La leatherback yegungwa turtle, imhando yemhuka dzinokambaira dzinoenderana nehombe dzekamba dzemugungwa. Haina goko rebhonzo, inokwanisa kuyera kudarika mamita maviri pakureba uye uremu hwayo hunodarika 2 kilograms. Inowanikwa mukati memakungwa ese uye kukwanisa kuiwana rwendo rwakanaka.
leatherback yegungwa turtle
La leatherback sea turtle, nesainzi inozivikanwa pasi pezita rekuti "Dermochelys coriacea", inorondedzerwa mubiology se dermochelid reptile, yemhuri yeDermochelyidae. Zvinozivikanwa kuti yerudzi rwayo Dermochelys, parizvino ndiye ega akapona. MuLatin America yese inozivikanwa nemazita e leatherback turtle, leatherback, canaá, cardón kana leatherback, pakati pevamwe.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kune yakanyoreswa gungwa turtles, iyi ndiyo inovandudza kureba uye uremu hukuru. Uko marekodhi akasimbisa kuyerwa kwehurefu kupfuura 2 metres. Zvakare huremu hunodarika 900 kilograms, zvese muvarume.
Izvo zvinoita kuti ive yechina inokambaira ine hukuru hukuru, mushure mekunge nzvimbo nhatu dzekutanga dzakagarwa nehama dzayo dzengwena:
- Mvura yemunyu Crocodylus pososus.
- YeNairi (Crocodylus niloticus).
- Uye Orinoco (Crocodylus intermedius).
Huremu hwehuremu hwekamba yeganda kazhinji hunosvika 600 kilogiramu. Nezve kukura kwayo, inoratidzwa nekuvepo mumakungwa ese, ichifarira tropical, subtropical uye subpolar makungwa. Inoratidzwa nekuve mhuka inotama inokwanisa kufamba nzendo dzisingafungidzike nekumhanya kukuru uye kunopesana nezvino.
Mukuwedzera, zvinoshamisa, masayendisiti ane maonero ekuti inokwanisa kugadzira kupisa kwemuviri wayo. Nekuti ine peculiarity kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri ye18 ° C yakakwirira kupfuura tembiricha yemvura pairi.
Kana iri nhanho yake yekutyisidzira, ndiko kuti, Kupera kwemarudzi, kamba yeganda, maererano neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature kana kuti IUCN. Inoiswa mu "Red List" yekutsakatika, pasi pechikamu che "Vulnerable". Imo munhu uye maitiro ake anomiririra njodzi yake huru.
Zita rako rinobvepi?
Kana uchitarisa zvainazvo kune goko rayo, iro risiri bhonzo, asi chidimbu chetishu kana ganda nemafuta, umo mitsetse minomwe inopenya yakamisikidzwa parutivi urwu inosiyaniswa zvakajeka. Zvinoyeuchidza zvinotsanangurwa nelute, chiri chiridzwa chemumhanzi cheArab.
Ichi chiridzwa, uyezve, chinopiwa nebhokisi reoval, rine mutsipa mupfupi uye tambo dzinofanira kudzurwa. Kuve ipapo zvese izvi seti yehunhu kana chitarisiko, izvo zvakashamisa zvakapa zita kune iyi yakasarudzika yegungwa turtle.
Taxonomic Classification yeLeatherback Sea Turtle
Mupfungwa iyi, iyo taxonomic classification ndiyo ine basa rekukodzera nesainzi zvisikwa zvese zviripo. Kuve yakakosha kune izvi, kurongedza kufanana kwavo, pamwe neiyo phylogenetic kuswedera. Zvichitevera izvo zve leatherback sea turtle, maererano nenyanzvi yezvakatipoteredza yeFrance, nyanzvi yemhuka uye anatomist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, mugore ra1816, kupatsanurwa kwayo kunotevera:
- Animalia Kingdom
- Kumucheto: Chordata
- Kirasi: Sauropsida
- Order: Testudines
- Suborder: Cryptodira
- Mhuri: Dermochelyidae
- Genus: Dermochelys
Kubva kune iyo mhando ye "Dermochelys coriacea", inobva kumakore apfuura neItaly naturalist, Domenico Agostino Vandelli, chaizvo kubva 1761.
Hugaro hweTurtles idzi
La leatherback sea turtle, ine hunhu hwekuwanikwa mune dzinenge nyanza dzese, zvichiratidza kuti inogona kunge iri mumvura ine tembiricha inodziya. Semvura yakadzika kwazvo tembiricha, pasina ichi kana kumiririra kusagadzikana mumaitiro ayo enguva dzose.
Zvakajairika kuiwana munzvimbo dzinopisa, subtropical uye subpolar seas. Naizvozvo, inorongwa seiyo ine kugovera kukuru. Zvakasiyana, hazvisi nyore kuti zvionekwe, nekuti ivo havawanzo kusvika pamusoro, iri iyo inonyanya kufarira kudzika, kazhinji inodarika 1.000 metres kuenda pasi.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kuenderera kwayo kuchengetedza kupisa kwemuviri ndiko kunoita kuti ikwanise kukura nenzira iyi, ichizvinyora pachayo seyo yega reptile inochengetedza maitiro anoshanda pakudziya kuri pasi pe40 degrees Fahrenheit kana 4,44 degrees Celsius.
Leatherback Turtle Characteristics
Ichi chikara chine simba chinosiyaniswa nekuva nehunhu hunotevera, hunoti:
- Zvose ganda rayo negoko rayo "risiri-bony" dema kana rima grey, rine mavara machena kana akajeka epingi. Nekuita kuti ruvara urwu runowedzera kubva kumusoro kusvika kune zvimbi zvekumashure.
- Iyo yakaoma yeganda layer (shell) yakatetepa uye ine rubbery, yakashongedzwa nezviuru zvemabhoni madiki ma plates.
- Iine zvimbi zviviri zvakakura zvemberi zvinokwanisa kusvika paavhareji yemamita 2,7 pakureba, kubva kumagumo kusvika kumagumo, muvarume vane mukurumbira.
- Zvimbi zvayo zvekumberi hazvina makwara kana makwande uye zvimbi zvekumashure zvine mamwe maumbirwo epadhamu.
- Izvo zvinotaridzika sedeko re leatherback sea turtle ingori ganda uye mafuta, akapihwa neanomwe akanyatso-accentuated keels kana kupatsanurwa.
- Inogona kusvika kureba kwemamita 2,3 uye huremu hunosvika 900 kilogram.
- Iyo leatherback turtle haina mazino, asi kuti inopinza mipendero kana cusps yakanangidzirwa kumusana, yakafanana neminzwa. Izvozvo zvinomubatsira, kutora zvinomera zvomugungwa uye kubata mhuka yake kusvikira yaidya zvachose.
- Huro yaro ine maburi anonongedza mukati, izvo zvinoita kuti iite nyore kuti ipedze kumedza chikafu.
Zvimwe Zvinozivikanwa Zvimiro
Kunze kwehunhu hwakatoratidzwa, pane zvinotevera, zvine basa rekutaura, izvi ndezvi:
- Inosiyana nekuve chikara chinokurumidza.
- Chimiro chechimiro chemuviri wayo ndicho chinoita kuti ifambe ichimhanya zvakanyanya, pamwe nekupesana nezvino.
- Inonyura kusvika pakadzika 1.280 metres, ichigara pasi pemvura kwemaminetsi makumi masere nemashanu. Kubuda chete kunofema chero paanenge anzwa kudikanwa mukati menguva iyoyo kana kuti paanosvika pamuganhu wekutsungirira.
- Zvinofungidzirwa kuti leatherback sea turtle ine hupenyu hurefu hunosvika makore makumi masere, asi kukosha uku kungofungidzira nekuti kusvika parizvino nhamba yakadai haisati yazivikanwa nekururama. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune avo vanosimbisa kuti anorarama makore anosvika 80, pachawo, chokwadi cheavhareji yezera rake chinhu chakavanzika.
- Iyo leatherback yegungwa turtle ine hunhu hunoshamisa hwekuwanikwa mumakungwa ese, ichifarira mvura dzinopisa, dzinopisa uye dzepasi pemvura kana makungwa.
- Parizvino, ndiyo yega yakasara yerudzi rwayo Dermochelys.
- Iyo inoratidzirwa nekukwanisa kuchengetedza kupisa kwemuviri wayo ne 18 ° C pamusoro pekupisa kwemvura pairi.
- Icho chikamu che mhuka dzinotama, kuratidza kugona kwakakwana kufamba madaro asingafungidziriki.
- Hono hadzimbouyi kumahombekombe, nepo hadzi dzinongodaro kana dzava kuda kukandira mazai. Kuve hunhu hweusiku, kuti gare gare kudzokera kugungwa.
Leatherback Turtle Kudyisa
Nekuti iyo leatherback sea turtle Iine shaya yakapfava, chikafu chayo chekudya chinobva pajellyfish kana jellyfish, iyo ine gelatinous body. Uyewo akawanda marine algae.
Kunze kweizvi, kana sechikafu chekuwedzera, ine chechipiri sarudzo pakati padzo dzinoti:
- Hove duku.
- Macrustaceans, akadai semakanje, prawns, shrimp, uye barnacles.
- Urchins yegungwa.
- Hozhwa.
- Calamari, pakati pevamwe.
Kubva kwatine data, kuti muzuva rimwe chete inokwanisa kudya uremu hwayo mujellyfish, zvinoreva kuti inogona kudya kusvika makumi mashanu emhuka idzi dzemugungwa. Izvo zviri pachena zvinobatsira mukuenzanisa kwezvisikwa, nokuti nekuchengetedza, zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza hove.
Kuyeuka kuti jellyfish ine basa rekudya hove duku, zvichiita kuti mune ramangwana ive isina kukwana hove. Asi izvi hazviitike nekuda kwekupindira uye zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa zve leatherback turtle, iyo inodya huwandu hwakawanda hweizvi zuva nezuva.
Kuberekwazve kweZvisikwa izvi
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kubereka zera, ndiko kuti, umo leatherback sea turtle inosvika pakukura kwepabonde, inenge pamakore gumi ehupenyu. Kusangana kweizvi kunoitika mugungwa uye kunoitwa nekamba yemukadzi makore matatu kana mana ega ega. Kunyangwe hazvo paine zvidzidzo zvinopokana negwaro iri, vachiti vanogona kurimhanyisa gore negore.
Ivo vanozivikanwa nekuva mhuka dzebarika, izvo zvinoreva kuti kamba yechikadzi inorara nevarume vakati wandei, izvo zvinoitwa nesainzi kuti uwane urume hwemhando yepamusoro. Kana vakadzi vasangana, vanoenda kumhenderekedzo yegungwa rimwe chete kwavakazvarwa, kunokandira mazai.
Iyi tsika, iyo inoitwa usiku, inova nguva iyo vanogona kutsungirira tembiricha yepakati, apo vakadzi vanochera mujecha uye vanobereka. Ipapo ivo vanovafukidza nejecha, vachigadzira nzvimbo kuti varege kukanganiswa nezvikara uye ivo vachadzokera kugungwa.
Mukuberekesa ichave nekukwanisa kukandira mazai anodarika zana, ayo angangoita mazai makumi manomwe anenge ari makuru uye akanyanya kuorera. Nepo mamwe ese, kunze kwekunge ane saizi diki, haana mbereko, ari iwo anozopa dziviriro kune avo vachave nemukana wekuchechenya.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti kupisa kwedendere ndiko kunosimbisa hutano hwecheche. Imo, pakupisa kwepamusoro, vakadzi vanochochonya, nepo munzvimbo inotonhorera kana kutonhora, varume vanochochonya. Nguva yekuzvambarara inosvika mazuva makumi matanhatu, apo vana vanochochonya vanopwanya goko voenda kugungwa nenzira dzavo. Kurwa kuti usadyiwa neshiri nezvinokambaira.
Leatherback Behaviour
La leatherback sea turtle inosiyaniswa nekuva mhuka inokambaira ine kuita iri yoga. Pasinei nehukuru hwayo, hairatidzi zviratidzo zvechisimba. Mafambiro adzo akajairika pamberi pevanhu, saka pese painosvika imwe yeiyi kumahombekombe, zvinokwanisika kuiongorora. Kungofanana nekuibata, kuiyera uye kunyange kuitarisa.
Chokwadika, nzira bedzi yokudzivirira inorangarirwa ndeyokugara kure zvishoma neshaya yake, nokuda kwokungwarira kana kuti kungwarira. Saka vashanyi ndivo vanotanga kunakidzwa kana mumwe wavo asvika kumahombekombe. Nokuti inoumba mukana wavanogona kuicherechedza, voitora mapikicha uye voswedera pedyo nayo kuti vaibate pasina iyo inomirira ngozi inofanira kuongororwa.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti, mugungwa, varatidze maitiro akafanana akadzikama kune kuvepo kwevanhu, yekuvimba uye runyararo. Nekune rumwe rutivi, maererano nekubatana kana maitiro ayo pakati pemhando imwe chete, inofanirwa kuve nekusangana kwakasiyana uye kwemaminetsi mashoma.
Apo maitiro ake anoreva kuti anowanzosangana nekusangana chete panguva yekubatana. Nekuda kwekuzorora inofarira kuva yega, kudzikama, kutsvaga chikafu uye kufamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe pasina chero chinorambidzwa.
Latent Kutyisidzira kune Leatherback Turtles
Idzi mhando dzemhuka dzine sekutyisidzira kwayo kukuru chikara chakaipisisa, chinova munhu, kwaunofanira:
- Inosvibisa mvura nemarara anozopedzisira atora hupenyu hwavo, nekuti nekudya bhegi, uchifunga kuti ijellyfish kana chimwe chinhu, zvinokonzeresa rufu.
- Inounganidza mazai akazvarwa kuti aidye zvakanyanya seaphrodisiac kana sechikafu chekudya.
- Zvinosvibisa mahombekombe egungwa panoenda nekamba hadzi kunokandira mazai.
- Nemarambi ari pedyo nemahombekombe egungwa, anovhiringa vana vanochochonya, avo panzvimbo pokunanga kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, vanonanga kumigwagwa kwavanomhanyiswa.
Kune rimwe divi, kune kutyisidzira kwechisikigo, pakati pezvinotevera zvinosiyaniswa:
- Vana vanochochonya vane basa rinenge risingaite kuti vararame parwendo rwavo rwekusvika kugungwa, nekuti munzira dzavo dzakasiyana siyana. Mhando dzeshiri, zvinokambaira zvakaita semadzvinyu, mongoose uye kunyange mapere. Vese vari kutarisira mabiko akanakisa, izvo zvisingavatenderi kuti vararame vazhinji.
- Kana vana vanochochonya vakwanisa kusvika kugungwa, ngozi yacho hairegi kuvavhundutsa, nokuti dzimwe mhuka dzinokara dzakavamirira. Sezvakaita shark nehove huru dzinosanganisira idzi dzichangochochonywa mukudya kwadzo.
- Vakuru leatherback turtles vanewo vaurayi vadzo, kusanganisira hombe shark nemhondi whale.
Kuparara Leatherback Sea Turtle
La leatherback sea turtle, inoumba mhuka iri pa "Red List" yeInternational Union for Conservation of Nature kana IUCN, pasi pechikamu chinosiririsa che "Vulnerable" yekutsakatika. Kuva ipapo, sezvikonzero zvikuru, zvinotevera:
- Kurasika kwekugara kwavo, kuburikidza nekupindira kwevanhu, panguva yaanopinda munharaunda yake nekuvakwa kwehotera dzehotera. Apo hadzi inobatwa zvakanyanya, pakutsvaga nzvimbo yakakodzera yekukandira mazai ayo.
- Kusvibiswa kwemvura yemugungwa, apo munhu anopindirawo pashure pokunge abvumira marara akawanda kuti asvike kumhenderekedzo uye anozvuzvurudzwa pashure pokunge apinda uye kunotevera kubviswa kwenguva dzose kwegungwa. Tsvina huru inobata mabhegi epurasitiki, iyo, kana iri mumvura, turtle yeganda inovhiringidza nejellyfish, iyo ndiyo kudya kwayo kukuru. Saka inodzidya uye inofa, kunze kwekuve dambudziko rakakura kune zvakatipoteredza.
- bycatch, iyo turtle iyi inobatwa nayo kana ichinge yabatwa nenzira isingatsananguriki pakati pemambure. Kana dzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa dzichitorwa kutengeserana kunoitwa nemunhu. Nekune rimwe divi, kune zvakare akasiiwa network, uko vanobatikana kusvika varasikirwa nehupenyu.
- kuba mazai avo, uko tsika iyi yakaumba hunhu hwechivanhu, hunoitwa nemunhu. Mune izvo vamwe vanozviita kuti vazvidye, vamwe vachizviita pamwero mukuru kuti vazvitengese pane inonzi "musika mutema". Nekuda kwekukodzera kwavakaita pairi kuve ane simba aphrodisiac. Tichifunga kuti kutengeswa uku hakusi pamutemo zvachose, asi kunoramba kuchiitwa pasina kutonga uye kubviswa nevakuru vane hunyanzvi.
State of Conservation kana Zvibvumirano
Parizvino pa leatherback sea turtle, mune izvo zvinoreva Animal Protection Agencies yeUnited States of America, inorongwa nemutsara wemarudzi "Endangered". Zvinoreva kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera inenge iri panjodzi huru yekurega kuvapo.
Izvi hazvisiyaniswe neizvo International Union for Conservation of Nature yakatangwa. Izvo zvinozviisa pa "Red List", pasi pechikamu che "Vulnerable", kune izvo zvine hukama kune dzimwe nyika. Izvo zvechokwadi zvakare hazviregi kumiririra njodzi yekuvapo kwayo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune zvibvumirano kana zvibvumirano, zvinogonawo kusimbiswa sezvibvumirano pasi rose, apo "Dermochelys coriacea" inopiwa kuchengetedzwa kwavanoda. Zvose mune izvo zvinonyanya kureva kubata hove netsaona, pamwe nekusiiwa kwemarara nevashanyi kana vashanyi pamahombekombe.
Zvisinei, iyi inhau yehana yomunhu kana kuti kunzwisisa. Nekuti kuita bhizimusi rekubata hove hazvidi kukanganisa dzimwe mhuka. Kungofanana nekunakidzwa nezuva pamahombekombe, hazvifanirwe kuona zvakatipoteredza semarara emarara, nekuda kwekureruka uye kusaita basa rekusashandisa mudziyo wakakodzera.
Ndicho chikonzero nei, zvinosuruvarisa, zvibvumirano kana zvibvumirano zvichange zvisina basa kana chiitiko, chero bedzi ari munhu ari kushayikwa kubva kune ecosystem. Zvakare nekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zvePlanet Earth.
Muenzaniso Kunyoresa
Iyo registry parizvino inotungamirwa ne leatherback sea turtle munyika yose, rinopa kuti kuvapo kwevanhu vari pakati pe20.000 30.000 ne1982 115.000 vemarudzi acho kunofungidzirwa. Iyi nhamba inotyisa kana ichienzaniswa nemashoko esayenzi akapiwa mugore raXNUMX, uko kuvapo kweXNUMX XNUMX vaivava kwakafungidzirwa.
Tichifunga ipapo, kuti vaongorori vakasiyana-siyana uye vesainzi vanofungidzira kuti munguva yaizotenderera makore makumi matatu, uyu ega mupukunyuki wezvipenyu zvake angave atsakatika kubva pasirese.
Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo National Office yeOceanic uye Atmospheric Administration, inozivikanwa seNOAA, nokuda kwechidimbu chayo, yakaburitsa chirevo. Parinoti nhamba inoverengerwa inotangira pakufa mazana matanhatu nemakumi mana ezvienzaniso izvi mukukura pagore. Chigadzirwa chekubata hove chinorondedzerwa setsaona, nemakambani anotengesa chikafu kubva kumhuka dzemugungwa.
Kunze kwezvo, zvinodikanwa kuti muNew Guinea Island, iri kuchamhembe kweAustralia, vanodzidzira kuvhima kwemhando iyi kuti vadye nyama yayo sechikafu, mundiro dzehaute cuisine. Ndokusaka, pasina kupokana, zvese zvakatenderedza ichi chikara chinoshamisa, chiri choga uye chakadzikama inyaya yehana uye. Mutemo wezvezvakatipoteredza. Kuti kana ikasaongororwa nokururamiswa nenguva, zvinoguma nokutsakatika zvishoma nezvishoma uye gare gare kwechokwadi kwezvipenyu.