Kurima ndeimwe yemaitiro makuru anoitwa mukusimudzira uye kutonga kwezvirimwa mumapindu, izvo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro anoshandiswa pakurapa kwakanaka kwevhu nemiti, pakati pavo Peat inomira pachena, iyo isiri chinhu chinopfuura fetereza ye. zvirimwa, munyaya ino tichakudzidzisa kuti Peat chii uye kuti inoshandiswa sei.
iyo peat
Kurima gadheni ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa nevanhu kuchengetedza zvirimwa zvavo, ivhu nezvimwe. Zvese izvi kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi uye zvinhu zvinodikanwa kuti zvinyatso kudyisa hupfumi hwaamai izvo dzimwe nguva zvinokanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana uye echisikigo anogona kukanganisa kukura kwakanaka kwezvimwe zvirimwa, pakati pavo kushandiswa kwechinhu chinozivikanwa se. peat.
Peat inoenderana ne substrate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kurima chero rudzi rwechirimwa. Iro zita rinobva kune generic yezvakasiyana zvinhu izvo zvinokonzeresa kuenderera kubva mukuora kwemiriwo, zvichienderana zvakajeka nekwakabva kana rudzi rwezvinhu, mukuwedzera iyo inokonzereswa neakasiyana mamiriro ekunze aripo panguva yekuumbwa kwayo, ivo vanozopesvedzera. kuparara kwezvinhu.
Peat deposits dzinozivikanwa se peat bogs, dzinoenderana nelacustrine mabheseni ane glacial mavambo, nekufamba kwenguva ane chirimwa chakaora kana anogona zvakare kuita semvura yakachena peat. Inoenderana neanaerobic media, nekuda kwekunyanya kunyorova uye kushomeka kweokisijeni, zvichiita kuti iyo organic matter iparare zvishoma.
Ifetereza inoshandiswa nevakawanda nhasi nekuti ine hupfumi hwepamusoro, pamusoro pekuve nemamiriro akanaka kune ivhu sekuchengetedza hunyoro uye kupa zvicherwa zvinodiwa pakukura kwechirimwa, ndosaka ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima.
Peat Formation
Tinofanira kusimbisa kuti peat bogs inoenderana nekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa asi izvi zvinoitika chete kana chiyero chekuunganidza chinogona kudarika chiyero che mineralization, zvese izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti ivo vakaumbwa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka kune biodegradation. organic material; inoenderana nekuumbwa kwe sediment kunoungana zvakawandisa nekuda kwekunyorova uye kushomeka kweokisijeni, saka, organic matter inongoora zvishoma.
Miti yacho ine hupenyu hupfupi, inokura nekuda kwekubatsirwa kunopiwa nevhu kusvikira chirimwa chanyatsoumbwa, nekufamba kwenguva mashizha, maruva uye madzinde anorasikirwa nemamiriro azvo, achiwira pasi uye zvakare nekuda kwe kuvapo kwezvipembenene zvakasiyana senge fungi uye zvirwere zvinozviodza, kazhinji rudzi urwu rwechinhu runogona kuwanikwa mumachakwi, manyoro kana imwe nharaunda inofarira kuita kwehutachiona.
Kazhinji mumhando idzi dzenzvimbo mamiriro acho ari kushomeka, saka kuumbwa kwepeat mumhando idzi dzemamiriro kunonoka kana kushomeka, saka zvinotora makore kuumba uye kusvika kune ukobvu hunodiwa. Kuita kuti hurongwa huve hushoma, saka kuunganidzwa kwemarara kunogona kuve nechiyero chegumi chemazana emakore ega ega.
Peat Composition
Peat inoenderana ne substrate inoshandiswa se organic fetireza kupfumisa ivhu uye kufarira ivhu uye kukura kwezvirimwa zvinorimwa, izvi zvinodaro nekuti ine huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri izvo zvinowanzo kufarirwa zvakanyanya ne NKP fetireza. (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium) iyo inogona zvakare kushandiswa pamwe chete nevhu humus.
Pakati pezvakasiyana hunhu hwepeat ndeyekuti ine yakakwira cationic kudyidzana, ichikanganiswa zvakanyanya nepH, ine acidic pakati pe3 kana 4 (blond peat) uye pakati pe7,5 ne8 (black peat), mukuwedzera pakuva nehombe. simba rekuchengetedza mvura, ine nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzepore dzekuunganidzira zvinhu zvinodiwa, zvichibvumira kutenderera kwakanaka kwemhepo uye kutorwa kwemvura kumidzi yechirimwa.
Peat Types
Peat inogona kushandiswa sefetiraiza inotsvakwa zvakanyanya nevanhu pakurima gadheni uye kuita chero mhando yechirimwa. Kuratidzira chokwadi chekuti mamiriro ekunze akadai sekutonhora kwakanyanya, kuderera kwemhepo, kuderera kwemwaranzi uye tembiricha dzakasiyana, zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwechikafu, acid pH, inogona kukonzera kugezwa kwezvimwe zvinhu uye kufarira kubuda kwemarudzi.
Nekuda kweizvi, zvinodikanwa kuve neruzivo rwemhando yepeat uye ivhu mairi ichashandiswa, nekuda kweizvi, maviri makuru marudzi e peat anofanirwa kuratidzwa pazasi:
Nhema nhema
Imhando yepeat inoumbwa munzvimbo dzakaderera zvakare dzakapfuma mumabhesi (pH pakati pe7 ne8). Idzo dzakaora, saka, ruvara rwavo runowanzoita dema dema. Rudzi urwu rwepeat haruna chero chikafu, saka rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kurima marudzi ese emiti semuriwo, kunyangwe maruva uye nemimwe miti; Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inobvumira kukura kwakanaka kwezvirimwa.
Iyo inoonekwa seyakakosha kwazvo organic chikamu chinoshandiswa muzvirimwa zvakasiyana, kazhinji inogona kutorwa kubva kune mamwe matinji emunda wepeat uye kwakabva marudzi evhu reLatvia. Kazhinji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya seedbeds
Blond peat
Iyo blond peat inozivikanwawo seyakakwira peat, nekuti inoumbwa mumitsetse yakakora yemachakwi anowanikwa mumamiriro ekupisa kwakadzikira, aine chiedza chezuva uye nemvura inonaya nguva zhinji, muchidimbu, inotangira munyoro uye mvura zhinji; Nekuda kwezvose izvi, rudzi urwu rwe substrate haruna kusimba mukudya.
pH yayo iasidhi iri pakati pe3 kusvika 4, inogonawo kupa hunyoro hwepamusoro, ichive yakanakira kukura kwechirimwa, nekuti chikafu chinovatendera kuti vakure pasina matambudziko, vachifarira chokwadi chekuisa acidify ivhu, rinova rakanaka. inobatsira pakukura kwemiti inoda asidi, kusanganisira mapepi eJapan uye azaleas. Zvichienderana nemhando yevhu rinoshandiswa mubindu kana muhari, uko chete 40% yeblonde peat inowanzoiswa.
Iyo blond peat inoratidzirwa nekupa huwandu hukuru hwemabhenefiti echirimwa, pakati pezvimiro zvayo chikuru chokwadi chekuchengetedza chikafu chinomira pachena, kunze kwekupa dhigirii reaeration yekuumbwa kwemhando dzezvirimwa. Mukuwedzera, vane porous properties iyo inobvumira kuti muti uwedzere midzi yawo pasina matambudziko uye nokudaro unotora zvose zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha pakukura kwayo.
Zvinokurudzirwa kusanganisa iyi mhando ye peat ne substrates inosimudzira zvimiro zvayo uye hunhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekukura kwakanaka kwechirimwa chose uye nekudaro kuvandudza mamiriro ekugadzira uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa chinowanikwa.
Peat Applications
Peat inoonekwa seyakanyanya kutsvakwa-inotevera substrate kuti ishandiswe munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kunyanya kufambisa kukura kwechirimwa, yakamira kunze kunyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinotevera dzinofanirwa kusimbiswa:
Gardening
Parizvino inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kurima zvakasiyana siyana zvezvirimwa senge cacti, zvakare ferns, maruva, miti, pakati pezvimwe. Kufunga nezvekudya kunowanikwa mune peat inoshandiswa; Inowanzogadzirwa ne nitrogen, inofanana neyo inonyanya kukosha yemiti yekukura kwakanaka kwemiti; ivhu rinowanzova nekurasikirwa kukuru kwechicherwa ichi, saka ivhu rinofanira kuiswa mupfudze nguva dzose; Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti hazvigone kushandiswa kune zvese zvinomera, senge zvinodya nyama, nekuti ivo vanofa nguva yavo isati yasvika.
Peat inoonekwa seyakanakira substrate yekukura zvirimwa, nekuti inochengetedza hunyoro, ichibvumira kushoma kwemvura yekudiridza kudyiwa. Kufarira kukura kwakanaka kwemidzi yese sezvo iri porous material. Pasinei neizvi, zvipingamupinyi zvayo zvinofanira kujekeswa, sekuve munzvimbo dzine chiedza chezuva chakasimba, kana nezhizha rakanyanyisa, rinogona kurasikirwa nehunyoro hwose, munyaya iyi zvinokurudzirwa kugara uchiisa hydrate kuti urege kurasikirwa nezvinhu zvayo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, inowanzove yakasanganiswa ne perlite kana kokonati fiber.
Muchiitiko ichi, kukosha kwayo kunofanirwa kujekeswa kana ichishandiswa mumibhedha yembeu, mapoto uye midziyo, zvichisiyana zvichienderana nehunhu hwayo uye zvicherwa zviripo zvakaita sevhu, vermiculite, jecha kana polystyrene tsanga, zvese nechinangwa chekuvandudza zvese zvayo zvemuviri. Iwe unogona zvakare kukuya nekunyorovesa zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita senitrogen (N), sarufa (S), magnesium (Mg), kana zvimwe zvinoteedzera zvinhu zvakaita se zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), pakati pezvimwe.
Kuvandudzwa kwese kwezvivakwa zvevhu ne peat zvinoenderana nehunhu hweumwe neumwe. Nguva dzose uchifunga nezvemaitiro ayo ekuchengetedza mvura, iyo yakakwirira cation exchange, kuwedzera kune chido chekuwedzera porosity uye kugadzikana kwezvose zvakabatanidzwa, zvichipa chimiro chikuru kune ivhu rose.
Kuchengetwa kweganda
Peat inoenderana neiyo organic matter iyo inoumbwa neboka rezvinomera zvakaora kubva mumachakwi uye manyoro, kunze kwekushandiswa kune ivhu nekuda kwemaitiro ayo akasiyana, zvakare inobatsira zvakanyanya kune hutano hwevanhu, ichishandiswa zvakanyanya pakurapa kwakasiyana. zvirwere uye nokuda kwekuzorodzwa kwemarwadzo, izvi zvose zvinokonzerwa nehupfumi hwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri zvinogona kutorwa neganda. Kushandiswa zvakare seyakasikwa moisturizer.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira: