El toucan ndeweboka reshiri dziri pakati nepakati dzine mabhiri makuru. Mabhiriro avo akagadziridzwa kazhinji ane mavara akajeka uye akareba uye akakora kupfuura misoro yavo. Ramba uchiverenga kuti uzive zvese nezveshiri idzi, toucan ruzivo uye zvimwe zvakawanda
toucan maitiro
Shiri idzi dzine nhevedzano yeminhenga inoyevedza ine muviri une ruvara rwejeti, mutsipa muchena uye mhete yebhuruu kana yeorenji yakatenderedza maziso. Zvakadaro, chimiro chayo chinonyanya kucherechedzwa ihofori yemuromo weyero ine muromo mutema kana yebhuruu, inotaridzika kurema asi ine chiedza zvinoshamisa sezvo mukati mayo mune mhango. Toucans avhareji 60 masendimita pakureba, nemiromo inoyera kusvika 21 cm.
Nenzira iyi zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mhuka imwe neimwe yeboka iri, toucans, ine miromo mikuru uye yakawanda yakareba uye izere nemafungiro. Miromo yedzimwe shiri idzi yakareba semiviri yadzo. Mitsetse yaro yakatsvuka, yegirinhi, orenji, yebhuruu, yero, nhema nezvimwe. Imwe neimwe toucan inosiyana muvara.
Mamwe akanyanya kutema, nepo mamwe aine makwapa eyero, orenji, egirinhi, matsvuku, nezvimwe. Dzinosiyana-siyana muhukuru uye mhando huru ndeye Ini ndinotamba Toucan, inokura kusvika hafu yemamita
Miromo yeToucans inogona kuva chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehurefu hwose hweshiri iyi. Kunyange zvazvo muromo wacho uchiita sewakaoma kubata, kunyange uchirema, wakagadzirwa nebhonzo remuchadenga rakadzivirirwa nekeratin, chikamu chimwe chete chezvipikiri chatinoziva tose.
Shiri dzingangoshandisa uyu mucherechedzo kucherechedzwa kwezvipenyu, sezvo ma toucan mazhinji aine maitiro emuviri akafanana uye mavara, akanyanya dema ane yakadzika mazamu ruvara. Bhiri iri rinotendwawo kuti rinopisa dzimwe shiri, kusanganisira mhunga. Mapapiro eshiri idzi mapfupi uye akatenderedzwa uye muswe unowanzoreba; zvinhu izvi, pamwe chete nebhiri guru, zvinoita kuti zvibhururuke nenzira yakapera.
Mhando dzakasiyana dze toucans
Kune zvisingagumi zvakasiyana-siyana Mhando dzeshiri kufanana netoucan, iyo inosiyana muhukuru kubva pamasendimita gumi kusvika kune inopfuura hafu yemamita kureba. Vanosiyaniswa nezvikwereti zvavo zvakakura, zvine mavara, zvinogona kuva ruvara rumwe chete kana kusanganiswa kwemavara akazaruka uye anoshamisa emhando. MaToucans vanoita imba yavo muSouth neCentral America, zvichibatsira kusango remvura.
Ramphastos: Mukurusa
Iwo ma toucan makuru ndeerudzi urwu uye anombundira akasiyana marudzi anopfuura gumi nemaviri eshiri idzi. Keel-billed Toucan ine bhiri regirini rine mativi matsvuku neorenji; makumbo ayo ebhuruu anopa imwe kubata kweruvara. Kunenge kuzara kwebhiri reshiri iyi senzira dema, kunyange zvazvo pazasi payo paine ruvara rwebhuruu rwakajeka.
Pasinei nezita rayo, mutsvuku wechipfuva chetoucan ane chifukidzo cheamber chinopenya, chinogara paminhenga yakatsvuka yakajeka padumbu rayo; muromo wayo wakasvibira, izvo zvinotsanangura rimwe zita rayo, regirini-billed toucan. Iyo yakakura uye inonyanya kuzivikanwa toucan ndeye toco toucan.
Andigena: MaToucans emakomo
Sezvinoreva zita ravo, aya ma toucans ehukuru hweavhareji anosarudza nzvimbo dzakakwirira, kunyanya, masango anotonhorera epamusoro haciendas eAndes yeSouth America. Iwo ane Grey-breasted Mountain Toucan, Silver-billed Mountain Toucan, Black-billed Mountain Toucan, uye Hooded Mountain Toucan.
Tichitora iwo ekupedzisira semuenzaniso, miviri yavo yekumusoro yakaita yeolive-brown, pamusoro peiyo halo nhema uye yakapetwa ine yero rump. Ose ane minhenga yebhuruu-grey nechepasi pemiviri yadzo, asi miromo yawo inosiyana paruvara.
Imwe yacho inonzi aracarí. Shiri idzi dzine mavara akasiyana-siyanawo ma<em>toucan ari pakati nepakati, ari kunakidzwa noupenyu mumasango anopisa eCentral neSouth America. Kusiyana nemamwe ma<em>toucan, shiri idzi dzinogara dziri mumapoka gore rose, dziine vanhu vakuru vanosvika vatanhatu uye nhiyo duku dzine pokugara. Kune marudzi gumi nemana e aracaris, ose ane minhenga yeruvara uye mabhiri. Iyo curly-crested aracari inosiyaniswa nekupenya kwayo minhenga yakamonana pakorona yayo; mapeni anotaridzika uye anonzwa kunge epurasitiki.
Aracari inonzi aracari ine muromo muhombe une orenji inopenya kumusoro uye mutema pazasi. Maziso ake eruvara rweruvara rwakatsvuka pamusoro peminhenga mitema iri mumusoro make uye anoratidza mumvuri mutema wakasiyana pachipfuva chake pachipfuva chake cheyero uye pamusoro pemutsara mutsvuku padumbu rake.
Green Toucans uye Dichromatic Toucans
Green toucans anogara mumasango anotonhorera eSouth America uye mumakwenzi ane makomo. Iwo madiki toucans, akareba masendimita makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana uye ane minhenga yakasvibira nemiromo. Mhando dzegreen toucan dzinosanganisira crimson-rumped toucan, brown-tipped toucan, blue-banded toucan, groove-billed toucan, yellow-browed toucan, uye emerald toucan.
Emerald toucan ine nhanhatu subspecies yema toucans mumhuri yayo. Dichromatic toucans anowanzo kunamatira kumasango anogara achinaya mvura muSouth America. Aya marudzi eminhenga yakasvibira akamira uye anodya ari ega kana maviri maviri. Mhando dzema dichromatic toucan dzinosanganisira Guiana toucan, golden-necked toucan, Langsdorff's kana green-billed toucan, tawny-haired toucan, pointed-billed toucan, yellow-eared toucan, uye Gould's toucan.
Chii chinonzi kugoverwa uye pekugara kwetoucan?
Mhando dzose dzakasiyana-siyana dzeshiri idzi dzinogara muCentral neSouth America. Ivo vanogara chero nzvimbo yenzvimbo dzakataurwa dzatove nesango rinopisa. Mapoka akasiyana anogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kunyangwe mamwe marudzi ane mitsara inopindirana. Mhando dzakawanda dzine kugoverwa kwakakura uye dzinogara munyika dzakawanda. Vamwe vanongogara munzvimbo diki iri yoga uye mhuka idzi kazhinji ndidzo dzinonyanya kutyisidzira zviitiko zvevanhu.
Kunyange zvazvo kune mapoka akasiyana-siyana ema toucans, ose anogara mumhando dzakafanana dzekugara. Vanoda sango, kunyanya avo vari munzvimbo dzinopisa munzvimbo dzinopisa dzine mvura yakawanda. Dzimwe dzeshiri idzi dzinogara musango chete. Mukati mesango rinopisa, shiri idzi dzinogara pamusoro pemiti mirefu zvikurusa, sezvo dzichigona kuwana zvokudya zvose zvadzinoda munzvimbo idzi.
Toucan Behaviors
Miromo yakafaranuka yematoucan inobatsira kuwana zvinhu zvawaisazowana. Inoshandiswawo kupatsanura chikafu chavo uye kuchengetedza zvikara kure. Toucans anowanzoonekwa ari vaviri vaviri kana mapoka emhuri madiki. Pakubhururuka, zvinochinjana pakati pemakumbo anokurumidza makumbo ane mapapiro mapfupi, akatenderedzwa uye achibhururuka. Nesting ndeyemwaka, asi nguva inosiyana pakati pematunhu.
Dendere racho rinowanzoiswa pakakwirira mumuti uye rine gomba, rinenge chikamu charo chinocherwa neshiri dzine vabereki pachavo. Yakarekodhwawo kuti inogara mumakomba mumahombekombe evhu uye matendere emujuru. MaToucan anowanzo kuungana mumapoka makuru uye vachipopotedzana zvine mutsindo neruzha, nhare dzavo dzichienderana nekukurumidza kukwira kumusoro kwemabhiri avo.
Mhando dzose dzetoucan dzakasiyana, asi ruzhinji rwema toucans vanodya zvikuru. Dzinogara mumapoka, anozivikanwa seshiri dzakawanda. Mhomho dzeshiri dze<em>toucan dzinopedza mazuva adzo dzichidzungaira pamusoro pemiti dzichitsvaka zvokudya uye dzichidanidzira kune imwe neimwe kune imwe neimwe. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti shiri idzi dzine murume mumwe chete uye dzinoramba dzichiberekana gore negore. Maziso akawanda anonyanya kushanda pakuona zvikara zvingangoita.
MaToucan ari pakati peshiri dzemusango dzine ruzha zvikurusa; repertoire yavo inosanganisira kurira kukuru, manzwi ehwamanda, uye squawks dzakakasharara. Mhuka hombe dzinogara padenga remuti uye dzinoshevedzera zvikuru dzinoperekedzwa nekufamba kusina kurongeka kwemusoro nebhiri.
Mazwi anoita sekufona kwerally kunokwezva mapoka eshiri kunzvimbo dzakanaka dzekupa chikafu. Aya manzwi anoitawo seanoshanda mukuzivikanwa kwezvipenyu, sezvo mapoka ane hukama ematoucan anogara munzvimbo imwechete ane mafoni akasiyana zvakasiyana.
Nzira yekuberekesa inoitika sei?
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeshiri idzi dzine maitiro akasiyana ekubereka, asi dzakafanana mukuita uye mwero wekukura. Mhuka dzese dzinogara pakati pe concavities muhunde dzemiti. Zvichienderana nerudzi urwu, dzimwe dzinokandira zai rimwe chete, nepo dzimwe dzinokandira kusvika mazai mashanu. Mazai anochechenywa mumavhiki maviri kusvika matatu nehafu. Manhiyo achangochechenywa anotanga kubhururuka kana ava nemavhiki matanhatu kusvika masere ekuberekwa.
El toucan life cycle Zvakajairika ndezvegore. Mushure mekusangana, mukadzi anowanzo kukandira mazai maviri akachena echando mazuva mashoma mushure mekusangana. Mwana anochochonya asina kupfeka uye ari bofu mushure memazuva gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri uye anogara mudendere kwemavhiki matanhatu, achichengetwa nevabereki vese. Pakurara, toucan inotenderedza musoro wayo kuitira kuti muromo wayo murefu ugare kumusana wayo, yopeta muswe wayo murefu zvakanaka pamusoro pemanyana.
Panzvimbo pezvo, vanowana matendere ekare ehuni kana kuti makomba chaiwo anoumbwa nemapazi emiti akarasika. Mazai maviri kana mana anopenya ane ruvara rwesinou anoiswa mugomba risina mutsetse, umo vabereki vose vanochinjana kuayamwisa. Incubation inotora kubva pamazuva gumi nemashanu kusvika kumasvondo manomwe kana kudarika mune mamwe marudzi. Vana vanochechenya vasina kupfeka vane mapedhi mahombe pazvitsitsinho zvawo.
Ivo vanoshaya bhiri rakakura, asi vanorikura kusvika kumagumo panguva yavo mudendere. Pashure pemazuva anenge 50, nhiyo dzinotanga kugara dzoga. Mapoka emhuri anogona kugara pamwe chete kwenguva yakareba, sezvo shiri duku dzakawanda dzinowanzoonekwa gore rose.
Kudyidzana pakati pe toucans nevanhu
Mhando dzakawanda dzetoucan dzine hutano hwevanhu, asi hazvirevi kuti hadzisi pangozi. Kunyanya mune mamwe matunhu, vanhu vari kuparadza sango rinonaya mvura yakawanda pamwero unotyisa. Pasina nzvimbo yadzo yesango rinonaya mvura yakawanda, huwandu hweshiri dzinokosha idzi hunoderera.
Vanhu vanotorawo akawanda akasiyana marudzi eToucans kune ekunze kutengeswa kwezvipfuyo. Mamwe marudzi akawandisa uye saka haanyanyi kukanganiswa, asi kune mamwe, kuita kwevanhu kunonyanya kukuvadza.
Kuva netoucan zviri pamutemo here?
Kuchengeta shiri iyi muhusungwa hazvisi pamutemo pese pese. Mune dzimwe nyika, kutengeserana kwavo kunodziviswa zvakasimba uye varidzi vemhuka idzi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nzira chete yekutevedzera mutemo uye kuramba uchinakidzwa nekubatana neshiri dzinoshamisa idzi kuve kuve nezita kubva kunzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka inoremekedza macode anodiwa.
Kazhinji, toucans haigadziri mhuka dzakanaka. Ishiri dzakangwara nenzira yakafanana uye, padzinochengetwa munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka, dzinoda matoyi akawanda akasiyana-siyana nemikana yezvokudya.
Keji yetoucan inofanira kucheneswa sei?
Chii chinonzi chikafu chetoucan?
Kunyange zvazvo rudzi rumwe norumwe rwakasiyana, toucans mazhinji anodya kunyanya michero, izvo zvinoita kuti ive imwe yevanodya zvakanyanya zverudzi urwu rwechikafu. Zvisinei, kana mukana wacho wamuka, dzimwe nguva dzinodya mhuka duku kana mazai. Vanodya zvinhu zvose kubva kumatatya netumbuyu kusvika kune zvinokambaira neshiri duku. Zvisinei, 90% yezvokudya zvavo ine michero. Muchokwadi, kune mamwe marudzi emiti anovimba nema toucan kuparadzira mbeu dzawo nekudya michero yawo.
Kana ichidyisa, toucan inowana chikafu nebhiri rayo ine mupendero wakatsetseka uye inofanira kukanda musoro wayo kumashure isati yamedza. MaToucan zvakare zvikara zvezviri mumatendere eshiri dzinoimba, achidya mazai nemanhiyo. Pakudyisa, toucans inoumba masangano makuru emarudzi maviri kana kupfuura anotsvaka miti yemichero.
Zvirwere zvinowanzoitika muToucans
Shiri idzi hadzina hupenyu hurefu hwakakwana, kunyanya kana dzichigara dzakavharirwa mumakeji. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti vanogona kutambura nenhevedzano yezvirwere zvakanyanya:
- Kudzura minhenga: Kana toucan ikangoerekana yaonekwa ichidzura minhenga isingadzoreki, ichi chiratidzo chekuti inogona kunge iine utachiona pakati peminhenga inoda kuwanikwa uye kupedzwa. Inogonawo kuva nekuda kwekunetseka mupfungwa kana kudya kwakaderera zvikuru mumaminerari.
- Hemosiderosis: Icho chirwere chinowanzoitika mu toucans uye chikonzero chikuru chekufa kwavo kwepamusoro. Zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwesimbi mune dzimwe nhengo dzako neropa. Panyaya yekukurumidza kuonekwa, inogona kugadziriswa, asi ikasaongororwa, inogona kuwedzera.
- Hemochromatosis: Idhigirii rakaipisisa rechirwere chiri pamusoro apo pane kuunganidzwa kwesimbi mune dzimwe nhengo uye izvi zvinokonzeresa kuti dzisashande uye unogona kunge uine matambudziko nemoyo wako kana neimwe yenhengo inoshanda nemazvo. Kana uine zvirwere zvakanyanya, shiri inofa mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana.
- Peak Fracture: Kazhinji "chirwere" chinowanzoitika mumatoucans, sezvo vachishandisa muromo wavo kunenge chinhu chose uye vanogona kuutyora kana kuubvisa nekufamba kwakashata, sekutaura. Kufanana, semuenzaniso, kuishandisa kurova madziro kana kuita kwakashata.
- Joint gout: kungofanana nevanhu, toucans inogonawo kurwara negout. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekushayikwa kweprotein, mineral uye calcium. Nokudaro, vanofanira kugamuchira vhitamini uye anti-inflammatory supplements, kudzivisa kushungurudzika kweshiri nguva dzose.
- Avian pseudotuberculosis: Inonyanya kukanganisa rudzi urwu rweshiri uye ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekufa kweshiri iyi nekuda kwekuita kwakanyanya mushure mekuita pamuviri kwenguva yakati. Inouraya kushiri uye zviratidzo zvinosanganisira chiropa chakakura, ascites uye mabayo.
- Kutonhora MaToucan ishiri dzakasimba kwazvo, asi hadzina kusununguka kubva kuchando. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti keji iri munzvimbo yainogashira dhizaini. Inogona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mumvura.
Chii chinofanira kuitwa kusimudza Toucan?
Munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka, toucans inoda matanda akasiyana-siyana uye nzvimbo yakawanda yekubhururuka. Musango, vanogara munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwepamusoro uye zvirimwa zvakawanda, saka nzvimbo dzadzo dzinofanira kudzokorora nzvimbo iyi. Idzi ishiri dzakangwara dzinobudirira kana dziine matoyi akasiyana-siyana, mafidhi, uye chirongwa chekudzidzisa chekusimudzira. Vanochengetedza mhuka vanovadyisa michero yakasiyana-siyana, zvipembenene, uye dzimwe nguva zvipuka zviduku kana mazai.
Toucan inofanira kupihwa tembiricha iri pakati pe17°C kusvika 26°C uye inoteerana mwando wepamusoro kusvika pa67%. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti toucan ishiri dzinopisa uye dzinofanirwa kuchengetwa dziri padyo nekwadzinogara sezvinobvira. MaToucans anonyanya kudya miriwo, asi anoda mamwe mapuroteni emhuka mukudya kwavo, ayo munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo inotorwa kubva kune zvipembenene, madzvinyu madiki, nhiyo, uye mamwe makonzo.
Nheyo yekudya kwavo michero, inoteverwa nemiriwo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ma toucan ane kachubhu kadiki kekudya uko chikafu chinoramba chiripo kwenguva pfupi, saka vanofanirwa kudya zvakanyanya hydrating semichero. Pakati pezvibereko zvakanyanya kudiwa zve toucans tinogona kuwana: bhanana, papaya, apuro (isina mbeu), pear, melon, mango, pakati pevamwe.
Dzinofanira kuva 2 kana 3 centimita (1 inch) muhupamhi, yakagadzirwa nemupunga wakabikwa, karoti, cucumber, nembatatisi, kuwedzera kudya kwemuchero wetoucan. Izvi zvidiki zvekuwedzera zvinofanirwa kupota zvichisanganisira chidimbu chenyama yepasi kuti vaenzanise kudya kwavo uye kuita kuti ive yakafanana neye toucan musango. Toucans inofanira kuva nemvura yakachena nguva dzose.
Hutsanana uye kucheneswa kweaviary ye toucan kunofanirwa kuve nehungwaru kudzivirira kusagadzikana, asi haifanirwe kuitwa neyakajairwa yekuchenesa imba zvigadzirwa. Magetsi asingakuvadzi shiri idzi anofanira kushandiswa. Toucans inogona kurwiswa nemaparasite; pakadaro zvichave zvakakodzera kubvunza kune exotic mhuka veterinarian pamusoro pechigadzirwa chakanyanya kukodzera kubatsira shiri idzi.
Kutyisidzirwa kwakatambudzwa neToucan
Kutyisidzirwa kumatoucan hakuna kusiyana nemaparrots. Kutaura idi, nzvimbo yaro yokugara yakaganhurirwa zvikuru uye nhamba duku yezvipenyu, zvishanu bedzi, zvinoita kuti kurarama kwayo kuve tyisidziro huru zvikuru. Kurasika kwekugara nekuda kwekuderedzwa uye kusikwa kusina pfungwa kweminda yekurima, kunyanya muAmazon, kutyisidzira kwakajairika.
Toucan inovhimwa nokuda kwejira rakapfuma rinogoverwa neminhenga yaro, rine ukoshi hukuru hwokutengesa. MaToucans anotonyanya kuipa semhuka dzinovaraidza kupfuura dzimwe shiri senge Yellow Cardinal vachifa nokuparadzwa. Sezvo dziri shiri dzemusango dzakadzika, dzinobatwa nezvirwere zvinobva mukuvapo kwevanhu kamwe kamwe munharaunda yavo.
Ruzivo rwakakosha nezve toucans
Kune akawanda akasiyana uye ane nyasha mapoka ema toucans uye aracaris. Imwe neimwe yakasiyana uye inonakidza, saka zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinonakidza nezveshiri dzakasiyana kubva kumapoka akasiyana-siyana aripo zvinoratidzwa pazasi.
- Choco Toucan: El Chocó yakafanana, asi isina ruvara, pane yakafanana El Toco. Zita rekuti "Choco" rinoreva masango anogarwa neshiri idzi. Choco toucans anogara muChoco rainforests.
- Black-necked Aracari: mhando iyi ine minhenga mitema uye dumbu reyero rakajeka. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, pahuro pacho pakasviba. Nepakati nepakati pedumbu rayo reyero, ine mutsetse wakakora weminhenga mitsvuku yakajeka. Aya mavara akasiyana zvakanyanya pamwe ndimo makawana shiri iyi zita remadunhurirwa, Aracari yakaisvonaka.
- Yero-browed Toucanet: shiri iyi ine minhenga yegirinhi uye “tsiye” dzeyero dzakajeka pamusoro pemaziso. Vanogara muchikamu chidiki chesango rinonaya mvura zhinji muPeru. Sezvineiwo varimi vanoshandisa nzvimbo iyi kurima mbesa dzecoca uye kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo iyi kuri kuita kuti shiri idzi dziparare. Nokudaro inorongwa se mungozi toucan.