwo enyika, zvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro mamiriro enyika dzakatambira
Tsigira kodzero dzevanhu pasi rose nemitemo yevashandi

Ecological Tourism, kunyangwe ichangoburwa vashanyi uye chiitiko chekufamba, inoonekwa nemapoka akati wandei ezvakatipoteredza, masangano ehurumende neasiri ehurumende munhandare yepasirese sechiito chinogoneka chekusimudzira. Chiitiko cheEcological Tourism chenyika dzakaita se: Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Kenya, Madagascar, Nepal neEcuador (Galapagos Islands) inopa mari yakakura yechikamu chekushanya chenyika idzodzo uye mune dzimwe nyika hupfumi hwadzo.

Ramangwana Redu Pamwe Chete

Muna 1987, UN World Commission on Environment and Development yakanyora bhuku rinonzi Our Common Future, rinozivikanwawo se "Brundtland Report", nekuda kwekunge sachigaro nachiremba wekuNorway Gro Harlem Brundtland. Gwaro iri rakagadzirwa nechinangwa chekupa nhevedzano yezvikumbiro zvingaitwe, kudzivirira kufambira mberi kwematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza anokonzerwa nebudiriro munyika.

Masayendisiti nevezvematongerwo enyika vanobva kunyika 21 vakapinda mukugadzirira kwebhuku rinonzi Our Common Future kana Brundtland Report, vakaongorora zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa zvakawanikwa mumakore matatu ekunzwa kwevanhu uye ongororo dzakanyorwa dzinopfuura mazana mashanu. Imwe yemipiro yakakosha yemushumo uyu yaive yekujekesa kuti kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kwakapfuura kubva pakuva dambudziko renzvimbo, redunhu uye renyika kuti rive dambudziko repasi rose, saka nyika dzese nevanhu vanofanirwa kushanda kuti vagadzirise mhinduro, zvichipihwa kuti budiriro uye zvakatipoteredza zvine hukama hwapedyo.

Mhedzisiro yakakosha yemushumo uyu, yakawanikwa mushure memakore matatu ekuongorora kwezvakataurwa kubva kune nyanzvi kubva kunyika dzinopfuura 21, yaive mupiro wakaitwa kumutemo wezvakatipoteredza munhandare yepasirese umo pfungwa yebudiriro inoenderera yakatsanangurwa "iyo inogutsa zvinodiwa zvazvino pasina kukanganisa zvinodiwa nezvizvarwa zvinotevera”… kubva pakabva paitwa Earth Summit muRio de Janeiro, Brazil muna 1992.

World Ecotourism Summit 2002

Tichifunga nezvekukosha kwakaita Ecological Tourism nekukurumidza kusimudzira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza papasi, nechinangwa chekubatanidza maitiro uye kuyeuka Gore ra2002 seGore Renyika Dzepasi Pose reEcological Tourism, rakagadzwa neUN, yakapembererwa muQuebec, Canada. .World Ecotourism Summit kubva musi wa19 kusvika 22 May 2002. Misoro inotevera yakakurukurwa pamusangano wacho:

Ecotourism Policy uye Kuronga. Dingindira iri rakataura nezvemitemo yakasiyana, zvirongwa nezvirongwa pazvikero zvakasiyana zvemuno, zvedunhu nepasi rose. Zvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvebudiriro; kushandiswa kweecotourism mumapaki enyika uye nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzekutonga kwakakosha. Kuronga kwenzvimbo uye kuronga. Ongorora kuwirirana pakati pebudiriro nekuchengetedza. Zvirongwa uye mari yeEcological Tourism uye kusimudzira zviwanikwa zvevanhu.
Kurukurai nezveEcological Tourism Regulation
Kurudziro uye kusimudzira zvigadzirwa, kushambadzira uye zvikumbiro nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvinogara zviripo, mupiro wevamiriri vakasiyana, dzidzo yezvakatipoteredza, hukama hwehukama pakati pehurumende neakazvimirira.
Ongororo yeMitengo uye Mabhenefiti ekubatsira kwavo kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, zvinogona kukanganisa, kugamuchirwa kwemaitiro ekudzivirira, kubatana mukutarisira uye kuongorora, kutsanangura tsvagiridzo uye manejimendi masisitimu.

Mumakakatanwa eSammit, vakatarisa pakutsigira Ecological Tourism munzvimbo dzakasiyana senge zvakatipoteredza, zvemagariro uye zvehupfumi, uyezve nekubatana uye kutora chikamu munharaunda dzenzvimbo, manejimendi, manejimendi uye manejimendi ezviitwa uye kugovera chinangwa chepurofiti yakanyorwa.

Ecological Tourism uye Green Tourism

Pane tsananguro dzakati wandei dzeEcological Tourism, inobata maitirwo azvinoitwa, izvi zvichikonzerwa nekuti hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti Ecological Tourism chii uye hazvisi, pamwe chete neizvi hapana sangano repasi rose rinotsanangura nekusimbisa izvi. chiitiko. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masangano evashanyi anopa zvikumbiro zvevashanyi nezviitwa zvakasanganiswa nezviitwa zvechisikigo pamwe nekumwe kunakidzwa kwemadhorobha. Kuita zviitiko muzvisikwa, senge zuva pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, kumisasa, kubata hove, kushanya kwekushanya uye zvimwe zviitiko zvinosangana nezvisikwa, haisi Ecological Tourism. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kushanya kwakasvibira kana kungoshanya kwechisikigo.

Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya, masangano akadai seWorld Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) neUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), akaburitswa mumagazini akasiyana siyana uye mapeji chaiwo tsananguro yeEcological Tourism kana ecotourism uye mazano emitemo yezvakatipoteredza uye mabasa akanaka ekuita. zvinogoneka. Mune tsananguro idzi zviri pachena kuti izwi rekuti ecotourism rine zvarinoreva kaviri, mukuona kwerumwe rutivi rinonangidzirwa kune chikamu chemusika uye chimwe chikamu, chinotungamirwa pasi penhevedzano yemisimboti.

Chii chinonzi Ecological Tourism kana Ecotourism?

Izwi rekuti ecological tourism rinotsanangurwa neWorld Tourism Organisation, sechiitiko chinoitika munzvimbo yakasikwa uye chinangwa chikuru chemushanyi ndechekuziva, kuona, kudzidza, ruzivo uye kukoshesa zvipenyu uye tsika dzetsika nehunhu hune hanya. zvine ruremekedzo kunzvimbo yakashanyirwa, nechinangwa chekuchengetedza ecosystem uye kuwana kugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda. Chiitiko cheecotourism chinofanirwa kudzorwa chichitevera hunhu chaihwo kudzikisa kukanganisa kwakashata pane ecosystem nevaimbova vagari.

Sekureva kweTourism uye Competitiveness Committee (CTC), inoona Ecological Tourism sechiitiko chemukati chechinangwa chekusimudzira budiriro, imhando yekushanya yakatarisana nechisikwa chine hunhu hwekuve hukama hwepedyo nebudiriro inoenderera uye nekudaro Iri. zvichibva pamirayiridzo yekusimudzira uye, nekuda kweizvi, inotsigirwa nekuzadzika kwezvikamu zvinotevera.

Inofarira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu
Inobatsira pakugara zvakanaka uye kuenderera mberi kwevagari vemo
Mhando iyi yekushanya ine zviitiko zvekududzira kwezvakatipoteredza uye kudzidza
Zvinoreva manejimendi ane hunyanzvi nevashanyi uye indasitiri yekushanya.
Mabasa anoitwa zvakanyanya nemapoka madiki nemakambani madiki.
Munguva yerudzi urwu rwekuita, huwandu hwakaderera kwazvo hwezvisingadzokerike zviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa uye zviitiko zvaro zvinotsigirwa nezvinowanikwazve zviwanikwa zvakaita se: solar, mhepo, biomass simba, pakati pezvimwe.
Inosimbisa kusangana kwakakodzera nezviitwa zvemuno, zvivakwa uye mikana yekutaurirana kune vagari venzvimbo.

Tsanangudzo yeEcological Tourism sekureva kwaSecretary of Tourism weMexico (SECTUR) ndidzo "nzendo idzo dzine chinangwa chekubatanidza zviitiko zvekutandara munzvimbo dzechisikigo uye kunakidzwa netsika dzenharaunda nemafungiro kune vashanyi uye makambani ekushanya kuti azive, kuremekedza, kunakidzwa uye kutora chikamu mukuchengetedza zviwanikwa netsika nemagariro”. Secretariat of Tourism yeMexico (SECTUR), inosiyanisa Ecological Tourism kubva kuNature Tourism uye inokamura iyo yekupedzisira kuita mitsetse mitatu mikuru: Ecological Tourism, adventure tourism uye kushanya kumaruwa.

Naizvozvo, pfungwa yeEcotourism inotsanangurwa se “Nzendo dzakarongwa nechinangwa chakakosha chekudyidzana, kuziva uye kuona zvisikwa uye nekubatana mukuchengetedza kwayo. Kushanya uku kunowanzoitwa munzvimbo dzisina kushandurwa zvishoma nezviitiko zvevanhu uye zvinosanganisira zviitiko zvekuzivisa nezvezvakatipoteredza uye tsika nemagariro". Ecological Tourism inotsanangurwa zvakare se "nzendo dzekuenda kunzvimbo dzechisikigo nemafungiro ekuziva, kudzidza nekuchengetedza nharaunda uye kubatsira mukuvandudza nharaunda dzakashanyirwa".

Mhando dzeEcological Tourism

Zvichienderana nekudzivirirwa kweEcological Tourism kana ecotourism chiitiko, mapoka matatu anogona kusiyaniswa, anozivikanwa nenhamba. Iyo ingave yerudzi rwekutanga ecotourism.Kana ecotourism yakanangana nekuchengetedza zvisikwa; Type 1 ecotourism.Iyo kana yakanangana nekuchengetedza zvisikwa uye zvakare inosimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwetsika yenzvimbo yakashanyirwa uye nhaka yayo yenhoroondo. Type 2 ecotourism ichave apo chiitiko chesocial ecotourism chinowedzerwa kune kuchengetedzwa kwechisikigo uye tsika, nechinangwa chekubatsira vagari venzvimbo.

Rudzi rwekupedzisira urwu rweecotourism, nekubatanidza kuchengetedza muhurongwa hwakakura uye manejimendi akakwana kuti abatanidze basa rebasa, zvinotungamira kuhupenyu huri nani kune vanogamuchira huwandu uye kugovaniswa kuri nani kwehupfumi hunogadzirwa nebasa revashanyi, rinokanganisa zvishoma vagari vemo nenzvimbo yavo yechisikigo.

Tsika nemagariro

Muna 2003, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), yakaronga ecotourism se "iya Ecological Tourism ventures inotungamirirwa mukufarira nzanga" ichitsanangura kuti ecotourism iyi inoitwa nechikwata chevanhu vari chikamu chenharaunda iyoyo. uye ndiani anogara panzvimbo. Muchikamu ichi cheEcological Tourism, vagari venzvimbo iyi havangobatanidziri muchiitiko chevashanyi chete, asiwo vanhu vamwechete venzvimbo iyi vane basa reEcological Tourism purojekiti, iyo inofarira nhengo dzese, vamwe zvakananga uye vamwe zvisina kunanga.

Zvichitevera nzira iyi yekuita, ILO (International Labor Organization) muna 2003, yakaratidza kuti Ecological Tourism chirevo nevanhu vemunharaunda uye vekumaruwa yakananga kune rimwe basa, rakadai sekuvandudza mararamiro ehupenyu hwevanhu munharaunda idzodzo; kuitira kuchengetedza kuzivikanwa kwetsika nemagariro. Kuburikidza nekubatsira mukuvandudza mashandiro ekanzuru kuti asimudzire kushanya kunogarisa uye kunokwikwidza.

Muchibvumirano cheILO che169 chinosimudzira kodzero dzevanhu vekune dzimwe nyika, muchinyorwa chayo chechinomwe, chinoti: “Vanhu vanofanirwa kuve nekodzero yekusarudza kuti ndezvipi zvavanokoshesa maererano nekufambira mberi kwavo nebudiriro, zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yezvimwechetezvo. hupenyu hwavo, dzidziso, zvipenyu uye kugara zvakanaka pamweya, uye munzvimbo dzavanogara kana kushandisa chete uye kuita, nepavanogona napo, budiriro yavo yehupfumi, yemagariro uye tsika.

Saizvozvowo, zvizvarwa zvechivanhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvichafanirwa kutora chikamu mukugadzirisa, kutsanangura, kuita uye kuongorora zvirongwa zvebudiriro yenyika nematunhu izvo zvinogona kuvakanganisa zvakananga. Tichifunga nezvezviri pamusoro, masangano akasimudza nhevedzano yezvinodikanwa zvakajeka kuitira kuti vazive uye vajekese pamusoro pemhedzisiro yehuwandu hwezvirongwa zvekushanya, izvo zviri kuwedzera zuva rega rega, izvo zviri kuitwa nenharaunda kana izvo zviri kuitwa. nemari yavo.

Kunetsekana kweILO kuri mumapoinzi maviri ekufarira, yekutanga ndiyo inotaura nezvekukanganisa kweEcological Tourism pane zviwanikwa zvechisikigo, tsika dzayo, uye mararamiro. Zvichienderana nezvisungo izvi, ILO yakagadzira chirongwa cheBusiness Development Services for community tourism, icho chinozivikanwa nerekuti Network kushanda nenharaunda dzinenge dzaratidza kufarira kushanya, zvirevo zviri pachena : Nzira dzekutsigira dzinoita. hazvifanirwe kushandura zviwanikwa nenzvimbo, kana kukurudzira kusarudzika, nechinangwa chekusapikisa hwaro hwetsika dzechivanhu paupenyu, nharaunda yavo uye neruzhinji maonero avo enyika.

Kuitira kurwisa kutyisidzira kwenyika dzechivanhu, nekuda kwezvingangoitika zveoiri nemigodhi mapurojekiti uye kushanya kusingadzoreki, akatungamira masangano echivanhu anonzi Confederation of Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon (CONFENAIE) uye, kuburikidza neKurongeka kwemasangano Marudzi evanhu veNyika. Amazon Basin (COICA) yekuvandudza muma1990s hwaro hweCommunity-Based Ecological Tourism (EBC) kumabvazuva kweAmazon, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana dzimwe nzira dzine musoro kana dzakasimba dzehupfumi.

Zvematongerwo enyika

Munguva pfupi yapfuura indasitiri yekushanya yave iri muindasitiri huru yebasa. Mukati mechikamu ichi, Ecological Tourism yanga ichikwira nhanho uye yakazvimisikidza kuti ikure nekukurumidza, sezvo muma1990 kwaive nechido chekusimudzira kushanya kwegirinhi mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu nemasevhisi. Maererano nenyanzvi munyika, ecotourism yakakura ne10% kusvika 15% pasi rose.

Aya maperesenti ekukura kweEcological Tourism anobvumira kuvandudzwa kwezvikumbiro zvevashanyi semhinduro yekuvandudza hupenyu hwenharaunda nenzvimbo, nevanhu vanozvimirira, maNGO, masangano epasi rose, masangano ehurumende, uye kupa mhinduro inotarisana nevanotyisidzirwa nemapurojekiti emasango. , migodhi, kutema miti uye kushandiswa kwemafuta, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza uye nzanga.

Pamusoro peizvi, chikamu cheEcological Tourism chine simba rekusimudzira mabasa, mari yekunze uye zvivakwa zvinovandudza budiriro yemuno. Nekudaro, nekuremekedza kugona kweecotourism, pane kuchinjika kushoma mune tsananguro yekuti chii chinonzi ecotourism uye dambudziko iri rakakonzera kubuda kwezvikumbiro zvine mavara e "green" uye "ecotourism", pasina kutevedzera misimboti yeecotourism. . Maererano naAzevedo Luíndia (2005) nekuda kwekusarurama uku mukutsanangurwa kwayo ... "Ecological Tourism inogona kuva chero chinhu uye zvose panguva imwe chete hazvigoni kuva chinhu" ...

Economic and Social Impact

Nehurombo, nharaunda dzenzvimbo kana idzo dziri padyo nemhoteredzo yezvisikwa hazvigashire mipiro yakakwana yehupfumi. Kunzwa kunoshandiswa nemakambani ecotourism uye kunyanya nekuwedzera kwevashanyi, kucherechedza kuti mari inosvika sei kumapoka ekunze uye mashoma ndiwo maitiro akanaka anosvika kumapoka emunharaunda. Nezvekukanganisa uku, kumwe kukanganisa munharaunda kunogona kutsanangurwa.

Kukanganisa kwakashata munharaunda yeEcological Tourism ndiko kushanduka kwevaridzi venzvimbo munzvimbo uye zvakare kana kupa fungidziro dzekutengesa kunoitika maererano nekutengesa kwayo uye izvi zvinonyanya kukanganisa vagari veko vanonzwa kusagadzikana nekuda kwekuvapo kwevatorwa vavanoshandisa nzvimbo pamwe nedziviriro. nzvimbo nedzimwe nzvimbo dze ecotourism, dzimwe nguva zvisina kufanira.
Munzvimbo dzisina kusimba dzechisikigo nekuti inzvimbo dzisina kupinda vanhu, vanogona kukanganiswa nevashanyi avo, nekuda kwekusaziva, vanokanganisa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga maruva avo nemhuka. Semuenzaniso, kana vachidyisa mhuka dzakaita setsoko, shiri kana makarwe kuitira kuti vashanyi vatore mifananidzo. Kuchinja mafambiro ekudya kwemhuka.
Kusawirirana kwechivanhu kunowedzerwa nekushandiswa kwetsika dzechivanhu munzvimbo dzavaigaroita sekutema huni, kuvhima, kuchera miti yemishonga pamwe nekushandisa mashizha emichindwe kuvaka denga redzimba dzavo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nekumisikidza kushanya kweecotourism, zvirambidzo zvinogadzikwa kune vanhu vakatenderedza ecosystem, sezvavanotemerwa senzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa.
Zvivakwa zvitsva zveEcological Tourism, sezvivakwa zvehotera, zvitoro zvakasiyana, maresitorendi, zvakavakwa padyo nenzvimbo dzechisikigo, zvichikanganisa nzvimbo nekuti vamwe vane zvivakwa zvekuvaka zvisingaenderane nemamiriro echisikigo. Simba rekushandisa kwavo rinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwemarara akaomarara, kusvibiswa kweruzha, kusvibiswa kwemvura yaro, kuvhenekera kwehusiku pedyo zvakanyanya nenzvimbo dzinogara mhuka dzeko.
Dhizaini yemakwara ekududzira anofanirwa kushandiswa nevashanyi anowanzo gadzirwa zvishoma uye zvinoitikawo kuti nzira yacho inove isina kufanira nekuti ndiyo nzira imwechete ikoko nekudzoka, pachinzvimbo chenzvimbo inobvumira denderedzwa redunhu. Nekuda kweizvi, matambudziko ekukukurwa kwevhu anogona kukonzerwa nekutsika-tsika uye dzimwe nguva vashanyi vanotungamirwa nevanhu vane ruzivo rushoma rwenzvimbo uye kutungamira, kuita nzendo dzakaipa neruzivo rusina kunaka.
Kushaikwa kwezvidzidzo zvekuremerwa munzvimbo dzakashanyirwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisina kusimba kune chero mhando yekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvinoitika kuti pane kushoma kuronga kudzikamisa kana nzvimbo yekupinda munzvimbo kana nzira kana kutakura kwavo kwapfuura.
Zvinowanzoitika kuti mazhinji eEcological Tourism mazano anongofarira kukwezva vashanyi vanobva kunze kwenyika, nekuda kwemari yakakwira mumari yekunze iyo rudzi urwu rwekushanya runopa. Somugumisiro, ngwariro shoma inobhadharwa kuvashanyi vakaberekerwamo pamwe chete neboka rechikoro romunzvimbomo, avo vane zviwanikwa zvishoma zvokufamba.

Zvisinei netsanangudzo uye misimboti yeEcological Tourism, pamwe nekushandiswa kwayo kwakaringana neindasitiri yekushanya, kune mapoka ehupfumi anofunga kukura kwakakura kwechikamu cheecotourism. Tichionekwa kubva pamaonero aya, Ecological Tourism inogona kuita basa rakanaka mukusimudzira nyika dzinoverengeka dzeNyika dzeTatu nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana: mari yekuwana uye kuwedzera kwemabasa, kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa uye kuwedzera hupfumi husina kurongeka.

Nyika dzine kukura kushoma kwehupfumi nekuda kwemamwe mativi ehupfumi uye ane akati wandei anoyevedza ecosystem uye anonakidza tsika tsika, seBrazil, Peru, Bolivia neEcuador. Kazhinji, iyo Ecological Tourism chikamu chinoda mari shoma nebazi reveruzhinji muzvivakwa, zvichienzaniswa nekushanya kwakajairika; kunyangwe, Ecological Tourism kana ecotourism inogona kuunza mabhenefiti ari nani kunharaunda dzenzvimbo kupfuura kushanya kwechinyakare.

Panyaya iyi, ecological tourism muchikamu chayo chehupfumi inosanganiswa nemafungu makuru eanthropocentric uye egocentric social philosophies. Kana zvasvika kune iyo nyaya ye ecotourism, imwe yemapoinzi akakosha kukurukurwa ndeye kuti ingave yakadii mukana wekukwikwidza kubva pamaonero ehupfumi kunharaunda dzayo uye nenyika inogamuchira. Sezvo iri zvakare yakanaka sosi yemari kune vekunze vanoshanda, kunyanya sezvo chikamu ichi chemusika chiri kuramba chichikura.

Zvichikonzera kukakavara, zvichipiwa kuti iyi rombo rakanaka rehupfumi harisi kazhinji rinosvika kunyika dzekuenda uye zvishoma kune hupfumi hwenharaunda dzenharaunda uko nzvimbo dzechisikigo dzekunaka kunoshamisa uye tsika dzemadzitateguru avo dziripo. Zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo zvehupfumi hweEcological Tourism chiitiko, pane dzidziso huru inoratidza kuti Ecological Tourism inowedzera mari munzvimbo nhatu:

Munyika mune zvakatipoteredza uye/kana zviwanikwa zvetsika, nekuda kwemari yekunze inowanikwa nevashanyi vezvemamiriro ekunze.
Kuvagari veko tichitarisa kutora kwavo chikamu muzviitiko muchikamu chekushanya, uye zvakare kuburikidza nemamwe mapato anowirirana.
Kumutungamiriri wenzvimbo yechisikigo kana zviitiko zvetsika pamupiro wavanogamuchira zvakananga kubva kune vashanyi pavanobhadhara kuwana.

Zvipingamupinyi mukuvandudza Ecotourism

Pane zvidzidzo zvishoma zvinovimbisa kuti ecotourism inogona sei kupa mhinduro yakakwana yekuti ungagutsa sei kuwedzera kuri kuita kudiwa nevashanyi vezvemamiriro ekunze. Tichifunga nezvekushaikwa kwekuronga munguva pfupi uye yepakati, inoshanda nekugadzirisa njodzi (kunyangwe kuvandudza) kana dambudziko kana njodzi yaitika. Pasina kuongorora kuti sei zvakaitika kuitira kufanoona mune ramangwana mukana.

Kunyange zvazvo kune mabhuku akawanda anobudiswa neWorld Ecotourism Society, asi zvishoma zvinobvunzurudzwa kana ruzivo rwedzimwe nyika runodzidzwa. Kune ruzivo mumitauro yakasiyana, yakadai seSpanish. Nekune rimwe divi, mipiro yebhajeti yakadzikira kuita kuronga, kuita uye kuongorora ecotourism, kunyanya munzvimbo dzehotera. Parizvino, pane ruzivo rwesangano rakarongeka rekukodzera uye kupa zvitupa mahotera, maererano nekuratidzira kwavo kunzwisiswa kune zvakatipoteredza, zvisinei, mhedzisiro uye maitiro avo pachokwadi chezviitiko zvevashanyi hazvisati zvaongororwa.

Kune mashoma masangano edzidzo uye nemhando yepamusoro mudzidzo pane ecotourism. Nzvimbo yedzidzo inozivikanwa uye ine zvinyorwa zvinoisimbisa, kuitira kuti ive guarantor mukudzidziswa kwenyanzvi uye vaongorori muEcological Tourism munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye nhanho dzekudzidziswa uye nyanzvi. Zvakare, iva nehukama hwakanaka nevagari veaya masangano kuitira kutora mukana weiyo biological, culinary, yechinyakare, hunyanzvi ruzivo rwaigona kushandiswa.

Vashoma vavariro yenhamba yekuongorora uye yekutarisa yakaitwa iyo inorondedzera zvakadzama maitiro eEcological Tourism, kuitira kuti tizvifungire uye, zvichibva paruzivo urwu, kuvandudza kana kushandura nzira yekukosha uye kusimudzira nzira nyowani dzekusvika ecotourism. .nenzira ine hunyanzvi uye inoenderera mberi nekufamba kwenguva.

Maonero eEcological Tourism

Maonero echiitwa chakanyatsoitwa Ecological Tourism chiitiko chinogona kuve chiridzwa chikuru chekusimudzira kuchengetedza nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzechisikigo uye tsika dzemagariro enharaunda, kana tsika yakanaka yerudzi urwu rwekushanya ikaitwa uye, zvisinei, kuita Kusave nehanya kweEcological Tourism kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kumhuka, maruva uye zvese zvakasikwa uye tsika zviwanikwa zvedunhu.

Iyi mhando yeEcological Tourism inoenderera mberi ichipindura kune zvinonaka uye zvinodikanwa zvehuwandu hwevashanyi vezvemamiriro ekunze, avo vari kuwedzera kufarira kuwana nharaunda dzechisikigo uye vachipindurawo kune zvinodiwa pakupindura nzira yekubatanidza kuchengetedza nemapurojekiti ebudiriro. Pamwe chete nerutsigiro rushoma mukupa nharaunda inogamuchira basa rakakosha mukuita kwavo kwekushingaira, sezvo vari ivo vekutanga vanobatsirwa. Nekuda kweizvi, rubatsiro rwehupfumi, kusvika pamwero mukuru, runoramba rwuri mumaoko evafambisi vevashanyi nemakambani, asi haatomboisirwazve mukusimbisa nharaunda uye zvakatipoteredza.

Kunyangwe zvichitendwa kuti chiitiko cheEcological Tourism chiri pachena mukufambira mberi kwehupfumi hwenharaunda dzenharaunda, asi chakanangana nekupa manejimendi inotorwa nedunhu rinogamuchira kana nyika, mukuve nekupihwa kusingawirirane kweiyo isina kubatwa ecosystem uye kuwedzera kune dzimwe nyika. kutengeserana kwekufamba sechishandiso chekupinza kwesaiti.

Mercado

Kambani ye ecotourism yanga ichikura mumakore achangopfuura pasirese, zvisinei, chokwadi chekuti hadzisi nyika dzese dzakatara marongero kana zvitupa zvemakambani ecotourism anoteerana nemisimboti yechikamu ichi chevashanyi chakanangana nekushandiswa kwakasimba, izvo zvakonzera nyonganiso. nenzira yainopa masevhisi uye zvainopa chaizvo.

Parizvino, kupihwa kweEcological Tourism munyika inongori mwenje Ecological Tourism kana greenwashing, kureva, kushambadzira ine mifananidzo inoyevedza yenzvimbo dzechisikigo uye ecological tourism label, nechinangwa chekukwezva vashanyi uye kuvapa zvimwe zviitiko. hauwanzo kusangana nemisimboti yechokwadi ecotourism.

Muchokwadi, dzimba dzechinyakare dzehotera dzakavakwa padyo nemahombekombe egungwa kana, padyo nenzvimbo yakasarudzika yechisikigo inomiririra kunaka kwayo kunoshamisa, inowanzoonekwa. Kushanya kweMass kunowanzo kuburitsa zvakawanda zvakaipa zvinokanganisa uye avo vanofarirwa ndivo varidzi vemahotera nevafambisi vevashanyi, pasina mupiro mukuchengetedza nharaunda nenharaunda nevagari vadzo, kunze kwemabasa anobhadhara zvishoma anogadzirwa kuti agamuchire kune vatashanyi. Ecological Tourism yakagamuchira kushoropodzwa kwakawanda nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemitemo yakajeka, ndosaka mumusika wepasi rose ichipa ecotourism isiri yechokwadi sekunge yanga iri.

Mienzaniso yeEcological Tourism

Kune mashoma Ecological Tourism mapurojekiti anogona kutaurwa semienzaniso yakanakisa, izvi tichifunga kuti kunyangwe nzvimbo dzechisikigo dzichiwira mukati memisimboti yeEcological Tourism kana ecotourism, mapurojekiti aya anokanganiswa nekubudirira kumwe kunowanikwa mukati merudzi urwu rwekushanya. . Nekuda kwerunako rwayo uye humwe hunhu hwemagariro, inokwezva vashanyi vazhinji, kunyangwe paine zvirambidzo zvekupinda. Mimwe mienzaniso yeEcological Tourism munzvimbo dzechisikigo, idzo dzine mitemo yavo yekushandisa yekuve nzvimbo dzekudzivirira uye yakakosha manejimendi.

Zvitsuwa zveGalapagos muEcuador.
Fernando de Noronha National Marine Park muBrazil.
La Selva Biological Station, yakazvimirira OET Biological Reserve muCosta Rica.
Chubut muPatagonia muArgentina.
Pico Duarte uye San Juan de la Maguana National Parks muDominican Republic.
Olmos-Lambayeque muPeru.
Kruger National Park muSouth Africa.
Reserve Park: Maasai Mara, Kenya.
Souss-Massa National Park, Morocco.
Turuépano National Park, Sucre state muVenezuela.
Rio Negro, Amazon.
Tingo Maria National Park, Huánuco muPeru.
Sierra La Macarena muColombia.
Los Nevados National Natural Park, Colombia.
El Yunque National Sango, Puerto Rico.
Crax- Rescue Center muPeru.
Las Estacas-Morelos Natural Park, Mexico.
Guadalupe Island muBaja California, Mexico.
Cerro el Chumil-Jantetelco, muMorelos Mexico.

Fernando de Noronha Island

Zvitsuwa zveBrazil Atlantic zvakazivisa Reserves yeFernando de Noroña neAtoll of the Rocks uye Nzvimbo yeNzvimbo yeNyika neUNESCO muna 2001. Iri mukati memiganhu yenyika yePernambuco muBrazil. Inzvimbo yemakomo anoputika ari muAtlantic Ocean ine nzvimbo ye26 km² uye inoumbwa ne21 zvitsuwa zvisingagarwi uye chete chikuru chezvitsuwa chine vanhu, chine chiyero che17 km.² iyo inodaidzwa zvakafanana neiyo archipelago. Zvimwe zvitsuwa chikamu cheNational Marine Park, saka zvinotenderwa chete kuvashanyira kuti vaite tsvagiridzo.

Zvitsuwa izvi, pamwe chete neAtol das Rocas neAbrolhos, zvinofarirwa zvakanyanya nevakawanda, ndosaka vashanyi vazhinji vachienda kuzvitsuwa kunonyura. Makore 15 apfuura nzvimbo dzokushanya dzakanga dzichiri dzakapfava zvikuru uye dzinokosha, dzakanga dziri dzimba dzokudyira dzemhuri nenzvimbo shoma dzokudyira; mumakore achangopfuura zvivakwa izvi zvakagadziridzwa uye imba dzekutandarira dzakavakwa nebasa rakanangana nevanoda vashanyi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vashanyi vanoshanyira zvitsuwa vanongoenda kunonakidzwa nenzvimbo yekunyura uye kunakidzwa nerunako rwechisikigo, zvisinei nekukanganisa kudiki.

Turuepano National Park

Iyi ipaki yenyika muVenezuela, iri muState of Sucre, kumucheto kwekuchamhembe kweSan Juan uye pamberi peGulf of Paria. Iyi paki yenyika inomira pachena nemapani ayo ane deltaic ane pesvedzero yemugungwa, yakasarudzika muVenezuela. Mangrove ayo, mapaipi uye migero inomira pachena uye nhengo inoremekedzwa yemhuka dzayo ndiyo manatee. Nzvimbo yaro inosvika 72.600 mahekita.

Monteverde Cloud Forest Biological Reserve

The Monteverde Cloud Forest Biological Reserve inzvimbo yakazvimiririra inowanikwa muCosta Rica, mumatunhu ePuntarenas neAjajuela, pamwe neSierra Tilarán. Iyi nzvimbo yakavambwa muna 1972, uye ine nharaunda ye10.500 mahekita, inogamuchira avhareji ye70.000 vashanyi pagore. 90% yenzvimbo inochengeterwa isango remhandara uye mukati meiyo yekuchengetedza iwe unogona kuona 6 ecological zones.

Iyo inoratidzirwa nehukuru hwayo hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana muzvirimwa nemhuka, munzvimbo ino inodarika 2500 marudzi emiti akatsanangurwa, achiratidzira hukuru hwakasiyana hwemhando dzeorchids, zana remhuka dzinoyamwisa, mazana mana emarudzi eshiri, 100 marudzi ezvinokambaira uye amphibians. uye zviuru zvezvipembenene.

La Selva Biological Station

Iyi biological station inoshanyirwa zvakanyanya nenyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana senge herpetologists, botanists, ichthyologists, entomologists uye humwe hunyanzvi. Inowanikwa muPuerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, kuchamhembe kweCosta Rica. Chiteshi chikamu chenzvimbo yakakura yakachengetedzwa, iyo La Selva Dziviriro Zone. Iyi Biological Station inoshanyirwa kuita tsvakiridzo pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvenzvimbo dzinopisa.

Ichi chiteshi chiri mukati meNature Reserve ine nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa ingangoita 15Km² yepakutanga tropical sango. Nzvimbo iyi yakakomberedzwa nenzvimbo dzakapindirwa mune zvekurima uye yakaganhurwa neBraulio Carrillo National Park, iri kuwedzera kweCentral Volcanic Conservation Area. Iyo inzvimbo yakazvimiririra uye inoshandiswa nemuridzi wayo, Sangano reTropical Studies (OET).

Ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi nekuziva hunhu hunoshamisa uye maitiro ekuzvichengeta, uchiverenga zvinotevera zvinyorwa: